INDEX

Addison, Joseph
advice literature 129–140
See also Education
Aiken, John 29, 43
Alembert, Jean Le Rond d’ 65
Almeria Belmore 87
American Revolution 42, 47, 63, 221–222 passim
Analytical Review 4, 8, 18, 24, 43, 51, 62, 82–98
titles of MW’s works
ancien régime 52, 54–57, 61–62, 70–75 passim, 143
Anti-Jacobin Review 1, 180, 181, 201
Arden, Jane 13, 15, 16
Armstrong, Nancy 121
asexuality See sex and sexuality
associationist psychology 24, 25, 27
Astell, Mary 104, 145, 146
Augustine of Hippo, St. 103, 115
Austen, Jane 8, 83, 86, 92, 141, 156–157, 189, 260
Mansfield Park 156
Northanger Abbey 19, 190
Pride and Prejudice 156
Sense and Sensibility 156
Bage, Robert
Man As He Is 93
Baillie, Joanna 27
Barbauld, Anna Letitia 25, 43, 45, 131–132, 141, 146, 152–154, 157, 164, 176–177, 180, 182
Appeal to the Opposers of the Repeal of the Corporation and Test Acts 153
“Essay on the Origin and Progress of Novel Writing” 146
Hymns in Prose for Children 153, 176
Lessons for Children 38
Poems 176
“The Rights of Woman” 153–154, 177–178
Sins of Government 154
Barker-Benfield, G. J. 266
Barlow, Ruth 232
Battersby, Christine 235
benevolence 45–46, 48, 53, 57, 148–149
Bentham, Jeremy 211
Bishop, Elizabeth Wollstonecraft (MW’s sister) 8, 9, 14, 15, 22, 232
marriage to Meredith Bishop 17
Blair, Hugh 8, 9, 234–235, 240–241
Letters on Rhetoric 8
Blake, William 2, 28, 132, 234
Marriage of Heaven and Hell, The 165
“Mary” 183–184
Songs of Innocence and Experience 44, 161
Blood, Fanny 13, 14, 16, 17, 212, 230–232
Blood, George 9, 13, 14, 18
bluestockings 10
Brissot de Warville, J.-P. 43
Travels to America 53
Brown, John 104
Burgh, Hannah 125
Burgh, James 42, 125
Thoughts on Education 126, 133
Burke, Edmund 3, 45–48 passim, 50, 51, 55, 57, 60, 61, 64, 111, 115, 128, 135, 137, 248
Reflections on the Revolution in France 19, 44, 55, 60, 62, 74, 122, 151, 181
Burney, Frances 8, 86, 200, 266
Burney, Sarah Harriet
Clarentine 86
Burns, Robert 234
Butler, Marilyn 257
Byron, George Gordon, sixth baron 8, 19
Carter, Elizabeth 10, 164
Ceaucescu, Nikolai and Elena 264
Chapone, Hester 121, 130, 132, 134
Letters on the Improvement of the Mind 121
Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, fourth earl of
Letters to His Son 136
Christie, Thomas 43, 49, 55, 65
Church of England 42, 59, 100, 155
citizenship 48–51
See also Public sphere
Cleland, John 231
Clifford, James
Cobb, Richard 163
Cobbett, William 57
coeducation See education
Constitution, English 47, 51, 61
Cott, Nancy 151
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor 45, 46, 50, 52, 57, 262
commerce 51, 53, 54, 57, 78, 102, 123, 128, 221
conduct books 106, 119–140 passim, 162, 170
See also education
Congreve, William 167
Corday, Charlotte 183
Cowley, Abraham 167
Cowper, William 132, 133, 164
The Task 164
Cristall, Ann 233
Day, Thomas 29
Sandford and Merton 29, 30, 32
deviance 1, 55, 163, 178–179, 228–243
and MW 234–243
Diderot, Denis 62
Dissenters 25, 42–44, 47, 59, 107, 108, 110, 111, 114, 123, 125–127, 131, 132, 135, 143, 152
Dissenting academies 28, 36, 42, 43, 131, 152
domesticity 25, 26, 35, 121–123, 126, 128, 147–148, 150
domestic bonds 34, 45, 46, 57
domestic education 34
domestic sphere as national sphere 147–152
Dryden, John 200
Fables 175, 185
State of Innocence 176
Duff, William 235–237 passim
Dyer, George 50, 182
“Ode on Liberty” 182
Dyson, George
Edgeworth, Maria 83, 92, 141, 155, 157, 177, 231
and Richard 27, 29, 34
Parent’s Assistant, The 38
Practical Education 27
Belinda 155–156
Edward and Harriet 89
Letters for Literary Ladies 155
education 4, 24–41, 49, 119–140, 142, 148
and duty 120–121
and gender 31
and National Schools 34–36, 63
MW’s role in 82–98
political nature of 75
reason and 26, 31, 39
effeminacy 43–44, 51–52, 54–55, 61, 74
See also gender
Elfenbein, Andrew 5
Elias, Norbert 152
Eliza Warwick 193
Elliot, Dorice 148
Ellison, Julie 215, 223
Enfield, William 28, 43
The Speaker 28, 131–132
English Reaction 8, 32, 39, 68, 155, 178
English Review, The 129
Enlightenment, Age of 22, 47, 53, 99, 107, 108, 119, 132, 133, 136, 141, 262
enthusiasm 59, 60, 62, 73, 78, 102, 114, 168
equality 32–36 passim, 53, 71, 75, 76, 141–146 passim, 152, 154, 171, 173
Evangelicals 105, 147, 149
Eve 109, 123, 126, 136, 150, 152, 162, 166, 169–172 passim, 176
exertion 210 ff.
Fair Hibernian, The 87
fancy 214–217
femininity 228–230 passim, 235–243
See also gender, modesty , propriety
feminism 22, 31, 39, 41
and advice literature 119–140
and education 24–41
and MW’s legacy 246–269
and MW’s literary reviews 82–98
and modernity 247
and women’s rights 24, 62, 63, 122, 134, 155, 247
of MW, compared to her female contemporaries 141–159
political traditions of 42–58
religious basis of MW’s 99–118
twentieth-century histories of 246–269
Fénelon, François
Instructions to a Governess 129
Fenn, Eleanor
Cobwebs to Catch Flies 38
Ferguson, Adam 51
Fielding, Henry 237
Flexner, Eleanor 253, 255
Fordyce, James 106, 137, 161, 228
Sermons to Young Women 122, 136, 137, 162
Franklin, Benjamin 42
French Revolution 2, 4, 8, 19, 32, 46, 47, 52, 54, 56, 59–80, 104, 135, 199, 221, 250–252
and Bastille 32, 38, 56, 59, 71, 73, 132
and Declaration of the Rights of Men and of Citizens 48, 55, 62
and French national character 54–55, 70–71, 73–75, 77, 78
and Girondins 65, 66
and Jacobins 24, 63, 65–67, 73, 180, 191
and March on Versailles 55, 60, 61, 72
and National Assembly 55, 62, 72–75
and terror 2, 19, 53, 55, 64, 67, 68, 199
Furniss, Tom 4
Fuseli, Henry 12, 13, 19, 64, 132, 165, 180, 229, 230, 232, 233
Gabell, Henry 9, 10, 18, 236
Gay, John 164, 167
gender
and civil humanism 48–52, 228
and education
and poetry 160–188
and religion 99–116
critiqued in MW’s Reviews 82–94
Genlis, Mme de (Stephanie-Felicité)
Tales of the Castle 132
genius 5, 22, 90–91, 190–191, 199
and liberty 240–241
and MW 57, 234–243
and radical circles 233–234
and sex/gender deviance 228–243
as above ideology 207
George, Margaret 253
Gleadle, Kathyrn 145
Glorious Revolution 42, 47, 59
Godwin, William 2, 7, 11–13, 19–22 passim, 26, 37, 43, 45, 46, 50, 52, 56, 84, 100, 101, 143, 165, 166, 190, 200, 202, 225, 232–234 passim, 250, 262
Memoirs 2, 3, 12, 13, 101, 102, 145, 154–155, 163, 183, 229–231, 237, 262
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 19
Sorrows of Young Werther 19, 20, 102
Golden Age 44, 47, 57
Goldman, Emma 249–251, 268
Gouges, Olympe de 62
Gray, Thomas
“Ode on a Distant Prospect” 161
“The Progress of Poetry” 183
Gregory, John 33, 106, 123, 133, 135, 137–138
and Scottish Enlightenment 133, 135
Comparative View of the State and Faculties of the Mind 132, 133
Father’s Legacy, A 119, 122, 133, 136, 160, 167, 202
Guest, Harriet 247, 267–268
Hardy, Thomas 68
Harrington, James 43
Hays, Mary 8, 10, 15, 22, 25, 101, 114, 141, 142–146, 157, 233, 267
Appeal to the Men of Great Britain 144
Cursory Remarks on an Enquiry 143
Emma Courtney 143
Female Biography 144, 145
Letters and Essays 143
Memoirs of Queens Illustrious and Celebrated 146
Victim of Prejudice 143, 144
Heloise 20
heteronormativity
and genius 228–245
and MW’s reception history 246 ff.
and narrative 192–207
and religion 112–116
heterosexuality 112, 134–137, 228–243
Holcroft, Thomas 132
Hollis, John 43
Holmes, Richard 232, 262–263
homosexuality 1, 55, 178–179, 228–243
Hume, David 44
Hutcheson, Francis 44, 45
Imlay, Gilbert 2, 10–13 passim, 15, 19–21, 67, 68, 77, 166, 180, 229, 230–232, 249–250
Inchbald, Elizabeth
independence 33, 37, 43, 45, 49, 50, 57, 125, 126, 128, 135, 138
Islam
women in 103, 162, 223
Israeli, Isaac D’ 236, 237
Jefferson, Thomas 42
Joan of Arc 183
Johnson, Claudia L. 156, 238, 248, 266–268 passim
Johnson, Joseph 9, 11, 12, 15, 18, 25, 26, 28, 43, 59, 64, 82–84, 130–132, 183
Johnson, Samuel 3, 90, 164, 191, 200
Rasselas 191–192, 198
Jones, Chris 4
Jones, Vivien 4
Jump, Harriet 26
Kaplan, Cora 2, 113
Kay, Carol 3
Kelly, Gary 206, 264–265
Kingsborough, Lord and Lady 18, 28, 29, 234
Knowles, E. H. 12
Knowles, John 12, 13
Lady’s Magazine, The 129, 130
Lavater, Thomas
Aphorisms on Man 132
lesbianism 155, 229, 232, 236–238, 257, 261, 265
Levine, David 163
liberty 42, 44, 47, 49, 50, 52, 59–61 passim, 66, 73, 75, 76, 108, 109, 126, 132, 135, 137, 180, 182, 211, 221
Lindsay, Anne 184
Lloyd, Genevieve 83
Locke, John 24, 29, 34, 46–49 passim, 108, 127, 141, 192
and education 26–27, 31, 38, 131
Second Treatise of Government 60
Some Thoughts Concerning Education 24, 26, 125
Longinus 240–241
Louis XVI (King of France) 64, 65, 251
court of 70
execution of 66
luxury 51–54, 61, 71, 123, 134
Macaulay, Catharine 11, 25, 39, 42, 43, 45, 47, 55, 145, 146, 182, 232, 240
Letters on Education 25, 32
MacKenzie, Henry
Man of Feeling 197
Marguerite (MW’s maid) 232
Marie Antoinette (Queen of France) 49, 61, 62, 67
as actress 70
marriage 120, 124, 126, 134, 235–239, 241–243
Mason, Michael 151
masculinity 51, 228, 229, 235, 237
See also gender
Mathias, T. J.
Pursuits of Literature 180
Merrick, James 164
Mellor, Ann 5
Mill, John Stuart 2
Millar, John 51
Milton, John 4, 19, 109, 115, 126, 130, 135, 136, 150, 165, 167, 168, 217
Paradise Lost 109, 123, 160, 162, 164, 169, 170 ff., 185
misogyny 103, 128, 163, 166, 167, 173
modesty 33, 35, 36, 39, 116, 131, 142, 148, 155, 178, 181
Modleski, Tania 260
Montague, Lady Mary Wortley 10
Monthly Magazine 167
Monthly Review 225
Moore, Edward 164
Fables for the Fair Sex 127
More, Hannah 25, 37, 104, 105, 121, 123, 141, 147–152, 153, 156, 157, 260, 267
Coelebs in Search of a Wife 148, 150–151, 170–171, 179
Essays on Various Subjects 148
“Sensibility” 149
Strictures on Female Education 37, 148, 150–152 passim
Moses 169
motherhood 35, 37–38
and education 25, 26, 38, 84, 151
as duty 120, 123 ff., 134, 150
as normative basis of solidarity 198 ff.
Myers, Mitzi 4, 147, 151, 190, 258
nature 160 ff.
Nixon, Edna 253
nonconformity See Dissenters
Norman, Elizabeth
Child of Woe, The 86
Opie, Amelia Alderson 7, 15, 232
Opie, John 232
Orleans, Duke d’ (Philippe Égalité) 55
Ovid
Heroides 20
Owen, Robert 57, 258
Paine, Thomas 42, 43, 46, 47, 55, 65, 180, 205
Age of Reason, The 47
Common Sense 47
Rights of Man, The 51
Paul, St. 104
Pennell, Elizabeth Robins 2, 12
Pennington, Sarah 124, 126, 130
Unfortunate Mother’s Advice to Her Absent Daughters, An 124
Percy, Thomas 164
periodicals 128, 129, 131, 133
philanthropy See benevolence
Pinkerton, Miss 21
Plato 115
Platonic Marriage 193
politeness 44, 54–55
and literature of advice 128 ff.
Polwhele, Richard 1, 163, 178–180
Poovey, Mary 113, 121, 258–259
Pope, Alexander 4, 85, 128, 132, 155, 165, 167, 175
“Epistle to a Lady” 127, 165, 174, 176
Essay on Man 165
Rape of the Lock 153
Price, Richard 3, 25, 43–45 passim, 50, 53, 59, 60, 107, 108, 125
Discourse on the Love of Our Country 59
Observations on the Nature of Civil Liberty 47
Review of the Principal Questions and Difficulties of Morals, A 109, 111
Priestley, Joseph 43, 47, 107, 131
Prior, Matthew 167
Prochaska, F. K. 149
progress 45, 48, 51, 52, 56, 57, 69, 75–76, 78–79
property 49, 50, 51, 61, 142
propriety 119–140
public sphere
and education 32–39
and politeness 128 ff.
republicanism and 42–58
women writers and 141–159
Radcliffe, Ann 200, 266
Italian, The 93, 189
Radcliffe, Mary Anne 121
Female Advocate, The 146
radicals 15, 25, 30, 31, 35, 43–45, 47, 54, 59–79 passim, 102, 107, 108, 122, 123, 125, 126, 128, 132, 156, 179, 184, 211, 212, 226, 234
Radway, Janice 260
Randall, Anne Frances See Robinson, Mary
reading 82–98, 119–140, 160–188
reason 7, 12, 21, 25–38 passim, 62, 69, 71–76 passim, 82–94 passim, 100, 101, 107–116 passim, 123–138 passim, 147, 148, 152, 153, 156, 167–179 passim, 184, 263
religion 4, 10, 48, 99–116, 124–127
and equality of women 103 ff.
See also Dissenters
Republicanism 42–50, 61, 66, 203 ff.
and friendship 46, 51
Revely, Maria 233
Rich, Adrienne 181, 182
Snapshots of a Daughter-in-Law 181, 258
Richardson, Alan 4, 122
Richardson, Samuel 73, 86, 237
Clarissa 166, 190
Sir Charles Grandison 190
rights
and liberal feminism 141–146
and religion 99–118
discourses of 42–58, 59–81
Robespierre, Maximilien 43
Robinson, Mary 10, 141, 157, 180, 234
Hubert de Sevrac 93
Thoughts on the Condition of Women (Randall, Anne Frances) 146
Roland, Mme (Marie-Jeanne) 43, 56, 67, 145, 183
romantic friendship 194–195
Romantic poets 5, 57, 91
Roper, Derek 88
Rousseau, Emile 19, 28, 29, 33, 34, 36, 105, 115, 116, 135, 160, 190
La Nouvelle Héloïse 115, 116, 160, 191, 203
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 3, 28, 29, 44, 48, 51, 63, 84, 102, 109, 135, 141, 160, 200, 236, 248
Rowan, Archibald Hamilton 15
Rowe, Nicholas 200
Sapiro, Virginia 264
Savile, George (Marquis of Halifax)
Lady’s New Year’s Gift, The 124, 127, 136
Schweizer, Madeline 233
scriptures
used in arguments regarding gender 169 ff., 226
used in education 28
self-help 24–41 passim, 50, 51, 119–140 passim
See also independence
sensibility 44–46, 48–49, 61, 62, 69, 102, 105, 132, 133, 143, 149–150, 168, 241, 248 ff.
and MW’s reputation 246–270
and religion 102
MW’s attitude toward 82–98
sentimentality
in novels 82–94, 189–208
Sévigné, Marie de Rabutin-Chantal 19, 20
sex and sexuality 1, 5, 20, 36, 39, 65, 112–116, 119–120, 135 ff., 151, 228, 229, 233
and MW’s reputation 247 ff.
and narrative 189–207
“sex wars” 259 ff.
Seymour Castle 85
Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, seventh earl of 44
Shakespeare, William 4, 28, 130, 131, 164, 167, 200, 206, 217, 231
As You Like It 164
Hamlet 166–167, 201
King Lear 164
Midsummer Night’s Dream, A 168
Othello 167
Tempest, The 164, 218
Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft (MW’s daughter) 12, 184
Shelley, Percy Bysshe 57, 184, 262
“Laon and Cyntha” 187
“Hymn to Intellectual Beauty” 184
Shelley, Sir Percy Florence 12
Shenstone, William 164
Siddons, Sarah 233
Smith, Adam
on sensibility 44, 53
slavery 54
as analogy central to MW’s work 45, 126, 132, 137, 142
Smith, Charlotte 84, 87, 89, 164, 180, 182, 189
Emmeline 89
Smith, Patricia Juliana 155
Snitow, Ann 260
sociability 44, 49, 51, 52, 53, 83–94
Southey, Robert 13, 182
Steele, Richard 164
Spectator, The 128
Sterne, Lawrence 86
Sentimental Journey, A 197
strength 33, 34, 141–142
Sunstein, Emily 232, 253
Sutherland, Kathyrn 121, 122, 150
Swift, Jonathan 164, 167, 170
Talbot, Catherine 10
Talleyrand-Perigord, Charles Maurice de 49
Taylor, Barbara 4, 258, 259
Test Acts 108, 153
Thelwall, John 68
Thomson, James 164
Tims, Margaret 253
Todd, Janet 3, 268
Tomalin, Clair 59, 64–67 passim, 232, 233, 253
Tooke, John Horne 43, 68
travel 209–227
as freedom 210 ff.
MW’s ambivalence about 209–229
treason trials 68
Trimmer, Sarah 27, 50, 132
Turner, James 115
Unitarians 50, 107–108, 125, 143, 152
See also Dissenters
utopianism 36, 43, 57, 100, 102, 243, 252, 258–260 passim, 265
virtue 14, 25, 27, 30, 32–36, 43–52 passim, 61, 62, 66, 71, 72, 93, 99, 100, 105, 106, 109–116 passim, 119, 125–134 passim, 137, 138, 142–153 passim, 161, 166, 167, 176, 179
Voltaire, François Marie Arouet de 65, 141, 180
Reflections on the Present Condition of the Female Sex 152
Walpole, Horace 1, 9, 19
Wardle, Ralph 2, 3, 11, 83
Waterhouse, Joshua 13
Wedgewood, Josiah 22
Whigs 42, 47, 60, 61
White, James
Earl Strongbow 93
Wilkes, Wetenhall 121
Williams, David
Lectures on Education 29
Williams, Helen Maria 43, 53, 56, 64, 65, 66, 87, 180, 182
Julia 87, 92
Letters Written in France 62
Wolfson, Susan 4, 145
Wollstonecraft, Charles (MW’s brother) 15
Wollstonecraft, Edward (MW’s brother) 16
Wollstonecraft, Edward John (MW’s father) 15
Wollstonecraft, Elizabeth Dickson (MW’s mother) 17
Wollstonecraft, Everina (MW’s sister) 13–15 passim, 17, 18, 67, 114, 190, 232
Wollstonecraft, Fanny (MW’s daughter) 19, 26, 37, 38, 212
Wollstonecraft, Mary
and Blair 234–235
and Fanny Blood 16–17, 230, 232
and “rational passion” 12, 48–49, 55
and relation to Godwin 12 ff., 249 ff., 229 ff., 262
and relation to Imlay 10, 11, 19, 199, 204, 211, 249, 255, 263
and relation to male poets 160–188
and relation to women writers 5, 86 ff., 141–159, 228–243
and religion 4, 99–118
and sensibility 82–98
and travel to Scandinavia 9–11, 19, 209–226 passim
as novelist 189–207
attempt to reconcile reason and passion 7, 12, 21, 83 ff.
biographical traditions 1–2, 162–163, 229–230, 246–270
demonization of 1, 39, 154, 155, 163, 177–181
determination to become writer 9 ff.
development as a feminist 82–94
dislocation, MW’s early experiences, of 211–214
emotional conflicts 7–23
life of, in Letters 9–23
life of, in Short Residences 209–227
literary style of 7, 8, 10, 91–93, 190 ff., 197
and development of voice 82
and synthesis of reason and passion 82–94
optimism of 69 ff.
reception of 246–269
reputation of 246–269
suicide attempts of 12, 19, 55, 180, 212
works of
Analytical Review 4, 8, 18, 29, 32, 53, 62, 82 ff., 130, 189, 190
attribution of 82–83
“Cave of Fancy” 114, 115, 192, 234
Female Reader 28, 33, 119, 120, 128, 129–134, 136, 164, 169
“Hints” 37, 84, 91
Historical and Moral View of the French Revolution 4, 8, 52, 53, 54, 67, 68, 69–77
sovereignty of people in 65, 71, 72, 74, 75
violence in 76–77, 238–239
Lessons 24, 37, 38, 39
“Letter on the Present Character of the French Nation” 66
Letters 7–23
Letters on the Management of Infants 20, 24, 37, 38
Letters Written during a Short Residence in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark (= Short Residence) 2, 4, 20, 53, 77–79, 100, 209–227, 259, 262–263, 267
Mary 2, 24, 53, 84, 105–108 passim, 115, 120, 125, 156, 189–198, 236–238, 240, 243
“On Poetry, and Our Relish for the Beauties of Nature” (“On Artificial Taste”) 84, 91, 167, 234–235
Original Stories 24, 28–32, 36, 38, 39, 53, 106, 120
Posthumous Works 12, 37
Thoughts on the Education of Daughters 24, 26–28, 33, 36, 100, 119, 120–130, 135, 136, 176, 181
Vindication of the Rights of Men, A 4, 8, 11, 12, 26, 32, 44, 45, 48, 49, 52, 55, 60, 108, 111, 128, 135, 165, 166
Vindication of the Rights of Woman, A 1, 4, 8, 11, 12, 18, 26, 32, 37, 44, 49, 54, 57, 62, 63, 70, 84, 85, 87, 89, 90, 99, 106–108, 110–111, 114–115, 119, 122–123 and female education, 1–3, 32, 34–36, 39, 83, 89, 133–139 and MW’s intellectual development, 135 ff., 141–157, 160, 203, 228–229, 232–233, 239–243, 248 religious basis of, 99–116
Wrongs of Woman, or Maria 2, 21, 24, 28, 30, 87, 92–93, 156, 184–185, 198–201, 240–243
Young Grandison 37
women’s movement
and reception of MW 246–269, 246–270
Woolf, Virginia 248, 249, 250–251, 268
Wordsworth, William 28, 57, 68, 167
on domestic feeling 45
Preface to Lyrical Ballads 167
Prelude 28
Wray, Mary 173
Yearsley, Ann 180, 234
Young, Edward 164, 217
Complaint, The, or Night Thoughts on Life, Death and Immortality 226