Index
A
According to The Custer Myth, 206–207
Adams, Cassilly, 284
Alexander the Great, 152
American Horse (Cheyenne warrior), 51, 215
Appomattox Court House, Virginia, 2
Arikaree Fork, Battle of, 165
Army of Northern Virginia, surrender of, 4
Army of the Potomac, xxvii, 4, 18, 135
B
Bacon-Custer, Elizabeth “Libbie,” 21–22, 24, 26–27, 43, 95–96, 108, 152, 170, 173
Bailey, Henry Allen (blacksmith), 155–156
“Band Box Troop,” 120, 122–123
Banks, Charles (Private), 220
Barnard, Sandy, 190, 266–267, 270–271, 294
Barry, John D. (Private), 128
Becker, F. Otto, 284
Beecher Island, 165
Benteen, Frederick William (Captain), 63–73
analysis of battle at Ford, 112–116, 200, 206–207, 229, 234–235
Custer’s repulse, 234
denies hearing distress signal, 250
dereliction of duty/failure to follow orders, xxxii, 108–110, 225, 297–298
distrust of Custer, 77
early testimony vs. later, xxix–xxx
false testimony, xviii–xx, 248
on horses at Medicine Tail Coulee Ford, 239–240
on reasons for campaign, 35
on rout from Medicine Tail Coulee, 290–291
on treatment of prisoners at Ford, 273
Bernard, Sandy, 209
Black Hills sacred lands, 9–14
Black Stone (Cheyenne), 54
Bloody Knife (Arikara), 60, 84, 106, 156, 309
Boardman, Mark, 301
Bobtail Horse (Cheyenne)
describes Custer’s wounding, 184–186, 195, 198, 228
effects of rapid rifle fire by Indians, 180–182
horses, at Medicine Tail Coulee Ford, 240
moves from defensive to offensive, 257
protective charms and audacity at Ford, 192–193
response to Custer’s charge, 144–145, 158–167
stopping soldiers from entering their village, 173
uses ridge to make defensive stand, 177
vanguard role at Ford, 257
Bouyer, Mitch (Arikara scout), 70–71, 80, 106, 109, 184–185
Bowstring (Wolf) Society, 31–32
Bowstring (Wolf) Soldiers (Cheyenne soldiers), 29
Bowstring Soldier Society (Cheyenne), 31–32
Bowstring Soldiers (Cheyenne soldiers), 29
Box Elder/Dog Stands on Ridge/Old Brave Wolf (Sioux prophet), 27–29, 57–58, 71–72, 260–261
Brave Bear (Cheyenne Dog Soldier), 28, 58, 255–256
Brave Wolf (Cheyenne), 214–216, 225–226, 246, 252
Brown, William A. (Private), 223
Brust, James S., 190
buckskin shirts
as captured garments, 231
Custer dressed in, 21, 132–134, 181, 185–186, 197–198, 209, 221
Long Yellow Hair shot, 230, 232
other officers wearing, 195–197, 201–202, 223–224, 230–231
Buena Vista battle, 211
buffalo, importance of, 8–9, 11, 13–16, 32–33
A Buffalo Bull Lives Permanently Among Us. see Sitting Bull (Sitting Buffalo Bull)
Buffalo Calf. see Custer, Thomas “Tom” Ward (Captain)
Buffalo Calf (Cheyenne), 163–164, 257
Buffalo Head (Cheyenne sacred object), 55, 144, 164, 167, 179
“buffalo warriors,” 30
Bull Chief, 181
Bureau of Indian Affairs, 199
Burnside’s Bridge, Antietam, xxvii
Bustard, James (Sergeant), 206, 221
Butler, James (First Sargeant), 223
Butler, Mary Elizabeth C. Murray, 223
C
Calhoun, James “Jimmy” (Lieutenant), 196, 202
Carries the Otter (Arikara), 205–206
Cedar Coulee, 85
Cemetery Ridge, 4
Cheyenne. see also Medicine Tail Coulee Ford; Northern Great Plains tribes
final stand of, xxi
ignored testimonies, xix–xx, xxiii–xxxii, 117, 184, 196, 214, 225, 229, 285–288
initial response to Custer’s charge, 143–147
Sand Creek massacre, 8
Cheyenne Dog Soldiers, 6, 29, 156–157, 165–166
Chicago Times, July 22 1876, 261–262
Chivington, John M. (Colonel), 32
Chivington’s Colorado boys, 171–172
Comanche (Keogh’s horse), 278
Company B, 7th Cavalry, 41, 117
Company C, 7th Cavalry
crosses the river to the village with E and I, 207
effects of rapid rifle fire by Indians, 218
Finley on buckskin shirts, 231
horses ridden by, 121
horses ridden by, and advance toward Ford, 148–149
Kanipe and message asking for assistance, 116
led by Tom Custer, advanced behind E, and A, 113, 133–134
and limited combat capabilities, 64
Pickard, Edward Henry (Private), 142
troopers’ bodies not found, 210
troopers search for mementos, 267
trouble with hot, thirsty horses, 240
Company D, 7th Cavalry, 20, 192, 250, 290
Company E, 7th Cavalry, Gray Horse Company
attempts to cross into village, 207, 243, 292
charge at the Ford, 90
Custer in the fore, charge at the Ford, 121–122
in the fore at charge, 133–134, 142
horse troubles at Ford, 240
Indian reports of grayish horses in front, 149
and limited combat capabilities, 64
Smith as early casualty, 190
Sturgis, second in command, fate of, 211, 271
thrown into confusion, 218
White Shield reports grayish horses in front, 146, 169
Company F, 7th Cavalry, 64, 119–122, 132, 137, 142, 149
Company G, 7th Cavalry, 111, 135, 233, 270
Company H, 7th Cavalry, 19, 113, 264
Company I, 7th Cavalry, 65, 128, 156, 196, 206, 220–221, 223, 240
Company K, 7th Cavalry, 76, 98, 108, 148, 223, 227, 251, 269
Company L, 7th Cavalry, 64, 141, 223
Company M, 7th Cavalry, 14, 64, 73, 199–200, 231, 244, 264, 272, 283
Connor, Melissa A., 270
Cooke, William “Willie” Winer (Adjutant), 73, 76, 88–89, 134–135, 196, 239
Corn Woman (Cheyenne), 215
Coyote (Fox) Society (Cheyenne), 31–32
Crazy Dog Warrior Society, 34, 164
Crazy Head (Cheyenne Chief), 215
Crazy Horse
afternoon of June 25th, 57
at battle of Rosebud, 175
and gathering of soldiers, 46–47
intentions to hold the Black Hills, 11–13, 15
leader against the whites, 18
Crook, George (General), 16, 37–38, 40, 51, 77, 88. see also Rosebud battle, Crook’s defeat
Cross, Walt, 281
Crow’s Nest, 60
culture, preservation of Indian vs. Manifest Destiny, 1–3
Curley (Crow scout), xxviii, xxx, 113–114, 117, 123, 185, 187, 206, 234, 236
describes battle at Ford, 275–276
importance of struggle at Ford, 291
Curtis, Samuel R. (General), 8
Custer, Boston “Bos” (Adjutant Cooke), 39–40, 132, 138, 147–148, 202
Custer, Emmanuel, 138
Custer, George Armstrong (Lieutenant Colonel). see also Custer’s Last Stand; Washita, Battle of the
attempted flank attack at Ford, 75–85
on Cheyenne Dog Soldiers, 34–35
clothing worn at Bighorn, 196
dysfunctional internal dynamics - 1876 expedition, 35–37
factors resulting in repulse, 236–244
lack of tactical choice, 110–112
last and forgotten victory, 296–300
as leading charge at Ford, 112–118, 181
letters to Libbie, 40, 42–43, 66–68, 84–85, 95–96, 105, 151, 230
May 17, 1876 leaves Fort Abraham Lincoln for Montana Territory, 17–18
overconfidence based on misconceptions, 17, 44, 80, 125–130, 143
problems with Indian fighting, 2–3
repulse and death at Little Bighorn, 255–263
success at surprising Indians, 147–153
Summer campaign - 1876 expedition, 37–47
surprise attack at Washita, 5–8
tactical considerations, June 25th, 59–73
tactical fallacy of cavalry charge, 23–25
tactical formula vs. unexpected circumstances, 105–110
terrain difficulties at the Ford, 244–247
underestimation of Indians, 194–195
wounded or killed at Ford, 226–233
wounding of, xii–xvii, xxiii, xxviii, 184–185, 187, 248, 279
Custer, Thomas “Tom” Ward (Captain), 6, 66, 119, 132–134, 147, 195–196, 202
Custer Hill, xiv, xvi–xvii, xxiii–xxxii, 198, 275
fiction and romance of, 279, 295
rout to, 290
Custer Survivor: The End of the Myth, the Beginning of a Legend (2010), 116
Custer’s defeat, traumatic psychological experience of, 284
Custer’s final charge, map, xi
“Custer’s Last Fight” (Cassilly Adams), 284
Custer’s Last Stand. see also Medicine Tail Coulee Ford
books on, 295
and Custer’s chest wound, 186
decisive turning point of, xxiii–xxix
Digging Into Custer’s Last Stand (Barnard), 266
fiction and romance of, 273, 284–285, 288
forgotten turning point, xvi–xvii
irony of, 282
last and forgotten victory, 296–300
myth vs. reality, xiii–xxxii, 273, 279, 281, 286–287
pervasiveness of myth, xxix–xxxii
romance obscures truth, 267
tactical ambition and bold defenders, xxi–xxiii
A Terrible Glory (Donovan), 281
They Died With Their Boots On (film), 284, 305
Washita, Battle of the, 93
“Custer’s Luck,” 58–59, 91–92, 129–130, 143, 262, 296
D
Department of the Interior, 199–200
DeRudio, Charles Camilus (Lieutenant), 112–114, 214–215, 217, 227, 231
Digging Into Custer’s Last Stand (Barnard), 266–267
Division of the Missouri, 10
Dog Men Society (Cheyenne), 31–32
Donohue, John F. (Private), 76
Donovan, James, 281
Dose, Charles, 135
Dose, Elizabeth Fettis, 135
Dose, Hattie, 135
Dose, Henry C. (Trumpeter), 135–136, 151, 209
Dull Knife/ Lame White Man, 28, 160–163, 180–182
E
Eagan, Thomas P. (Private), 18–19
Eagle Bear (Sioux warrior), 56
Edgerly, Winfield Scott (Lieutenant), 20, 67, 192, 250–251, 290
1868 Fort Laramie Treaty, 9–14, 16
Eiseman, George, 67
Elk Scrapers Society, 156–157, 160
Elk Soldiers/Elk Horn Scrapers (Cheyenne soldiers), 29
Elk Warrior Society, 34
Elliot, Joel (Major), 36–37, 93
F
Far West, 40–41, 43, 96, 138, 150
Finkel, Frank August/Frankel, Frank (Sergeant), 113–114, 116, 240–241
Finley, Jeremiah (Sergeant), 64, 134, 231
Foolish Elk (Sioux warrior), 206, 236
Fort Abraham Lincoln, 10, 17–18, 22, 36, 40
Fox, Richard Allen, Jr., 235, 270, 276
Fox Society, 163
Fox Soldiers/Kit Fox Men/Coyote Soldiers (Cheyenne soldiers), 29, 34
Frankel, Frank /Finckle, George August (Sergeant), 113–114, 116
French, Thomas Henry (Captain), 64, 200
G
Garry Owen/Garryowen, 18, 25, 94, 123, 130–131
Gibbon, John (Colonel), 36–38, 41, 271
Girard, Frederic Francis, 298
Glenn, George W. (Private), 263–264
Goat River/ Little Sheep Creek. see Little Bighorn River
Godfrey, Edward Seattle (Lieutenant), 109, 223, 227, 251, 269, 271–272
Goldin, Theodore W. (Lieutenant), 233
Grant, Ulysses S. (President), xviii, xix, 1–2, 10–11, 87
Gray Horse Company. see Company E, 7th Cavalry, Grey Horse Company
Greasy Grass River battle, xiv, 14–15, 260–261
Great Medicine Dance Creek/Green Grass Creek, 66
Great Medicine or Great Spirit Dance (Sun Dance), 26–27, 46
Great Reservation, 15
Griffin, Patrick (Private), 201
Grinnell, George Bird, 215–216, 289
Gun That Won the West, 188–190
H
Hairy Moccasin (Crow scout), 77, 90, 196–197
Hamilton, Alexander, 129
Hamilton, Louis McLane (Captain), 129
Hard Robe (Cheyenne), 167
Harmon, Dick, 270
Harper’s Weekly, May 19, 1864, 126
Harrington, Henry Moore (Second Lieutenant), 134, 196, 202–204, 209–211, 213, 269–272
Hay, John, 294
headquarters staff, Custer’s, 131–143
headstones, on Custer Hill, 270
Henry rifle, xxii, 188–190, 197, 209, 232, 249–250, 282–283
Herendeen, George B. (Crow Scout), 70–72, 213, 251, 271–272
Hetesimer, Adam (Private), 65
Hi-es-tzie (Long Hair), 24
Hollow Horn Bear (Sioux warrior), 195, 230
Horn, Marion E., 224
Horned Horse
and artifacts at battle site, 269
on defense of Ford, 188
describes rough terrain at Ford, 244–245
describes wounded falling into water, Custer’s wounding, 185, 198, 224
effects of rapid rifle fire by Indians, 235–237, 265–266, 276, 283, 293
ignored testimony of, xxviii
quicksand swallows troopers (supposedly), 244–245, 269
on success of rapid fire, 276–277, 293–294
surprising sight of Custer’s column, 123
horses, at Medicine Tail Coulee Ford, 236–244
Hotamitaneo, 29
Howling Woman (Kate Bighead), 12, 56
Hughes, Annie, 209
Hughes, Robert H. (Color Sergeant), 136–137, 209
Hump/Big Chest/High Back Bone (Sioux warrior), 58
Hunkpapa Sioux, 11
I
ignored testimonies, Indian, xix–xxxii, 117, 184, 196, 214, 225, 229, 285–288
Indian Affairs, Commissioner of, 15
Indian Bureau, xxx
Irwin, Lucretia Beaumont, 120
J
Joe Medicine Crow
death of, 306
and elders’ stories of Custer and Little Bighorn, 301–303
as living connection to Battle of Little Bighorn, 301
oral tradition and song for healing, 303–305
stories white men didn’t want to hear, 303
John Stands, 279
K
Kanipe, Daniel Alexander (Sergeant), 88, 110, 112, 116–117, 206, 209–210
Kellogg, Marcus “Mark” Henry
associations with Custer, 115
claims net is being thrown around Sitting Bull, 91
describes overconfidence of troops, 18
killed on flat near river, 209–210
marker is not on actual burial site, 270–271
on Sitting Bull, 140
on strategy of 7th Cavalry, 38–39
writes on end of buffalo and Indian, 34
Kellogg, Mattie, 139
Kelly, Patrick (Private), 62
Keogh, Myles Walter (Captain)
advance into Ford, 91
Comanche (Keogh’s horse) found near river, 278
command after Custer’s fall, 247–251
fires distress volleys, 247–253
as member of Custer’s inner circle, 202
second wave attack, 117, 124, 146–147, 218–226
surveillance of Reno’s fight, 76
wearing buckskins also, 195–196
Kilpatrick, Maria Ward, 132
Kit Fox Society, 49–50, 100, 156–157, 167, 173–174, 205–206, 236, 280
Korn, Gustave (Private), 223–224, 240
Kramer, Elnora, 202
Kramer, Orren, 202
Kramer, William (Trumpeter), 202–203
L
Lame White Man (Cheyenne Chief), 55
Last Stand Hill. see Custer Hill
“last survivors,” 113
Lee, Robert E. (General), 4
Left Hand (Arapaho), 200
Less Spotted Hawk (Cheyenne), 185–186
Light Eyes, 24
Little Big Man (film directed by Athur Penn), 269
Little Bighorn, battle of, 280–281. see also Custer, George Armstrong (Lieutenant Colonel); Medicine Tail Coulee Ford; 7th Cavalry
Little Bighorn National Battlefield, 268–269
Little Bighorn National Monument, xvi
Little Bighorn River, 26, 42, 59, 62, 69–70, 74, 79
Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument site, xvi
map, x
tribes settle into Little Bighorn Valley, 49–52
and White Man Runs Him testimony, 302
Little Fish (Cheyenne), 167
Little Man Runs Him (Crow), 276
Lockwood, John “Jack” C., 112–115, 148, 184–185, 196–197, 234–235, 259
Logue, William J. (Private), 220
“lone survivors,” 113
Long, Oscar (Lieutenant), 227
Long Yellow Hair. see Custer, George Armstrong (Lieutenant Colonel)
The Longest Afternoon, The 400 Men Who Decided the Battle of Waterloo, xxvii
Lord, George Edwin (Dr.), 138–139, 185, 207–280
Los Angeles Times, 305
Lossee, William A. (Private), 132
Low Dog (Oglala Sioux warrior), 28, 180
low rise, as cover for battle, 176–193
Luce Ridge, 87
Lucky Man/Charles Reynolds, 112–113
M
Mad Wolf /Mad Hearted Wolf / Wolf That Has No Sense (Cheyenne), 101–102, 162–168, 181
Marsh, Grant, 138
Martin, John (Trumpeter), 21, 60, 66, 70, 73, 76, 81, 88, 90, 109–110, 116–117, 217, 227, 231, 250
The Massacre (D. W. Griffith 1912 film), xiv
McClellan, George B. (General), 124
McDougall, Thomas Mower (Captain), 63, 117
McElroy, Thomas Francis (Trumpeter), 136, 151
Meador, Thomas E. (Private), 19
medicine pouch, 194
Medicine Tail Coulee Ford
believed to be inconsequential, 152, 215–218, 266–273, 278
charge across and achieving left bank, 202–214
charge led by Custer, confirmation of, 112–117
and Custer’s attempt to cross, 288–290
Custer’s scouts reports on, 80
decisive repulse of Custer, 233–236
disregarded testimonies and myth, 277–278
distress volleys fired by Keogh, 247–253
factors resulting in Custer’s repulse, 236–244
importance of battle at Ford, xvi–xxxii
initial response to Custer’s charge, 143–147
level of river during attack, 123–124
no battle markers placed, 294–295
obscuring the importance of, 263–266
photo by Morrow, 275
race between Custer and Great Plains warriors, 160–161
and recent archaeology, 266–273
repulse and death at Little Bighorn, 255–263
terrain difficulties of, 244–247
time factor, ford charge, 214–218
trumpets ordered to play, 60, 123
Mexican–American War in 1846–1848, 1
Miller, David Humphreys, 209, 227–229
Miniconjou. see Medicine Tail Coulee Ford
Monroe, Joseph (Private), 121
Moonie, George A. (Trumpeter), 121
Morrow, Stanley J., 275
Moving Robe Woman, 240
Muskrat/Water Rat Creek, 97
My Life on the Plains, 92
myths
battle of Little Bighorn, 280–281
Custer fell at Custer Hill, xxxi
Custer stayed behind lines, 112–118, 131
Custer’s Last Stand, 281
and dismissal of Indian testimonies, xxix
Medicine Tail Coulee Ford was inconsequential, 152, 215–218, 266–273, 278
N
New York Herald, 59, 91, 129, 139
New York Times, July 7, 1876, 263
New York Times, May, 1973, 16
Northern Crazy Dogs/Dog Men (Cheyenne soldiers), 29
Northern Great Plains tribes
Battle of Rosebud. see Rosebud battle, Crook’s defeat
charge across and achieving left bank, 202–214
Cheyenne, as overlooked warriors, 28–35
and establishment of reservation system, 8–9
ignored testimonies, xix–xxxii, 117, 184, 196, 214, 225, 229, 277, 285–288
misconceptions about, 77–78, 84
preservation of culture vs. Manifest Destiny, 1–3
prophetic visions of Sitting Bull, 25–29
Northern Great Plains tribes (cont.)
protective charms and audacity at Medicine Tail Coulee Ford, 193–198
response to Custer’s charge, 156–176
and superior weaponry, 198–202
surprise attack at Washita, 5–8
tribes settle into Little Bighorn Valley, 49–53
unity and use of low rise, 176–193
village life and culture, 53–59
Nye-Cartwright Ridge, 87, 249–250
O
offensive as game, 125
Offers Her Red Cloth, 181
Oglala Sioux, 11
P
Pehin Hanska, 24
Pennington, Jack L., 196–197, 253
Pickard, Edward Henry (Private), 142
“Pickett’s Charge,” 4
The Pioneer Press and Tribune, September 8, 1876, 272
Pohanka, Brian C., 190
Porter, Eliza Frances Westcott, 222
Porter, Henry (Surgeon), 67, 269
Porter, James Ezekiel (First Lieutenant), 196, 220–223, 269–272
Porter, James Francis, 222
Powder River, 9–17, 20, 27–28, 38–40, 45–46
Pretty Shield (Cheyenne), 184–185
Pretty White Buffalo, 176
Q
quicksand swallows troopers (supposedly), 244
R
Red Horse, 196
Red Shield Society, 30
Red Shield Soldiers (Cheyenne soldiers), 29
Reed, David, 138
Reed, Harry “Autie” Armstrong, 138, 147–148
Reed, Lydia Ann Kirkpatrick, 138
Reedstrom, Ernst L., 278
Reily, William, Sr., 150
Reily, William Van Wyck (Second Lieutenant), 119, 149–151
“Remember the Washita,” 191
Reno, Marcus Albert (Major). see also Reno 1879 Court of Inquiry
analysis of battle at Ford, 291–293
on battle at Medicine Tail, 217, 225
command of Company, southern attack, 63–73
and Custer’s orders, 36–38, 43
defeat of, 92
denies hearing distress signal, 250
early testimony, 115
estimation of number of warriors, 140
failed offensive effort, 73–77, 192
failure to follow orders, xx, 297
false testimony, xviii
on government equipping Indians, 283
Harrington burned at stake, others crossed into village, 205–207, 212–213
horses, at Medicine Tail Coulee Ford, 241–242
Indian warriors rallied from south battle to defend north, 102–103, 126
initial reports vs. later testimony, xxix–xxxi
at Little Bighorn River, 302–303
repulsed at south end of village, xviii–xxi, xxiv
on treatment of prisoners at Ford, 272–273
Reno 1879 Court of Inquiry, xviii–xxi, 292–293, 297–298
reservation system, establishment of, 8–9
Respects Nothing, 230
Reynolds, Charles “Lonesome Charlie” Alexander, 112–113, 116–117
Rising Sun (Cheyenne), 183
Roan Bear (Cheyenne), 144, 159–164, 167–168, 179, 230, 257
Roman Nose (Chief), 165
Rosebud battle, Crook’s defeat, 40–41, 51–53, 77, 88, 90, 92, 103, 144, 169, 173, 175, 195, 230, 236–237, 258, 260
Rosebud River, 12–13, 20, 26, 39–40, 43–45, 59, 62, 67, 84
Rosser, Thomas “Tom” Lawrence (General), 73, 282
Ryan, John (Sergeant), 14, 18, 73–74, 121, 143–144, 199, 213, 217, 239, 244, 255, 267
on battle at Medicine Tail, 278
condemnation of arming Indians, 259–260
on government equipping Indians, 283
on Indians taking prisoners, 264–265
S
sacred lands, preservation of, 9–14
“Salt Smith” (Captain, Company E), 190
Sand Creek massacre, 5–8, 171–172, 191
Sans Arc (Souix village), 62–63, 68–71
Senator William B. Allen Commission, 11
7th Cavalry, xviii, xxi, xxviii, 6–7, 10, 199. see also Companies by name; Custer’s Last Stand; Medicine Tail Coulee Ford
1874 Black Hills expedition, 14
descending into Medicine Tail Coulee Ford, 85–104
mounts at Medicine Tail Ford Coulee, 143–144
at the mouth of Medicine Tail Ford Coulee, 147–153
repulse and death at Little Bighorn, 255–263
Summer campaign - 1876 expedition, 37–47
tactical considerations, June 25th, 59–73
tactical fallacy of cavalry charge, 23–25
Sharpshooter Ridge, 85
Sharrow, William H. (Sergeant Major), 137
Shave Elk (Oglala Sioux), 183
She Owl (Arikara), 156
Shea, Jeremiah (Private), 149
Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 73
Sheridan, Phil H. (General), xix, 1–2, 6, 10, 15–16
Sherman, William T. (General), xix, 1–2, 7, 15
underestimation of Indians, 194
Sioux, xxiii–xxxii. see also Medicine Tail Coulee Ford; Northern Great Plains tribes
final stand of, xxi
leadership at Little Bighorn, 129
Sitting Bull (Sitting Buffalo Bull)
Custer intent on teaching a lesson, 94–95
and gathering of soldiers, 46–47
on horses at Medicine Tail Coulee Ford, 238
Indians joining at hunting grounds, 18–19
and intelligence misinformation, 141
on keeping horses in condition, 241
misinterpreted actions, 15
philosophy regarding whites, 55–56
prophetic visions of, 25–29, 175–177
resists attempts to buy Black Hills, 11–13
on success of rapid fire, 276
testimonies ignored, xix
testimony about Medicine Tail Coulee Ford, 187–188
and truth of battle, 299
warriors reports on Medicine Tail Coulee Ford, 218
Sivertsen, John “Big Fritz” (Private), 75
Smith, Algernon Emory “Fresh Smith” (First Lieutenant), 121–122, 190, 196, 200–201
Smith, Edward, 15
Smith, George E., 239
Smith, John E., 199
Soldier Wolf (Cheyenne), 101, 216–217, 242
Son of the Morning Star/Old Iron Ass (Custer). see Custer, George Armstrong (Lieutenant Colonel)
spiritual faith and unity at Medicine Tail Ford Coulee, 191–193
Spotted Hawk (Cheyenne), 185–186
Spotted Horn Bull, 123
Spotted Wolf (Cheyenne), 144
Springfield carbines, xxvii, 35, 67, 89, 113, 187–189, 201, 241, 250, 258–259
St. John, Ludwick (Private), 149
Strong Arm. see Custer, George Armstrong (Lieutenant Colonel)
Stuart, James Ewall Brown (Jeb), 4
Stungewitz, Ygnatz (Private), 149
Sturgis, James “Jack” Garland (Second Lieutenant), 122, 209–213, 245–246, 264, 269–272
Sturgis, Samuel Davis (Colonel), 35–36, 271
Summer campaign - 1876 expedition, 19, 21, 37–47, 127
The Sun, February 26, 1876, 273
Sun Dance (Great Medicine or Great Spirit Dance), 26–27, 46, 260
Sweet Medicine (Cheyenne Great Spirit), 170–171, 192–193, 288
Sylvester Knows Gun (Cheyenne), 197, 228
T
Tall Bull (Cheyenne), 233, 236, 256, 291
Taylor, William Othneil (Private), 10, 15, 43, 60, 67–68, 98, 187, 239, 269–270
Custer’s Last Stand, 297
testimony of battle at Ford, 293
truth of Medicine Tail Coulee Ford charge, 289–290
A Terrible Glory (Donovan), 152–153, 281
Terry, Alfred (General), 16, 18, 38–41, 45, 278–280, 298
Terry–Custer Expedition. see 7th Cavalry
They Died With Their Boots On (film), 284, 305
Thompson, Peter (Private), 267
Tom’s Brook, 73
True West magazine, October 12, 2009, 301
Two Moons (Cheyenne chief), 52, 82, 100, 144, 157–158, 205–206, 236, 256–258, 265, 280
Two Young Moons (Sioux warrior), 21, 57–58, 199
U
USS Porpoise, 150
V
Varnum, Charles A., 242
Vic/ Victory (Custer’s horse), 95, 129
Vickory, John/ John H. Groesbeck (Sergeant), 137
Voss, Henry (Chief Trumpeter), 135, 151, 207–208
W
Wagoner, John C. (Chief Packer), 112
Waken Tanka (Great Power), 27
Washita, Battle of the, 5–8, 14, 36–37, 92–93, 120, 227
decapitation of Major Elliot and others, 265
effect of Washita on warriors at Medicine Tail Coulee Ford, 191
effect on Battle of Little Bighorn, 156–157, 177
psychological effect on tribes, 288
wasichus (the white people you can’t rid of), 78
Waterloo, battle of, xxvi
Weir, Thomas Benton (Captain), 250
White Buffalo Calf Woman, 179
White Bull/ Ice Bear (Cheyenne shaman), 26–27, 235
White Bull/Pte San Hunka /Lazy White Buffalo (Sioux warror), 84, 255
White Cow Bull (Oglala)
attack at south end to opposition at north end of village, 158–163
Custer’s ignored distress signal, 247–248
defends village against all odds, 190–198
helps form opposition to charge, 144–145
ignored testimonies, xxviii–xxix
White Cow Bull (Oglala) (cont.)
rapid rifle fire and prayers to Great Spirit, testimony, 180–187
Sioux youngsters and old men join opposition, 174–177
testimony of battle at Ford, 207–209
vanguard role at Ford, 257
on wounding of Custer, 224, 227–232, 235, 242
White Man Runs Him/ White Buffalo That Turns Around (Crow), 152, 185, 196–197, 230–234, 277, 302–303
White Necklace, 191
White Shield (Cheyenne), 54–57, 101, 143–146, 162–176, 194, 216, 235
White Shield’s mother, importance of, 143–144
wicasa wakan (Hunkpapa Sioux holy man), 26
Williams, Grace, 204
Williams, John W. (Dr.), 204, 213
Wilson and Graham traveling circus, 171–172
Winchester Rifles, xxii, 84, 188–190, 198–202, 266, 282
Wolf Chief, 191
“Wolverine” (Michigan) cavalry division, 2, 94, 127–128, 201
Wood Woman (Cheyenne), 235
Wooden Leg (Cheyenne warrior), 10, 34, 51–56, 84, 172–173, 229–230, 236, 243
ritualistic treatment of dead enemies, 264–265
vanguard role at Ford, 257–258
Wounded Knee, 224
Y
Yates, George Wilhelmus Manicus (Captain), 63, 91, 119–124, 132, 144, 190, 216–228, 237
Yellow Hair (Cheyenne), 54
Yellow Nose, 57
Yellowstone Campaign of 1873, 203
Yellowstone River, 9, 13–18, 26–27, 36–40, 44–45, 54, 93, 272, 290