IMAGE CREDITS
Every effort has been made to trace copyright holders and to obtain their permission for the use of copyright material. becker&mayer! apologizes for any inadvertent errors or omissions in the list below and would be grateful if notified of any corrections that should be incorporated in future reprints or editions of this book.
Cover: (Top Left) © Impress/Alamy Stock Photo; (Top Right) © dpa picture alliance/Alamy Stock Photo; (Middle Left) © Gladstone Collection of African American Photography/Library of Congress; (Middle Right) © Science History Images / Alamy Stock Photo; (Bottom Left) © Glasshouse Images/Alamy Stock Photo; (Bottom Center) © Photo by Rowland Scherman/National Archives; (Bottom Right) Carl Iwasaki/The LIFE Images Collection/Getty Images; Back: © Photo by G.H. Houghton/Library of Congress
Endpapers: © Antiqueimages/Alamy Stock Photo
Page 6: © PHAS/Getty Images
Page 8: Photo by O. Pierre Havens, 1838-1912/New York Public Library, Stephen A. Schwarzman Building/Photography Collection, Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs
Page 10: © Antiqueimages/Alamy Stock Photo
Page 11: © Everett Collection Inc/Alamy Stock Photo
Page 12: (Left) © Black Holocaust Exhibit, Photography by Shannon Alexander; (Right) © Universal History Archive/UIG via Getty Images
Page 13: © Black Holocaust Exhibit, Photography by Shannon Alexander
Page 14: Photo by Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images
Page 15: Photo by Universal History Archive/UIG via Getty Images
Page 16: © Black Holocaust Exhibit, Photography by Shannon Alexander
Page 17: © Black Holocaust Exhibit, Photography by Shannon Alexander
Page 18: (Left) © Fotosearch/Getty Images; (Right) © Black Holocaust Exhibit, Photography by Shannon Alexander
Page 19: (Top) © Black Holocaust Exhibit; (Bottom) © Smith Collection/Gado/Getty Images
Page 20: (Left) © Black Holocaust Exhibit, Photography by Shannon Alexander; (Right) © Everett
Page 22: © Black Holocaust Exhibit, Photography by Shannon Alexander
Page 23: (Left) © Public Domain; (Right) © Black Holocaust Exhibit, Photography by Shannon Alexander
Page 24: © Bettmann/Getty Images
Page 25: (Whip) © SSPL/Getty Images; (Shackles) © The New York Historical Society/Getty Images
Page 26: © Kean Collection/Getty Images
Page 27: (Top) © Interim Archives/Contributor; (Bottom) Photo by Lindsley, Harvey B., 1842-1921/Everett
Page 28: © Black Holocaust Exhibit, Photography by Shannon Alexander
Page 29: © Everett Collection Historical/Alamy Stock Photo
Page 30: © Black Holocaust Exhibit, Photography by Shannon Alexander
Page 31: (Both) © Black Holocaust Exhibit, Photography by Shannon Alexander
Page 32: © Bettmann/Getty Images
Page 33: © Burleigh, H. T. (Harry Thacker). “Go down, Moses; Let my people go! Negro spirituals.” 1917. Historic American Sheet Music, 1850-1920 (from Duke University), Library of Congress.
Page 34: © Black Holocaust Exhibit, Photography by Shannon Alexander
Page 35: © Hulton Archive/Stringer
Page 36: © 7 Continents History/Everett Collection
Page 37: © National Archives
Page 38: Courtesy of Madison Bay Company
Page 40: © Corbis via Getty Images
Page 41: (Left) © Corbis via Getty Images; (Right) © Smith Collection/Gado/Getty Images
Page 42: © Burleigh, H. T. (Harry Thacker) 1866-1949 (composer)/Library of Congress
Page 43: © GL Archive/Alamy Stock Photo
Page 44: © North Wind Picture Archives/Alamy Stock Photo
Page 45: © Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952, photographer/Library of Congress
Page 46: © Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Page 47: © Gado Images/Alamy Stock Photo
Page 48: © Library of Congress
Page 49: © Courtesy of South Carolina Historical Society
Page 50: (Left) Public Domain; (Right) © North Wind Picture Archives/Alamy Stock Photo
Page 51: © Black Holocaust Exhibit, Photography by Shannon Alexander
Page 52: © Bettmann/Getty Images
Page 53: (Left) © MPI/Getty Images; (Right) © Bettmann/Getty Images
Page 54: © Fotosearch/Getty Images
Page 55: © R. Gates/Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Page 56: (Left) Public Domain; (Right) © Bettman/Getty Images
Page 57: © Denver Public Library
Page 58: © Universal History Archive/UIG via Getty Images
Page 59: © Underwood Archives/Getty Images
Page 60: © Universal History Archive/Getty Images
Page 61: © Bain News Service/Library of Congress
Page 62: (Left) © Underwood Archives/Getty Images; (Right) © Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Page 63: Library of Congress
Page 64: (Left) Public Domain; (Right) © Bettmann/Contributor
Page 65: Reproduced from the original with special thanks to Eric Mansuy, France
Page 66: © F. P. Burke/National Archives/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images
Page 67: © National Archives
Page 68: ©Buyenlarge/Getty Images
Page 69: © Universal History Archive/Getty Images
Page 70: © Maureen Keating/Library of Congress
Page 72: (Top and Bottom Left) © Corbis via Getty Images; (Right) © Bettmann/Getty Images
Page 73: © Corbis via Getty Images
Page 74: Public Domain
Page 75: Photo by Chicago History Museum/Getty Images
Page 76: © Margaret Bourke-White/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images
Page 77: © Bettmann/Getty Images
Page 78: © Universal History Archive/Getty Images
Page 79: © Bettmann/Getty Images
Page 80: © National Archives
Page 81: © Bettmann/Getty Images
Page 82: © PF-(usna)/Alamy Stock Photo
Page 83: (Left) © Library of Congress; (Right) Letter from Sammie M. Rice to Estelle Rice, 2 September 1942, Sammie M. Rice Papers (WV0257), Betty H. Carter Women Veterans Historical Project, Martha Hodges Special Collections and University Archives, University Libraries, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, NC, USA.
Page 84: © Library of Congress
Page 85: © Carl Iwasaki/The LIFE Images Collection/Getty Images
Page 86: © Robert W. Kelley/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images
Page 87: (Left) © Bettmann/Getty Images; (Right) © Alabama Department of Archives and History, Montgomery, Alabama
Page 88: © Bettmann/Getty Images
Page 89: (Left) © MPI/Getty Images; (Right) © Bettmann/Contributor
Page 90: © Bettmann/Getty Images
Page 91: (Left) © David J. & Janice L. Frent/Corbis via Getty Images; (Right) © Kelly Miller Smith Collection, Special Collections, Vanderbilt University
Page 92: (Left) © Bettmann/Getty Images; (Right) © Donald Uhrbrock/The LIFE Images Collection/Getty Images
Page 93: © Library of Congress
Page 94: © Paul Schutzer/Getty Images
Page 95: (Top and Bottom) © Bettmann/Getty Images
Page 96: © Bettmann/Getty Images
Page 97: © Bettmann/Getty Images
Page 98: © Everett
Page 99: © Bettman/Getty Images
Page 100: © Stephen F. Somerstein/Getty Imges
Page 101: © Bettmann/Getty Images
Page 102: (Top) © Mississippi: June 8, 1966.: - Underwood Archives/UIG\Everett Collection; (Bottom) © Everett
Page 103: Courtesy: CSU Archives/Everett Collection
Page 104: (Top) © Bettmann/Getty Images; (Bottom) © Afro American Newspapers/Gado/Getty Images
Page 105: © Bettmann/Getty Images
Page 106: © Ken Hawkins/Alamy Stock Photo
Page 107: © Everett Collection Historical/Alamy Stock Photo
Page 108: Photograph by Thomas J. O’Halloran, January 15, 1975. Everett.
Page 109: © CBW/Alamy Stock Photo
Page 110: © David Grossman/Alamy Stock Photo
Page 111: © Photo by Mark Reinstein/Corbis via Getty Images
Page 114: © White House Photo/Alamy Stock Photo
Page 123: © Velma Maia Thomas
Page 124: © Science History Images/Alamy Stock Photo
Page 128: © Ivy Close Images/Alamy Stock Photo
TIMELINE
1400s: ©PRISMA ARCHIVO/Alamy Stock Photo
1526: ©Universal History Archive/UIG via Getty Images
1619: ©Photo by Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images
1662: ©Bettmann/Getty Images
1773: ©Library of Congress
1776: ©Engraving by George Girdler Smith/Library of Congress
1777: ©Library of Congress
1780: ©Interim Archives/Contributor/Getty Images
1787: ©National Archives
1793: ©Jack E. Boucher/Library of Congress
1808: ©Library of Congress
1820: ©Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division/Library of Congress
1831: © “The Liberator” Mary Evans Picture Library/Everett Collection/Library of Congress
1839: ©Lithograph by Moses Yale Beach, 1800-1868/Library of Congress
1849: ©Photo by Harvey B. Lindsley, 1842-1921/Library of Congress
1850: ©Library of Congress
1852: ©Library of Congress
1855: ©Classic Image/Alamy Stock Photo
1859: ©Everett
1861: ©Currier & Ives/Library of Congress
1862: ©Library of Congress
1865: ©Drawing by Alfred R. (Alfred Rudolph) Waud, 1828-1891/Library of Congress
1865-77: ©Lithograph by J. L. (John Lawrence) Giles/Library of Congress
1868: ©E.W. (Wedward Windsor) Kemble, 1861-1933/Library of Congress
1870: ©Alfred R. (Alfred Rudolph) Waud, 1828-1891/Library of Congress
1881: ©Sketch by H.P. Whinnery/Library of Congress
1896: ©Everett Collection Historical/Alamy Stock Photo
1900: ©Universal History Archive/Getty Images
1903: ©Underwood Archives/Getty Images
1905: ©Photo by Jack Delano/Library of Congress
1907: Public Domain
1909: ©Chronicle / Alamy Stock Photo
1910: ©Everett Collection Historical/Alamy Stock Photo/Photo by Arthur P. Bedou
1913: ©L. (Louis) Lipman/Library of Congress
1916: ©Bettmann/Getty Images
1919: ©Niday Picture Library/Alamy Stock Photo
1920: ©Photo by J.E. Mille[r], K.C./Library of Congress
1926: ©Library of Congress
1935: ©Photo by Gordon Parks, 1912-2006/Library of Congress
1936: ©Universal History Archive/Getty Images
1937: ©Bettmann/Getty Images
1947: ©Photo by Marion S. Trikosko/Library of Congress
1955: ©Bettmann/Getty Images
1960: ©Bettmann/Getty Images
1963: ©AFP/Getty Images
1965: ©Photo by Peter Pettus/Library of Congress
1967: ©Library of Congress
1989: ©Visions of America, LLC/Alamy Stock Photo
1990: ©Visions of America, LLC/Alamy Stock Photo
1992: ©Photo by Chris Martin/Library of Congress
2005: ©ZUMA Press Inc/Alamy Stock Photo
2009: ©Photo by Pete Souza/Library of Congress
2013: ©David Grossman/Alamy Stock Photo
MEMORABILIA
Receipt (1796): Courtesy of Missouri History Museum
Newspaper (1857): ©Library of Congress
Slave Manifest (1860): National Archives
Photograph (1916): Public Domain
March to Freedom Flier (1955): National Archives
Fingerprints (1956): National Archives
Mississippi Freedom Summer Pamphlet (1964): Public Domain
FBI Poster (1964): Public Domain/Created by the Federal Bureau of Investigation
Telegram (1965): National Archives
Black Panther Party Poster (1969): ©Library of Congress