Endnotes to Chapter 3

1 Federal Departments of Indigenous and Northern Affairs (edited July 18, 2018), https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-affairs-and-northern-development-canada/.

2 DIAND, Indian Affairs and Northern Development Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1966–67, Government of Canada.

3 Ibid., 79.

4 Ibid., 113.

5 G. Graham-Cumming, 1966, Medical Liaison Officer, Highlights of Indian Vital Statistics 1966, Medical Services, Department of National Health and Welfare, Government of Canada, 1. Total Indian population, 1966: 225,372.

6 DIAND 1966–67, 55. Note that off-reserve First Nations people were not considered the responsibility of Indian Affairs.

7 Saku, James C., 1999, Aboriginal Census Data in Canada: A Research Note, The Canadian Journal of Native Studies XIX, 2 (1999): 370. Note that census data varied, depending on how ethnicity questions changed. The census identified 11,835 Inuit in 1961 and 17,550 Inuit in 1971.

8 DIAND, 1966–67, 113.

9 Ibid.

10 Public Health, Welfare and Security, Statistics Canada, 1963–64, 310. Reliable information for 1965–66 does not appear to be readily available. https://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/1963-64/196303340310_p.%20310.pdf.

11 DIAND, Press Release, January 4, 1968, volume 8881, file 55/29-2. Indian Affairs Minister Arthur Laing announces that almost $2 million would be spent that year to build houses on Indian reserves.

12 The construction of the Canadian High Arctic Research Station, for instance, does not count as Indigenous program spending.

13 INAC, Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada: 2017–18 Departmental Plan, Government of Canada, https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1483561566667/1483561606216.

14 INAC, 2004–05 Estimates, Federal Partners, 14, http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2015/aadnc-aandc/R1-42-2004-eng.pdf.

15 Ibid.

16 INAC, 2017–18 Departmental Plan, 51, https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1483561566667/1483561606216#PS.

17 Public Affairs, Department of Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs (CIRNA) and the Department of Indigenous Services Canada (ISC), Government of Canada, email communication with author, October 9, 2018.

18 INAC’s Mandate, Presentation to the Natural Energy Board Modernization Expert Panel, January 20, 2017, Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada, 2.

19 Public Affairs, ISC/CIRNA, email communications with author, March 20, 2019.

20 Aboriginal peoples in Canada: Key results from the 2016 Census, Statistics Canada, October 25, 2017.

21 INAC, 2017, Registered Indian Population by Sex and Residence, https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1523286391452/1523286414623#tbc7.

22 Nunavut Quick Facts, July 2017, http://www.stats.gov.nu.ca/en/home.aspx.

23 Yvonne Poitras Pratt, et al., 2017, Painting a Picture of the Métis Homeland, Rupertsland Institute, 3. http://www.rupertsland.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Painting_a_Picture_of_the_Metis_Homeland.pdf.

24 Aboriginal peoples in Canada: Key results from the 2016 Census, Statistics Canada, https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/171025/dq171025a-eng.htm.

25 Métis Nation of Ontario website, http://www.metisnation.org/about-the-mno/the-m%c3%a9tis-nation-of-ontario/.

26 Aboriginal peoples in Canada: Key results from the 2016 Census, Statistics Canada, https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/171025/dq171025a-eng.htm.

27 Alexandra Paul, “400 Métis families get chance to buy first home,” Winnipeg Free Press, February 15, 2019, https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/new-grant-offers-metis-15000-to-buy-first-homes-505907982.html.

28 Statistics Canada, Canada at a Glance 2018, https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/12-581-x/2018000/pop-eng.htm.

29 Indigenous Services Canada, Departmental Plan 2018–19, p 33, https://www.sac-isc.gc.ca/eng/1523374573623/1523904791460#chp9.

30 INAC, Sub-Program 2.2.3: First Nations child and Family Services, 2017–18, https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1483561667907/1483561705638#2_2_2.

31 INAC, Sub-Program 2.3.2: Estates, 2017–18. “The Indian Act provides the Minister of Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada with exclusive jurisdiction over the administration of estates for First Nations individuals who were ordinarily resident on reserve at the time of their death” and “INAC’s role includes approving a will or declaring a will to be void,” https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1483561667907/1483561705638#2_3_2.

32 INAC, 2004–05 Estimates, 14.

33 Finance Canada, Federal Support for Provinces and Territories (2009–2019), https://www.fin.gc.ca/fedprov/mtp-eng.asp.

34 Finance Canada (2009–2019).

35 Ibid.

36 Appendix B: Federal transfers to IA+, provinces and territories, 2017–18.

37 Finance Canada (2009–2019).,

38 INAC, 2017–18 Departmental Plan, $10.057-billion: Health Canada Indigenous programs 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3 total $$3,133,980,043, plus 80% of Internal Services ($229,534,560) totals $3,363,514,603 or $3.364-billion, https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/corporate/transparency/corporate-management-reporting/report-plans-priorities/2017-2018-report-plans-priorities.html#a72.

39 Government of Canada, 2018–19 Budget: Equality + Growth, A Strong Middle Class, p145–146, https://www.budget.gc.ca/2018/docs/plan/budget-2018-en.pdf.

40 Government of Canada, News Release, September 17, 2018, Government of Canada, Assembly of First Nations, Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami and Métis National Council announce the first Indigenous Early Learning and Child Care Framework, https://www.canada.ca/en/employment-social-development/news/2018/09/government-of-canada-assembly-of-first-nations-inuit-tapiriit-kanatami-and-metis-national-council-announce-the-first-indigenous-early-learning-and-.html.

41 Bruce Campion-Smith, “Canada struggles to improve conditions for Indigenous people, Trudeau tells the UN,” The Toronto Star, September 21, 2017.