General

 

Blum, Deborah. Love at Goon Park: Harry Harlow and the science of affection. Perseus Publishing, 2002.

Bowlby, John. A Secure Base: Clinical applications of attachment theory. Basic Books, 1988.

Cacioppo, John, and William Patrick. Loneliness: Human nature and the need for social connection. Norton, 2008.

Cassidy, Jude, and Phillip R. Shaver, editors. Handbook of Attachment: Theory, research, and clinical implications. Guilford Press, 2008.

Coontz, Stephanie. Marriage, A History: From obedience to intimacy or how love conquered marriage. Viking, 2005.

Cozolino, Louis. The Neuroscience of Human Relationships: Attachment and the developing social brain. Norton, 2006.

de Waal, Frans. The Age of Empathy: Nature’s lessons for a kinder society. Harmony Books, 2009.

Ekman, Paul. Emotions Revealed. Henry Holt, 2003.

Fine, Cordelia. Delusions of Gender: How our minds, society, and neurosexism create difference. Norton, 2010.

Goleman, Daniel. Social Intelligence: The new science of human relationships. Bantam, 2006.

Gottman, John. The Seven Principles for Making Marriage Work. Crown, 1999.

Iacoboni, Marco. Mirroring People: The new science of how we connect with others. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2008.

Johnson, Susan M. The Practice of Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy: Creating connection. Brunner/Routledge, 2004.

Karen, Robert. Becoming Attached: First relationships and how they shape our capacity to love. Oxford University Press, 1994.

Kornfield, Jack. The Wise Heart: A guide to the universal teachings of Buddhist psychology. Bantam, 2009.

Lewis, Thomas, Fari Amini, and Richard Lannon. A General Theory of Love. Vintage Books, 2000.

MacDonald, Geoff, and Lauri A. Jensen-Campbell, editors. Social Pain: Neuropsychological and health implications of loss and exclusion. APA Press, 2011.

Mikulincer, Mario, and Phillip R. Shaver. Attachment in Adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change. Guilford Press, 2007.

Putnam, Robert D. Bowling Alone: The collapse and revival of American community. Simon & Schuster, 2000.

Rifkin, Jeremy. The Empathic Civilization. Penguin, 2009.

Turkle, Sherry. Alone Together: Why we expect more from technology and less from each other. Basic Books, 2011.

Uchino, Bert. Social Support and Physical Health: Understanding the health consequences of relationships. Yale University Press, 2004.

Wright, Ronald. A Short History of Progress. House of Anansi Press, 2004.

Part One: The Relationship Revolution

Chapter 1: Love: A Paradigm Shift

Blum, Deborah. Love at Goon Park: Harry Harlow and the science of affection. Perseus Publishing, 2002.

Bowlby, John. A Secure Base: Clinical applications of attachment theory. Basic Books, 1988.

——. Attachment and Loss, vol. 1: Attachment. Basic Books, 1969.

——. Attachment and Loss, vol. 2: Separation: Anxiety and anger. Basic Books, 1973.

——. Attachment and Loss, vol. 3: Sadness and depression. Basic Books, 1981.

Buss, David, Todd Shackelford, Lee Kirkpatrick, and Randy Larsen. A half century of mate preferences: The cultural evolution of values. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 2001, vol. 63, pp. 491–503. Notes the changing criteria for choosing a mate.

Cacioppo, John, and William Patrick. Loneliness: Human nature and the need for social connection. Norton, 2008.

Chugani, Harry, Michael Behen, Otto Muzik, Csaba Juhasz, Ferenc Nagy, and Diane Chugani. Local brain functional activity following early deprivation: A study of post-institutionalized Romanian orphans. Neuroimage, 2001, vol. 14, pp. 1290–1301.

Darwin, Charles R. This is the question marry not marry [Memorandum on marriage—1838]. In The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online, John Van Wyhe, editor, 2002. Available at http://darwin-online.org.uk/.

Descartes, René. The Philosophical Writings of Descartes: Vol. 1. Elizabeth Haldane and G. Ross, translators. Cambridge University Press, 1934.

Feeney, Brooke. The dependency paradox in close relationships: Accepting dependence promotes independence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2007, vol. 92, pp. 268–285. Notes the benefits of secure attachment for career women.

Fraley, Chris, David Fazzari, George Bonanno, and Sharon Dekel. Attachment and psychological adaptation in high exposure survivors of the September 11th attack on the World Trade Center. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2006, vol. 32, pp. 538–551.

Guenther, Lisa. Social Death and Its Afterlives: A critical phenomenology of solitary confinement. Minnesota University Press, 2012.

Hilgard, Ernest. Psychology in America: A historical survey. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1993.

Johnson, Susan M. Hold Me Tight: Seven conversations for a lifetime of love. Little, Brown, 2008.

——. The Practice of Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy: Creating connection. Brunner/Routledge, 2004.

Karen, Robert. Becoming Attached: First relationships and how they shape our capacity to love. Oxford University Press, 1994. Karen notes data on “failure to thrive.” For example, in 1915, 31 to 75 percent of children’s deaths at ten eastern U.S. hospitals were attributed to failure to thrive.

McPherson, Miller, Lynn Smith-Lovin, and Matthew Brashears. Social isolation in America: Changes in core discussion networks over the two decades. American Sociological Review, 2006, vol. 71, pp. 353–375.

Mikulincer, Mario, and Phillip Shaver. Attachment in Adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change. Guilford Press, 2007.

Sternberg, Robert. Triangulating love. In The Psychology of Love, Robert Sternberg and Michael Barnes, editors, pp. 119–138. Yale University Press, 1989.

Uchino, Bert. Social Support and Physical Health: Understanding the health consequences of relationships. Yale University Press, 2004.

Uchino, Bert, John Cacioppo, William B. Malarkey, Ronald M. Glaser, and Janice Kiecolt-Glaser. Appraised support predicts age-related differences in cardiovascular function in women. Health Psychology, 1995, vol. 14, pp. 556–562.

Whitehead, Barbara, and David Popenoe. The State of Our Unions. Report from Rutgers University National Marriage project, 2001. Notes that women reported that they wanted men who could share their feelings and that this was a priority for them. In 1967, by contrast, three-quarters of college women said they would marry a man they did not love if he met other criteria, mostly connected to the ability to support a family.

Chapter 2: Attachment: The Key to Love

Bartholomew, Kim, and Colleen Allison. An attachment perspective on abusive dynamics in intimate relationships. In Dynamics of Romantic Love: Attachment, caregiving, and sex, Mario Mikulincer and Gail Goodman, editors, pp. 102–127. Guilford Press, 2006. Notes that anxiously attached male partners often become violent at breakup.

Blum, Deborah. Love at Goon Park: Harry Harlow and the science of affection. Perseus Publishing, 2002.

Bowlby, John. A Secure Base: Clinical applications of attachment theory. Basic Books, 1988.

——. Attachment and Loss, vol. 1: Attachment. Basic Books, 1969.

——. Attachment and Loss, vol. 2: Separation: Anxiety and anger. Basic Books, 1973.

——. Forty-Four Juvenile Thieves: Their characters and home life. Bailliere, Tindall & Cox, 1944.

Cassidy, Jude, and Phillip R. Shaver, editors. Handbook of Attachment: Theory, research, and clinical implications. Guilford Press, 2008.

Coan, James A., Hillary S. Schaefer, and Richard J. Davidson. Lending a hand: Social regulation of the neural response to threat. Psychological Science, 2006, vol. 17, pp. 1032–1039.

Davis, Deborah, Phillip R. Shaver, and Michael Vernon. Physical, emotional, and behavioral reactions to breaking up: The roles of gender, age, emotional involvement, and attachment style. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2003, vol. 29, pp. 871–884.

Hazan, Cindy, and Phillip R. Shaver. Love and work: An attachment-theoretical perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1990, vol. 59, pp. 270–280. Notes the three-category measure of attachment security used in the experiment at the end of the chapter.

——. Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1987, vol. 52, pp. 511–524.

Johnson, Susan M. Attachment theory: A guide for healing couple relationships. In Adult Attachment, W. S. Rholes and J. A. Simpson, editors, pp. 367–387. Guilford Press, 2004.

Karen, Robert. Becoming Attached: First relationships and how they shape our capacity to love. Oxford University Press, 1998. Summarizes the history of attachment theory.

Lewis, Thomas, Fari Amini, and Richard Lannon. A General Theory of Love. Vintage Books, 2000.

Mikulincer, Mario, Gillad Hirschberger, Orit Nachmias, and Omri Gillath. The affective component of the secure base schema: Affective priming with representations of attachment security. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2001, vol. 81, pp. 305–321.

Mikulincer, Mario, and Phillip R. Shaver. Adult Attachment: Structure, dynamics, and change. Guilford Press, 2007. Summarizes the basic concepts and supporting research of adult bonding.

Panksepp, Jaak. Affective Neuroscience: The foundations of animal and human emotions. Oxford University Press, 1998.

Sbarra, David. Predicting the onset of emotional recovery following non-marital relationship dissolution: Survival analyses of sadness and anger. Personality and Social Psychological Bulletin, 2006, vol. 32, pp. 298–312.

Simpson, Jeffry, Andrew Collins, SiSi Tran, and Katherine Haydon. Attachment and the experience and expression of emotions in romantic relationships: A developmental perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2007, vol. 92, pp. 355–367.

Simpson, Jeffry, William Rholes, and Julia Nelligan. Support seeking and support giving in couples in an anxiety provoking situation: The role of attachment styles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1992, vol. 62, pp. 434–446.

Simpson, Jeffry, William Rholes, and Dede Phillips. Conflict in close relationships: An attachment perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1996, vol. 71, pp. 899–914.

Suomi, Stephen. Attachment in rhesus monkeys. In Handbook of Attachment, Jude Cassidy and Phillip R. Shaver, editors, pp. 173–191. Guilford Press, 2008.

van den Boom, Dymphna. The influence of temperament and mothering on attachment and exploration: An experimental manipulation of sensitive responsiveness among lower-class mothers with irritable infants. Child Development, 1994, vol. 65, pp. 1457–1477.

Wilson, Edward. Consilience: The unity of knowledge. Vintage Books, 1998.

Part Two: The New Science of Love

Chapter 3: The Emotions

Coan, James A., Hillary S. Schaefer, and Richard J. Davidson. Lending a hand: Social regulation of the neural response to threat. Psychological Science, 2006, vol. 17, pp. 1032–1039.

Damasio, Antonio. Descartes’ Error: Emotion, reason, and the human brain. Putnam, 1994.

Darwin, Charles. The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals. John Murray, 1872. Notes Darwin’s habit of visiting the puff adder cage at the London zoo.

DeWall, C. Nathan, et al. Acetaminophen reduces social pain: Behavioral and neural evidence. Psychological Science, 2010, vol. 21, pp. 931–937.

Eisenberger, Naomi I., and Matthew D. Lieberman. Why rejection hurts: A common neural alarm system for physical and emotional pain. Trends in Cognitive Science, 2004, vol. 8, pp. 294–300.

Eisenberger, Naomi I., Matthew D. Lieberman, and Kipling D. Williams. Does rejection hurt? An fMRI study of social exclusion. Science, 2003, vol. 302, pp. 290–293.

Ekman, Paul. Emotions Revealed. Henry Holt, 2003.

Eugenides, Jeffrey. Middlesex: A novel. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2002.

Frederickson, Barbara L. The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 2001, vol. 56, pp. 218–226.

Frijda, Nico H. The Emotions. Cambridge University Press, 1986.

Goldin, Philippe R., Kateri McRae, Wiveka Ramel, and James J. Gross. The neural bases of emotion regulation: Reappraisal and suppression of negative emotion. Biological Psychiatry, 2008, vol. 63, pp. 577–586.

Jack, Rachel E., Roberto Caldara, and Philippe G. Schyns. Internal representations reveal cultural diversity in expectations of facial expressions of emotion. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2012, vol. 141, pp. 19–25. Notes evidence that culture affects the facial feature we focus on.

Johnson, Susan M., James A. Coan, M. M. Burgess, L. Beckes, A. Smith, T. Dalgleish, R. Halchuk, K. Hasselmo, P. S. Greenman, and Z. Merali. Soothing the threatened brain: Leveraging contact comfort with emotionally focused therapy. PLOS One, in press.

LeDoux, Joseph E. The Emotional Brain: The mysterious underpinnings of emotional life. Simon & Schuster, 1996.

Lehky, Sidney R. Fine discrimination of faces can be performed rapidly. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2000, vol. 12, pp. 848–855. Notes evidence that the detection and processing of the smallest change of expression on another’s face occurs instantaneously.

Lieberman, Matthew, et al. Putting feelings into words: Affect labeling disrupts amygdala activity in response to affective stimuli. Psychological Science, 2007, vol. 18, pp. 421–428. Notes how the act of naming calms emotions.

Oatley, Keith. Emotions: A brief history. Blackwell, 2004.

Panksepp, Jaak. Affective Neuroscience: The foundations of animal and human emotions. Oxford University Press, 1998.

Schore, Alan N. Affect Regulation and the Repair of the Self. Norton, 2003.

Shaver, Phillip R., and Mario Mikulincer. Adult attachment strategies and the regulation of emotion. In Handbook of Emotion Regulation, James J. Gross, editor, pp. 446–465. Guilford Press, 2007.

Stenberg, Georg, Susanne Wiking, and Mats Dahl. Judging words at face value: Interference in a word processing task reveals automatic processing of affective facial expressions. Cognition and Emotion, 1998, vol. 12, pp. 755–782. Notes evidence that observers unconsciously mirror and synchronously (within 300 milliseconds) match the facial changes of another person.

Tronick, Edward Z. Dyadically expanded states of consciousness and the process of therapeutic change. Infant Mental Health Journal, 1998, vol. 19, pp. 290–299.

Young, Paul T. Emotion in Man and Animal: Its nature and relation to attitude and motive. Wiley, 1943. Notes the author’s view that emotion involves the loss of cerebral control and all sense of conscious purpose.

Chapter 4: The Brain

Buchheim, Anna, et al. Oxytocin enhances the experience of attachment security. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2009, vol. 34, pp. 1417–1422.

Campbell, Anne. Oxytocin and human social behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2010, vol. 14, pp. 281–295. Summarizes oxytocin’s ability to enhance attachment and trust, improve social memory, and reduce fear.

Carter, C. Sue. Neuroendocrine perspectives on social attachment and love. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 1998, vol. 23, pp. 779–818. Summarizes the impact of oxytocin on bonding.

Carter, Rita, Susan Aldridge, Martyn Page, Steve Parker, and Chris Frith. The Human Brain Book. Dorling Kindersley, 2009. Offers an overview of the basic structure of the brain.

Chugani, Harry, Michael Behen, Otto Muzik, Csaba Juhasz, Ferenc Nagy, and Diane Chugani. Local brain functional activity following early deprivation: A study of post-institutionalized Romanian orphans. Neuroimage, 2001, vol. 14, pp. 1290–1301.

Cohen, Michael X., and Phillip R. Shaver. Avoidant attachment and hemispherical lateralization of the processing of attachment and emotion-related words. Cognition and Emotion, 2004, vol. 18, pp. 799–813. Notes that avoidant folks make more errors of interpretation, even in response to positive cues and emotions, than others do.

Cozolino, Louis J. The Neuroscience of Human Relationships: Attachment and the developing social brain. Norton, 2006.

de Waal, Frans. The Age of Empathy: Nature’s lessons for a kinder society. Harmony Books, 2009.

Diamond, Lisa M. Contributions of psychophysiology to research on adult attachment: Review and recommendations. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2001, vol. 5, pp. 276–295. Article summarizes the antistress effects of oxytocin.

Dick, Danielle M., et al. CHRM2, parental monitoring, and adolescent externalizing behavior: Evidence for gene environment interaction. Psychological Science, 2011, vol. 22, pp. 481–489.

Ditzen, Beate, Marcel Schaer, Barbara Gabriel, Guy Bodenmann, Ulrike Ehlert, and Markus Heinrichs. Intranasal oxytocin increases positive communication and reduces cortisol levels during couple conflict. Biological Psychiatry, 2009, vol. 65, pp. 728–731.

Domes, Gregor, Markus Heinrichs, Andre Michel, Christoph Berger, and Sabine C. Herpertz. Oxytocin improves “mind-reading” in humans. Biological Psychiatry, 2007, vol. 61, pp. 731–733.

Ellis, Bruce J., Marilyn J. Essex, and W. Thomas Boyce. Biological sensitivity to context: II. Empirical explorations of an evolutionary-developmental theory. Development & Psychopathology, 2005, vol. 17, pp. 303–328. Notes the “orchid children” research.

Feeney, Brook, and Nancy Collins. Motivations for caregiving in adult intimate relationships: Influences on caregiving behavior and relationship functioning. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2003, vol. 29, pp. 950–968.

Freeman, Walter J. How Brains Make Up Their Minds. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1999.

Gillath, Omri, Silvia A. Bunge, Phillip R. Shaver, Carter Wendelken, and Mario Mikulincer. Attachment style differences in the ability to suppress negative thoughts: Exploring the neural correlates. Neuroimage, 2005, vol. 28, pp. 835–847.

Hebb, Donald. O. The Organization of Behavior: A neuropsychological theory. Wiley, 1949.

Hofer, Myron. Psychobiological roots of early attachment. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2006, vol. 15, pp. 84–88. Notes that physiological regulation through the expression of emotion—for example, by a mother’s soft voice and tender touch—shapes a child’s general ways of regulating emotion. The child learns he can calm down and that emotion is workable.

Iacoboni, Marco. Imitation, empathy, and mirror neurons. Annual Review of Psychology, 2009, vol. 60, pp. 653–670.

——. Mirroring People: The new science of how we connect with others. Picador, 2008.

Joseph, Rhawn. Environmental influences on neural plasticity, the limbic system, emotional development, and attachment: A review. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 1999, vol. 29, pp. 189–208. Notes that social interactions grow our brains. Early institutionalization leads to decreased brain connectivity, especially between the amygdala and frontal cortex, the areas involved in development of social behavior in primates.

Kosfield, Michael, Markus Heinrichs, Paul J. Zak, Urs Fischbacher, and Ernst Fehr. Oxytocin increases trust in humans. Nature, 2005, vol. 435, pp. 673–676.

Liu, Dong, et al. Maternal care, hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to stress. Science, 1997, vol. 277, pp. 1659–1661. Discusses research by Michael Meaney and his team.

Liu, Yan, Kimberly A. Young, J. Thomas Curtis, Brandon J. Aragona, and Zuoxin Wang. Social bonding decreases the rewarding properties of amphetamine through a dopamine D1 receptor-mediated mechanism. The Journal of Neuroscience, 2001, vol. 31, pp. 7960–7966.

Mikulincer, Mario, Tamar Dolev, and Phillip R. Shaver. Attachment-related strategies during thought suppression: Ironic rebounds and vulnerable self-representations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2004, vol. 87, pp. 940–956.

Mikulincer, Mario, and Phillip R. Shaver, editors. Prosocial Motives, Emotions, and Behavior: The better angels of our nature. APA Press, 2010. Notes the evolutionary function of empathy.

Pascual-Leone, Alvaro, and Roy Hamilton. The metamodal organization of the brain. In Vision: From neurons to cognition, vol. 134 of Progress in Brain Research, C. Casanova and M. Ptito, editors, pp. 427–445. Elsevier, 2001. Notes that the visual cortex processes auditory and tactile signals.

Powers, Sally I., Paula R. Pietromonaco, Meredith Gunlicks, and Aline Sayer. Dating couples’ attachment styles and patterns of cortisol reactivity and recovery in response to a relationship conflict. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2006, vol. 90, pp. 613–628. Notes that insecurity is linked to greater reactions to stress.

Rizzolatti, Giacomo, and Laila Craighero. The mirror-neuron system. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 2004, vol. 27, pp. 169–192.

Schore, Alan N. Effects of a secure attachment relationship on right brain development, affect regulation, and infant mental health. Infant Mental Health Journal, 2001, vol. 22, pp. 7–66.

Schwarz, Jaclyn M., Mark R. Hutchinson, and Staci D. Bilbo. Early-life experience decreases drug-induced reinstatement of morphine CPP in adulthood via microglial-specific epigenetic programming of anti-inflammatory IL-10 expression. The Journal of Neuroscience, 2011, vol. 31, pp. 17835–17847. Summarizes the Duke University study showing that touch impacts interleukin 10.

Singer, Tania. The neuronal basis and ontogeny of empathy and mind reading: Review of literature and implications for future research. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 2006, vol. 30, pp. 855–863.

Singer, Tania, Ben Seymour, John O’Doherty, Holger Kaube, Raymond Dolan, and Chris D. Frith. Empathy for pain involves the affective but not sensory components of pain. Science, 2004, vol. 303, pp. 1157–1162.

Stern, Daniel N. The Present Moment in Psychotherapy and Everyday Life. Norton, 2004.

Suomi, Stephen J. How gene-environment interactions shape biobehavioral development: Lessons from studies in rhesus monkeys. Research in Human Development, 2004, vol. 1, pp. 205–222.

——. Mother-infant attachment, peer relationships, and the development of social networks in rhesus monkeys. Human Development, 2005, vol. 48, pp. 67–79.

Theodoridou, Angelik, Angela C. Rowe, Ian S. Penton-Voak, and Peter J. Rogers. Oxytocin and social perception: Oxytocin increases perceived facial trustworthiness and attractiveness. Hormones and Behavior, vol. 56, pp. 128–132.

Tomasello, Michael, and Malinda Carpenter. Shared intentionality. Developmental Science, 2007, vol. 10, pp. 121–125. Notes that empathy helps cooperation.

Trevarthen, Colwyn. The functions of emotion in infancy: The regulation and communication of rhythm, sympathy, and meaning in human development. In The Healing Power of Emotion, Diana Fosha, Daniel J. Siegel, and Marion Solomon, editors, pp. 55–85. Norton, 2009. Discusses the concept of “prototypical conversations.” The term was first used by the noted American anthropologist Mary Catherine Bateson.

Vicary, Amanda M., and R. Chris Fraley. Choose your own adventure: Attachment dynamics in a simulated relationship. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2007, vol. 33, pp. 1279–1291.

Chapter 5: The Body

ANSA (Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata). Italian men suffer “sexual anorexia” after Internet porn use. La Gazzetta del Mezzogiorno.it, March 4, 2013. Cites a recent survey conducted by Carlo Foresta of the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine on Internet porn use and erectile dysfunction and loss of libido in men.

Basson, Rosemary. The female sexual response: A different model. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 2000, vol. 26, pp. 51–65.

——. Women’s sexual desire and arousal disorders. Primary Psychiatry, 2008, vol. 15, pp. 72–81.

Birnbaum, Gurit E. Attachment orientations, sexual functioning, and relationship satisfaction in a community sample of women. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 2007, vol. 24, pp. 21–35.

——. Beyond the borders of reality: Attachment orientations and sexual fantasies. Personal Relationships, 2007, vol. 14, pp. 321–342. Notes links between “solace sex” and sexual fantasies.

Birnbaum, Gurit E., Mario Mikulincer, and Omri Gillath. In and out of a daydream: Attachment orientations, daily couple interactions, and sexual fantasies. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2011, vol. 37, pp. 1398–1410. Summarizes the contribution of attachment orientations to the content of daily sexual fantasies.

Birnbaum, Gurit E., Harry T. Reis, Mario Mikulincer, Omri Gillath, and Ayala Orpaz. When sex is more than just sex: Attachment orientations, sexual experience, and relationship quality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2006, vol. 91, pp. 929–943. Notes that attachment anxiety amplifies the effects of positive and negative sexual experiences on relationship interactions and that attachment avoidance inhibits the positive effects of having sex; also notes the detrimental effects of unsatisfying sex.

Bogaert, Anthony F., and Stan Sadava. Adult attachment and sexual behavior. Personal Relationships, 2002, vol. 9, pp. 191–204. Notes that secure partners feel more efficacious in sex: they believe the quality of the sex is mostly a reflection of them, not the situation.

Brennan, Kelly A., and Phillip R. Shaver. Dimensions of adult attachment, affect regulation, and romantic relationship functioning. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1995, vol. 21, pp. 267–283. Notes that those with a secure orientation prefer sex in a committed relationship and view expressing love as part of sex.

Brotto, Lori A. The DSM diagnostic criteria for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 2010, vol. 39, pp. 221–239. Notes that physical readiness for sex, such as engorgement of genital tissue, often does not translate into the experience of desire for women.

Castleman, Michael. Desire in women: Does it lead to sex? Or result from it? Psychology Today online, 2009. Available at http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/all-about-sex/200907/desire-in-women-does-it-lead-sex-or-result-it.

Davis, Deborah, Phillip R. Shaver, and Michael L. Vernon. Attachment style and subjective motivations for sex. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2004, vol. 30, pp. 1076–1090.

Feeney, Judith A., Candida Peterson, Cynthia Gallois, and Deborah J. Terry. Attachment style as a predictor of sexual attitudes and behavior in late adolescence. Psychology & Health, 2000, vol. 14, pp. 1105–1122.

Gillath, Omri, and Melanie Canterbury. Neural correlates of exposure to subliminal and supraliminal sex cues. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 2012, vol. 7, pp. 924–936.

Gillath, Omri, Mario Mikulincer, Gurit E. Birnbaum, and Phillip R. Shaver. When sex primes love: Subliminal sexual priming motivates relationship goal pursuit. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2008, vol. 34, pp. 1057–1069.

Harding, Anne. Rosemary Basson: Working to normalize women’s sexual reality. The Lancet, 2007, vol. 369, p. 363.

Hill, Craig A., and Leslie K. Preston. Individual differences in the experience of sexual motivation: Theory and measurement of dispositional sexual motives. Journal of Sex Research, 1996, vol. 33, pp. 27–45. Summarizes information on AMORE (Affective and Moral Orientation Related to Erotic Arousal), a scale for the measurement of motives for sex.

Hurlemann, René, et al. Oxytocin modulates social distance between males and females. The Journal of Neuroscience, 2012, vol. 32, pp. 16074–16079.

Impett, Emily A., Amie M. Gordon, and Amy Strachman. Attachment and daily sex goals: A study of dating couples. Personal Relationships, 2008, vol. 15, pp. 375–390. Notes that the very anxiously attached, even when they do not feel desire, are more likely to engage in sex because their partner wants it and that avoidant partners often engage in sex to avoid conflict and not to express love.

Insel, Thomas R., and Leslie E. Shapiro. Oxytocin receptor distribution reflects social organization in monogamous and polygamous voles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1992, vol. 89, pp. 5981–5985.

Johnson, Paul M., and Paul J. Kenny. Dopamine D2 receptors in addiction-like reward dysfunction and compulsive eating in obese rats. Nature Neuroscience, 2010, vol. 13, pp. 635–641.

Johnson, Susan M. Hold Me Tight: Seven conversations for a lifetime of love. Little, Brown, 2008. Summarizes, for the first time, synchrony, solace, and sealed-off sex as approaches to sex typified by different motivations and attachment orientations.

Kinsey, Alfred C., Wardell B. Pomeroy, and Clyde E. Martin. Sexual Behavior in the Human Male. W. B. Saunders Company, 1948.

Kinsey, Alfred C., Wardell B. Pomeroy, Clyde E. Martin, and Paul H. Gebhard. Sexual Behavior in the Human Female. Indiana University Press, 1953.

Laan, Ellen, Walter Everaerd, Janneke van der Velde, and James H. Greer. Determinants of subjective experiences of sexual arousal in women: Feedback from genital arousal and erotic stimulus content. Psychophysiology, 1995, vol. 32, pp. 441–451.

Laumann, Edward O., John H. Gagnon, Robert T. Michael, and Stuart Michaels. The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual practices in the United States. University of Chicago Press, 1994. In the authors’ national survey, 11 percent of women and 24 percent of men admitted engaging in extramarital sex.

Laumann, Edward O., and Robert T. Michael. Sex, Love, and Health in America: Private choices and public policies. University of Chicago Press, 2001.

Laumann, Edward O., Anthony Paik, and Raymond C. Rosen. Sexual dysfunction in the United States: Prevalence and predictors. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1999, vol. 281, pp. 537–544.

Maltz, Wendy, and Larry Maltz. The Porn Trap: The essential guide to overcoming problems caused by pornography. HarperCollins, 2008.

Marcus, I. David. Men who are not in control of their sexual behavior. In Handbook of Clinical Sexuality for Mental Health Professionals, S. Levine, C. Risen, and S. Althof, editors, pp. 383–400. Brunner/Routledge, 2003. Notes that 6 to 8 percent of men are addicted to sex.

Masters, William H., and Virginia E. Johnson. Human Sexual Response. Bantam, 1966. Human Sexual Inadequacy. Little, Brown, 1970. These books summarize the first laboratory studies of the anatomy and physiology of human sexual response and define the four stages of sex as desire, arousal, orgasm, and resolution.

McCarthy, Barry, and Emily McCarthy. Rekindling Desire. Brunner/Routledge, 2003.

McCarthy, Barry W., and Michael E. Metz. Men’s Sexual Health: Fitness for satisfying sex. Routledge, 2007.

Meston, Cindy M., and David M. Buss. Why humans have sex. Archives of Sexual Behaviour, 2007, vol. 36, pp. 477–507.

Meyers, Laurie. The Eternal Question: Does love last? APA Monitor, 2007, vol. 38, pp. 44–47. Contains quotation by Elaine Hatfield.

Michael, Robert T., John H. Gagnon, Edward O. Laumann, and Gina Kolata. Sex in America: A definitive survey. Little, Brown, 1994.

Tiefer, Leonore. Sexual behaviour and its medicalisation. British Medical Journal, 2002, vol. 325, p. 45. Notes that sex can be viewed as digestion or as a dance between intimates.

TopTenReviews. Internet Pornography Statistics, 2013. Available at: http://internet-filter-review.toptenreviews.com/internet-pornography-statistics.html.

Part Three: Love in Action

Chapter 6: Love across Time

AARP (formerly American Association of Retired Persons). The Divorce Experience: A study of divorce at midlife and beyond. Conducted for AARP The Magazine. AARP, 2004.

Atkinson, Leslie, Susan Goldberg, Vaishali Ravel, David Pederson, Diane Benoit, Greg Moran, Lori Poulton, Natalie Myhal, Michael Zwiers, Karin Gleason, and Eman Leung. On the relation between maternal state of mind and sensitivity in the prediction of infant attachment security. Developmental Psychology, 2005, vol. 41, pp. 42–53.

Beckes, Lane, Jeffry A. Simpson, and Alyssa Erickson. Of snakes and succor: Learning secure attachment associations with novel faces via negative stimulus pairings. Psychological Science, 2010, vol. 21, pp. 721–728.

Brown, Susan, and Lin I-Fen. Divorce in Middle and Later Life: New estimates from the 2008 American community survey. Bowling Green State University. Notes the prevalence of divorce in mature adults.

Cowan, Carolyn Pape, and Philip A. Cowan, When Partners Become Parents: The big life change for couples. Erlbaum Associates, 2000.

Eastwick, Paul W., and Eli J. Finkel. The attachment system in fledgling relationships: An activating role for attachment anxiety. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2008, vol. 95, pp. 628–647.

Friedman, Howard S., and Leslie R. Martin. The Longevity Project: Surprising discoveries for health and long life from the landmark eight-decade study. Penguin, 2011.

Gottman, John M., and Julie Schwartz Gottman. And Baby Makes Three: The six-step plan for preserving marital intimacy and rekindling romance after baby arrives. Crown, 2007. Notes that marital satisfaction drops in two-thirds of couples when the first child arrives.

Hall, Scott S., and Rebecca A. Adams. Cognitive coping strategies of newlyweds adjusting to marriage. Marriage & Family Review, 2011, vol. 47, pp. 311–325.

Huston, Ted L., John P. Caughlin, Renate M. Houts, Shanna E. Smith, and Laura J. George. The connubial crucible: Newlywed years as predictors of marital delight, distress, and divorce. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2001, vol. 80, pp. 237–252.

Mancini, Anthony D., and George A. Bonanno. Marital closeness, functional disability, and adjustment in late life. Psychology and Aging, 2006, vol. 21, pp. 600–610.

McLean, Linda M., Tara Walton, Gary Rodin, Mary J. Esplen, and Jennifer M. Jones. A couple-based intervention for patients and caregivers facing end-stage cancer: Outcomes of a randomized controlled trial. Psycho-Oncology, 2013, vol. 22, pp. 28–38.

Misri, Shaila, Xanthoula Kostaras, Don Fox, and Demetra Kostaras. The impact of partner support in the treatment of postpartum depression. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 2000, vol. 45, pp. 554–558.

Ravel, Vaishali, Susan Goldberg, Leslie Atkinson, Diane Benoit, Natalie Myhal, Lori Poulton, and Michael Zwiers. Maternal attachment, infant responsiveness, and infant attachment. Infant Behavior and Development, 2001, vol. 24, pp. 281–304. Notes that anxious and avoidant attachment styles in mothers affect how they care for their children and how secure their children become.

Rholes, W. Steven, Jamie L. Kohn, A. McLeish Martin III, Jeffry A. Simpson, Carol L. Wilson, SiSi Tran, and Deborah A. Kashy. Attachment orientations and depression: A longitudinal study of new parents. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2011, vol. 100, pp. 567–586.

Rosand, Gun-Mette B., Kari Slinning, Malin Eberhard-Gran, Espen Roysamb, and Kristian Tamb. Partner relationship satisfaction and maternal emotional distress in early pregnancy. BMC Public Health, 2011, vol. 11, pp. 161–173. Notes the impact of postpartum depression.

Shapiro, Alyson F., and John M. Gottman. Effects on marriage of a psycho-communication-educational intervention with couples undergoing transition to parenthood: Evaluation at one year post-intervention. Journal of Family Communication, 2005, vol. 5, pp. 1–24.

Shapiro, Alyson F., John M. Gottman, and Sybil Carrere. The baby and the marriage: Identifying factors that buffer against decline in marital satisfaction after the first baby arrives. Journal of Family Psychology, 2000, vol. 14, pp. 59–70.

Taylor, Paul, et al. The Decline of Marriage and Rise of New Families. Pew Research Center, 2010.

Uchino, Bert N., John T. Cacioppo, and Janice Kiecolt-Glaser. The relationship between social support and physiological processes: A review with emphasis on underlying mechanisms and implications for health. Psychological Bulletin, 1996, vol. 119, pp. 488–531.

Chapter 7: Unraveling Bonds

Bowlby, John. The Making and Breaking of Affectional Bonds. Routledge, 1979. Notes the concept of deprivation.

Eastwick, Paul W., and Eli J. Finkel. Sex differences in mate preferences revisited: Do people really know what they initially desire in a romantic partner? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2008, vol. 94, pp. 245–264.

Eldridge, Katherine A., and Andrew Christensen. Demand-withdraw communication during couple conflict: A review and analysis. In Understanding Marriage, Patricia Noller and Judith Feeney, editors, pp. 289–322. Cambridge University Press, 2002.

Feeney, Judith. Hurt feelings in couple relationships: Towards integrative models of negative effects of hurtful events. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 2004, vol. 21, pp. 487–508.

Fine, Cordelia. Delusions of Gender: How our minds, society, and neurosexism create difference. Norton, 2010.

Finkel, Eli J., Paul W. Eastwick, Benjamin Karney, Harry Reis, and Susan Sprecher. Online dating: A critical analysis from the perspective of psychological science. Psychological Science, 2012, vol. 13, pp. 3–66.

Gottman, John. Seven Principles for Making Marriage Work. Crown, 1999. Notes that stonewalling predicts divorce.

Gudrais, Elizabeth. When words hurt: How depression lingers. Harvard Magazine, July–August 2009. Notes the quote from Jill Hooley.

Heavey, Christopher L., Christopher Layne, and Andrew Christensen. Gender and conflict structure in marital interaction II: A replication and extension. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1993, vol. 61, pp. 16–27.

Herman, Judith Lewis. Trauma and Recovery. Basic Books, 1992, p. 54. Notes that abuse by attachment figures is a “violation of human connection.”

Hooley, Jill M., and Ian H. Gotlib. A diathesis-stress conceptualization of expressed emotion and clinical outcome. Applied and Preventative Psychology, 2000, vol. 9, pp. 135–151.

Hooley, Jill M., Staci A. Gruber, Laurie A. Scott, Jordan B. Hiller, and Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd. Activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in response to maternal criticism and praise in recovered depressed and healthy control participants. Biological Psychiatry, 2005, vol. 57, pp. 809–812.

Hooley, Jill M., and John D. Teasdale. Predictors of relapse in unipolar depressives: Expressed emotion, marital distress, and perceived criticism. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1989, vol. 98, pp. 229–235.

Huston, Ted L., John P. Caughlin, Renate M. Houts, Shanna E. Smith, and Laura J. George. The connubial crucible: Newlywed years as predictors of marital delight, distress, and divorce. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2001, vol. 80, pp. 237–252.

Hyde, Janet Shibley. The gender similarities hypothesis. American Psychologist, 2005, vol. 60, pp. 581–592.

Ickes, William. Everyday Mind Reading: Understanding what other people think and feel. Prometheus Books, 2003.

Johnson, Susan M. Emotionally Focused Therapy with Trauma Survivors: Strengthening attachment bonds. Guilford, 2002.

Johnson, Susan M., Judy A. Makinen, and John W. Millikin. Attachment injuries in couple relationships: A new perspective on impasses in couple therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 2001, vol. 27, pp. 145–155.

Pasch, Lauri A., and Thomas N. Bradbury. Social support, conflict, and the development of marital dysfunction. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1998, vol. 66, pp. 219–230.

Roberts, Linda J., and Danielle R. Greenberg. Observational windows to intimacy processes in marriage. In Understanding Marriage: Developments in the study of couple interaction, Patricia Noller and Judith Feeney, editors, pp. 118–149. Cambridge University Press, 2002.

Tronick, Ed. The Neurobehavioral and Social Emotional Development of Infants and Children. Norton, 2007.

Chapter 8: Renewing Bonds

Burgess-Moser, Melissa, Susan M. Johnson, Tracy L. Dalgleish, and Giorgio Tasca. The impact of blamer softening on romantic attachment in emotionally focused therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy. Study in review.

Cohen, Shiri, Robert J. Waldinger, Marc S. Schulz, and Emily Weiss. Eye of the beholder: The individual and dyadic contributions of empathic accuracy and perceived empathic effort to relationship satisfaction. Journal of Family Psychology, 2012, vol. 26, pp. 236–245.

Cohn, Jeffrey F., Reinaldo Matias, Edward Z. Tronick, David Connell, and Karlen Lyons-Ruth. Face-to-face interactions of depressed mothers and their infants. New Directions for Child Development, 1986, vol. 34, pp. 31–45.

Diamond, Lisa M. Contributions of psychophysiology to research on adult attachment: Review and recommendations. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2001, vol. 5, pp. 276–295.

Greenman, Paul S., and Susan M. Johnson. Process research on Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) for couples: Linking theory to practice. Family Process, 2013, vol. 52, pp. 46–61.

Halchuk, Rebecca E., Judy A. Makinen, and Susan M. Johnson. Resolving attachment injuries in couples using emotionally focused therapy: A three-year follow-up. Journal of Couple and Relationship Therapy, 2010, vol. 9, pp. 31–47.

Johnson, Susan M. Hold Me Tight: Conversations for connection. A facilitator’s guide. Ottawa Couple and Family Institute, 2009.

Makinen, Judy A., and Susan M. Johnson. Resolving attachment injuries in couples using EFT: Steps towards forgiveness and reconciliation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2006, vol. 74, pp. 1055–1064.

Murray, Sandra L., Dale W. Griffin, Jaye L. Derrick, Brianna Harris, Maya Aloni, and Sadie Leder. Tempting fate or inviting happiness? Unrealistic idealization prevents the decline of marital satisfaction. Psychological Science, 2011, vol. 22, pp. 619–626.

Roberts, Linda J., and Danielle R. Greenberg. Observational windows to intimacy processes in marriage. In Understanding Marriage: Developments in the study of couple interaction, Patricia Noller and Judith Feeney, editors, pp. 118–149. Cambridge University Press, 2002.

Salvatore, Jessica E., Sally I-Chun Kuo, Ryan D. Steele, Jeffry A. Simpson, and W. Andrew Collins. Recovering from conflict in romantic relationships: A developmental perspective. Psychological Science, 2011, vol. 22, pp. 376–383.

Tronick, Edward Z., and Jeffrey F. Cohn. Infant-mother face-to-face interaction: age and gender differences in coordination and the occurrence of miscoordination. Child Development, 1989, vol. 60, pp. 85–92.

Zuccarini, Dino, Susan M. Johnson, Tracy L. Dalgleish, and Judy A. Makinen. Forgiveness and reconciliation in emotionally focused therapy for couples: The client change process and therapist interventions. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 2013, vol. 39, pp. 148–162. Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2012.00287.x/abstract.

Part Four: The New Science Applied

Chapter 9: A Love Story

Burgess-Moser, Melissa, Susan M. Johnson, Tracy L. Dalgleish, and Giorgio Tasca. The impact of blamer softening on romantic attachment in emotionally focused therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy. Study in review.

Greenman, Paul S., and Susan M. Johnson. Process research on EFT for couples: Linking theory to practice. Family Process, 2013, vol. 52, pp. 46–61.

International Center of Excellence in Emotionally Focused Therapy. EFT Research, 2006, online at http://www.iceeft.com/EFTResearch.pdf. Contains a summary of EFT outcome and process-of-change research over the past twenty-five years.

Johnson, Susan M. Attachment theory: A guide for healing couple relationships. In Adult Attachment, W. S. Rholes and J. A. Simpson, editors, pp. 367–387. Guilford Press, 2004.

——. Hold Me Tight: Seven conversations for a lifetime of love. Little, Brown, 2008.

——. The Practice of Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy: Creating connection. Brunner/Routledge, 2004.

Johnson, Susan M., and Paul Greenman. The path to a secure bond. Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session, 2006, vol. 62, pp. 597–609.

Lebow, Jay L., Anthony L. Chambers, Andrew Christensen, and Susan M. Johnson. Research on the treatment of couple distress. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 2012, vol. 38, pp. 145–168.

Makinen, Judy A., and Susan M. Johnson. Resolving attachment injuries in couples using EFT: Steps towards forgiveness and reconciliation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2006, vol. 74, pp. 1055–1064.

Chapter 10: Love in the 21st Century

Administration for Children and Families (ACF). The Healthy Marriage Initiative: Myths and facts. US Department of Health and Human Services, 2005.

Broidy, Lisa M., Richard E. Tremblay, et al. Developmental trajectories of childhood disruptive behaviors and adolescent delinquency: A six-site, cross-national study. Developmental Psychology, 2003, vol. 39, pp. 222–245.

Cacioppo, John, and William Patrick. Loneliness: Human nature and the need for social connection. Norton, 2008.

Caldwell, Benjamin E., Scott R. Woolley, and Casey J. Caldwell. Preliminary estimates of cost-effectiveness of marital therapy. Journal of Marital & Family Therapy, 2007, vol. 33, pp. 392–405. Notes the costs of divorce.

Caprara, Gian V., Claudio Barbaranelli, Concetta Pastorelli, Albert Bandura, and Philip G. Zimbardo. Prosocial foundations of children’s academic achievement. Psychological Science, 2000, vol. 11, pp. 302–306.

Certain, Laura. Report on Television and Toddlers. Presented at the Pediatric Academic Societies annual meeting, Baltimore, April 30, 2003.

Davidovitz, Rivka, Mario Mikulincer, Phillip R. Shaver, Ronit Izsak, and Micha Popper. Leaders as attachment figures: Leaders’ attachment orientations predict leadership-related mental representations and followers’ performance and mental health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2007, vol. 93, pp. 632–650.

Dex, Shirley, and Colin Smith. The Nature and Pattern of Family-Friendly Employment Policies in Britain. Judge Institute of Management, Cambridge University: The Policy Press, 2002.

Diener, Ed, Richard Lucas, Ulrich Schimmack, and John F. Helliwell. Well-Being for Public Policy. Oxford University Press, 2009.

Dion, M. Robin. Healthy marriage programs: Learning what works. The Future of Children, 2005, vol. 15, pp. 139–156. Notes and describes the main marriage education programs used in the United States.

Earle, Alison, Zitha Mokomane, and Jody Heymann. International perspectives on work-family policies: Lessons from the world’s most competitive economies. The Future of Children, 2011, vol. 21, pp. 191–210. Notes that allowing people to take family-related leave actually helps economies and does not raise expenditures.

Flores, Philip J. Addiction as an Attachment Disorder. Jason Aronson/Rowman & Littlefield, 2004.

Gordon, Mary. Roots of Empathy: Changing the world child by child. Thomas Allen, 2007.

Grunfeld, Eva, Robert Glossop, Ian McDowell, and Catherine Danbrook. Caring for elderly people at home: The consequences to caregivers. Canadian Medical Association, 1997, vol. 157, pp. 1101–1105.

Halford, W. Kim. Marriage and Relationship Education: What works and how to provide it. Guilford Press, 2011.

Hamilton, Brady E., Joyce A. Martin, and Stephanie J. Ventura. Births: Preliminary data for 2007. National Vital Statistics Reports, vol. 57. [US] National Center for Health Statistics, 2009.

Harter, James K., Frank L. Schmidt, and Corey L. M. Keyes. Well-being in the workplace and its relationship to business outcomes: A review of the Gallup studies. In Flourishing: The positive person and the good life, Corey Keyes and Jonathon Haidt, editors, pp. 205–224. American Psychological Association, 2003.

Jacobs, Jane. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Random House, 1961.

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Kingston, Anne, with Alex Ballingall. Public display of disaffection: As “cell-fishness” hits an all-time high, a backlash against mobile devices includes outright bans. Maclean’s, September 15, 2011. Available at www2.macleans.ca/2011/09/15/public-display-of-disaffection/.

Klinenberg, Eric. I want to be alone: The rise and rise of solo living. The Guardian, March 30, 2012.

Kraus, Michael W., Cassie Huang, and Dacher Keltner. Tactile communication, cooperation, and performance: An ethological study of the NBA. Emotion, 2010, vol. 10, pp. 745–749.

Levy, Daniel. Love and Sex with Robots: The evolution of human-robot relationships. HarperCollins, 2007.

Logsdon, Mimia C., and Angela B. McBride. Social support and postpartum depression. Research in Nursing & Health, 1994, vol. 17, pp. 449–457.

McGregor, Holly A., Joel D. Leiberman, Jeff Greenberg, Sheldon Solomon, Jamie Arndt, Linda Simon, and Tom Pyszczynski. Terror management and aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1998, vol. 74, pp. 590–605.

Mikulincer, Mario, and Phillip R. Shaver. Attachment theory and inter-group bias: Evidence that priming secure base scheme attenuates negative reactions to out-groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2001, vol. 81, pp. 97–115.

——. Boosting attachment security to promote mental health, prosocial values, and inter-group tolerance. Psychological Inquiry, 2007, vol. 18, pp. 139–156.

Mikulincer, Mario, Phillip R. Shaver, Omri Gillath, and Rachel A. Nitzberg. Attachment, caregiving, and altruism: Boosting attachment security increases compassion and helping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2005, vol. 89, pp. 817–839.

Myers, Scott M., and Alan Booth. Marital strains and marital quality: The role of high and low locus of control. Journal of Marriage and Family, 1999, vol. 61, pp. 423–436.

Neal, David T., and Tanya L. Chartand. Embodied emotion perception: Amplifying and dampening facial feedback modulates emotion perception accuracy. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2011, vol. 2, pp. 673–678.

Olweus, Dan. Bullying at School: What we know and what we can do about it. Blackwell, 1993.

Ooms, Theodora, Stacey Bouchet, and Mary Parke. Beyond Marriage Licenses: Efforts in states to strengthen marriage and two-parent families. Center for Law and Social Policy, 2004.

Putnam, Robert D. Bowling Alone: The collapse and revival of American community. Simon & Schuster, 2000.

Romano, Elisa, Richard E. Tremblay, Frank Vitaro, Mark Zoccolillo, and Linda Pagani. Prevalence of psychiatric diagnosis and the role of perceived impairment: Findings from an adolescent community sample. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2001, vol. 42, pp. 451–461. Notes that one in five young people experience mental health problems.

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Sennett, Richard. Together: The rituals, pleasures, and politics of cooperation. Yale University Press, 2012.

Turkle, Sherry. Alone Together: Why we expect more from technology and less from each other. Basic Books, 2011.

UNICEF. Child poverty in perspective: An overview of child well-being in rich countries. Innocenti Report Card 7, 2007. Innocenti Research Centre, Florence, Italy.

Wright, Ronald. A Short History of Progress. House of Anansi Press, 2004.