List of Acronyms and Abbreviations

2,4‐D
4‐Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4,5‐T
2,4,5‐Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid
3PBA
3‐Phenoxybenzoic acid
4F3PBA
4‐Fluoro‐3‐phenoxybenzoic acid
AAS
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
AC
Affinity Chromatography
AChE
Acetylcholinesterase
ACP
Ascorbyl‐palmitate
ADA
Aliphatic dicarboxylic acid
ADI
Acceptable Daily Intake
AdSV
Adsorptive stripping voltammetry
AFM
Atomic Force Microscopy
ALT
Alanine aminotransferase
AM
Atrazine mercapturate
AMP_PCR
Anchored microsatellite primed‐PCR
ANN
Artificial Neural Networks
ANOVA
Analysis of Variance
APCI
Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization
API
Atmospheric Pressure Ionization
AST
Aspartate aminotransferase
ATR
Attenuated Total Reflection
BChE
Butyrylcholinesterase
BDDE
Boron‐doped diamond electrode
BFE
Bismuth film electrodes
BHA
Butylated hydroxyanisole
BHT
Butylated hydroxytoluene
BOTX
Botulinum toxin
BSDA
Backward Stepwise Discriminant Analysis
BSE
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
BSEs
Backscattered electrons
CA
Chromosomal aberrations
CART
Classification and Regression Trees
CCD
Charged Coupled Detector
CD
Circular Dichroism
CDT
Cytolethal Distending Toxin
CE
Capillary Electrophoresis
CEC
Capillary Electrochromatography
CGE
Capillary Gel Electrophoresis
CIEF
Capillary Isoelectric Focusing
CITP
Capillary Isotachophoresis
CK
Creatine kinase
CM
Carboxylmethyl
CMC
Carboxylmethyl cellulose
CMP
Caseinomacropeptide
CNE
Carbon nanotube electrodes
CNS
Coagulase‐Negative Staphylococci
CPB
Clostridium perfringens Beta toxins
CPE
Carbon paste electrodes
CPE
Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxins
CPLA
Polylactide aliphatic copolymer
CP‐MAS
Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning
CPS
Coagulase‐Positive Staphylococci
CSIA
Compound‐specific isotope analysis
CSV
Cathodic stripping voltammetric
CTAB
Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide
CYP
Cytochrome P
CZE
Capillary Zone Electrophoresis
DA
Discriminant Analysis
DAD
Diode Array Detector
DAP
Dialkyl phosphates
DBCA
3‐(2,2‐dibromovinyl)‐2,2‐dimethylcyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid
DCCA
3‐(2,2‐dichlorovinyl)‐2,2‐dimethylcyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid
DDD
Dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethane
DDE
Dichlorodiphenyl ethane
DDT
Dichlorodiphenyl tetrachloroethane
DEAE
Diethyl aminoethyl cellulose
DEET
N,N‐diethyl‐m‐toluamide
DEP
Diethyl phthalate
DEPT
Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer
DG
Dodecyl gallate
DG
1,2‐diacylglycerol
DLS
Dynamic Light Scattering
DMSO
Dimethylsulfoxide
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DRIFTS
Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy
DSBs
Double Strand Breaks
DSC
Differential Scanning Calorimetry
ds‐cDNA
Double Strand Complementary DNA
DSC
Differential Scanning Calorimetry
DTA
Differential Thermal Analysis
DTG
Differential Thermogravimetry
ECD
Electron Capture Detector
EELS
Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy
EIA
Enzyme Immunoassay
EI‐MS
Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry
ELISA
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay
ELSD
Evaporative Light Scattering detector
EMR
Electromagnetic Radiation
ENPs
Engineered nano particles
EOF
Electroosmotic Flow
EPN
Ethyl Paraoxon
EPR
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
ESCA
Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis
ESEM
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy
ESI–MS
Electrospray Mass Spectrometry
ETX
Epsilon toxin
F4
Flow Field‐Flow Fractionation
FAAS
Flame‐AAS
FCMs
Food contact materials
FFF
Field‐Flow Fractionation
FINS
Forensically informative nucleotide sequencing
FIR
Far‐Infrared
FITC
Fluorescein isothiocyanate
FMOC
9‐Fluorenyhlmethyl chloroformate
FP
Fluorescence Polarization
FSCE
Free Solution Capillary Electrophoresis
FSDA
Forward Stepwise Discriminant Analysis
FTIR
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
GBS
Guillain‐Barré syndrome
GC
Gas Chromatography
GC FIS/NPD/FPD
Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detector/Nitrogen Phosphorus Detector/Fluorine Phosphorus Detector
GFAAS
Graphite Furnace‐AAS
GGT
Gamma glutamyl transferase
GM
Genetically Modified Foods/Organisms
GPC
Gel Permeation Chromatography
GSTP1
Glutathione S‐Transferase Polymorphisms 1
HA
Hemagglutinin
HCA
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis
HCB
Hexachlorobenzene
HCH
Hexachlorocyclohexane
HDC
Hydrodynamic chromatography
HFB
Heptafluorobutylated
HFBA
Heptafluorobutyric acid
HFBI
Heptafluorobutyrylimidazole
HMDE
Hanging mercury drop electrode
HMF
Hydroxymethylfurfural
HPAECPAD
High Performance Anionic Exchange Chromatography – Pulsed Amperometric Detector
HPAI
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus
HPLC
High Performance Liquid Chromatography
HPMC
Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
HPTLC
High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography
HUVECS
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells
IACE
Immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis
IC
Ion Chromatography
ICP
Inductively Coupled Plasma
ICP‐OES
Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy
IDT
Initial decomposition temperature
IEC
Ion Exchange Chromatography
IMPY
2‐Isopropyl‐4‐methyl‐6‐hydroxypyrimidine
IRMS
Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry
ISFET
Ion‐selective field effect transistors
ISSR
Inter‐sequence simple repeat
ITX
Iota toxin
kNN
k‐Nearest Neighbours
LC‐Q‐TOF‐MS
Liquid Chromatography‐Quadruple‐Time of Flight‐Mass Spectrometry
LDA
Linear Discriminant Analysis
LDH
Lactate dehydrogenase
LDPE
Low‐density polyethylene film
LIF
Laser‐induced Fluorescence (detector)
LOS
Lipo‐oligosaccharide
LPAI
Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus
LPS
Lipopolysaccharide
MALDI‐TOF‐MS
Matrix‐assisted Laser Desorption Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry
MALS
Multi Angle Light Scattering
MANOVA
Multivariate Analysis of Variance
MBTFA
N‐methyl‐bis(trifluoroacetamide)
MCF
Menthylchloroformate
MCHO
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration
MDA
Malathion dicarboxylic acid
MDM
Mechanically deboned meat
MEKC
Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography
MES
2‐(N‐morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid
MFE
Mercury film electrode
MIR
Multiple Internal Reflection Spectroscopy
MLR
Multiple Linear Regression
MMA
Malathion monocarboxylic acid
MN
Micronuclei
MPK
Mitogen‐activated Protein Kinase
MP‐PCR
Microsatellite primed‐PCR
MPV
Mean Platelet Volume
MRDT
Maximum rate of decomposition
MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Microscopy
MRM
Mechanically recovered/reclaimed meat
MS
Mass Spectrometry
MSM
Mechanically separated meat
NA
Neuraminidase
NAD
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
NADPH
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
NDGA
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid
NIR
Near Infrared
NMR
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
NPs
Nano particles
NTE
Neuropathy Target Esterases
OG
Octyl gallate
OIDN
Organophosphate‐Induced Delayed Neuropathy
OPA
o‐phthalic anhydride
OPIDP
Organophosphate‐Induced Delayed‐Polyneuropathy
OPS
Oriented polystyrene
PAGE
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
PARAFAC
Parallel Factor Analysis
PB
Basic Polymerase
PBDE
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers
PCA
Principal Component Analysis
PCB
Polynuclear Chlorinated Biphenyls
PCR
Polymerase Chain Reaction
PCL
Polycaprolactone
PCR
Partial Components Regression
PDO
Protected Designation of Origin
PET
Polyethylene terephthalate
PFE
Polymer film electrode
PFGE
Pulsed‐Field Gel Electrophoresis
PFO
Perfringolysin O
PFPA
Pentafluoropropionic anhydride
PG
Propyl gallate
PGI
Protected Geographical Indication
PHA
Polyhydroxy‐alkanoates
PHB
p‐hydroxy benzoic acid
PHB
Polyhydroxybutyrate
PHBV
Copolymer polyhydroxybutyrate valerate
PHMG
Polyhexamethylene guanidine
PLA
Poly(lactic acid)
PLC
Phospholipase C
PLS
Partial Least Square
PLSR
Partial Least‐Squares Regression
PNP
Para‐nitrophenol
PON
Paraoxonase
POPs
Persistent Organic Pollutants
PP
Polypropylene
PS
Polyester
RAIRS
Reflection‐Absorption Infra‐Red Spectroscopy
RAMs
Randomly amplified microsatellites
RAPD
Random amplified polymorphic DNA
RBC
Red blood cells
RFLP
Restriction fragment length polymorphism
RI
Refractive Index
RIA
Radio Immunoassay
RNA
Ribose Nucleic Acid
RNPs
Ribonucleoproteins
RP‐HPLC
Reversed‐Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography
RRS
Roundup Ready Soy
RT‐PCR
Real Time Chain Polymerase Reaction
RT‐PCR
Reverse Transcriptase Chain Polymerase Reaction
SANS
Small‐Angle Neutron Scattering
SaPIs
S. aureus Pathogenicity Islands
SARS
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
SAXS
Small‐Angle X‐ray Scattering
SBCEE
Surface‐bound crown ethers electrodes
SCC
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome
SCE
Sister chromatid exchange
SCGE
Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis
SDA
Stepwise Discriminant Analysis
SDS‐PAGE
Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate‐Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
SEC
Size Exclusion Chromatography
SEM
Scanning Electron Microscopy
SEs
Staphylococcal enterotoxins
SEs
Secondary electrons
SESANS
Spin Echo Small‐Angle Neutron Scattering
SFE
Supercritical Fluid Extraction
SFG
Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy
SFP
Staphylococcal food poisons
SIMCA
Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogies
SLN
Solid lipid nanoparticles
SNP
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
SPAR
Single primer amplification reaction
SPE
Screen printed electrodes
SPE
Solid Phase Extraction
SPM
Scanning Probe Microscopy
SPT
Skin Prick Test
ss‐DNA
Single Strand DNA
SSR
Simple sequence repeats
STM
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
STRs
Short tandem repeats
TAPS
N‐Tris[hydroxymethyl]methyl‐3‐aminopropanesulfonic acid)
t‐BDMS
ter‐butyldimethylsilyl
TBHQ
Tert‐butylhydroquinone
TCBS
Thiosulphate Citrate Bile Salt Sucrose
TCPY
3,5,6‐Trichloro‐2‐pyridinol
TDFs
Transcript‐derived fragments
TDH
Thermostable Direct Hemolysin
TDH‐TRH
Thermostable Direct Hemolysin‐related hemolysin
TDPA
3,3'‐thiodipropionic acid
TDS
Time Domain Spectroscopy
TEM
Transmission Electron Microscopy
TFA
Trifluoroacetates
TFAA
Trifluoroacetic anhydride
TGA
Thermal Gravimetry Analysis
TGA
Thermogravimetric
THBP
2,4,5‐trihydroxybutyrophenone
THz
Tetrahertz
TIS
Transmission Infrared Spectroscopy
TLC
Thin Layer Chromatography
TMA
Thermomechanical Analysis
TMS
Trimethyl silyl
TNF
Tumour Necrosis Factor
TPC
N‐trifluoroacetyl‐L‐prolyl chloride
TSG
Traditional Speciality Guaranteed
TXRF
Total X‐ray Reflection Fluorescence
UVVis‐
Ultraviolet‐Visible (UV‐Vis)
VAMP
Vesicle associated membrane protein
VNTRs
Variable number of tandem repeats
XMT
X‐ray Microtomography
XPS
X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy