Endnotes to Chapter 4
1 Full text of The Indian Act, 1876, An Act to amend and consolidate the laws respecting Indians: https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100010252/1100100010254 (viewed July 2, 2018).
2 For an overview of the historic role and authority of Indian Agents in Canada, see: Vic Satzewich and Linda Mahood, 1994, “Indian Affairs and Band Governance: Deposing Indian Chiefs in Western Canada,” Canadian Ethnic Studies 26:40–58; James Miller, 1996, Shingwauk’s Vision: A History of Residential Schools, University of Toronto Press; Katherine Pettipas, 1994, Severing the Ties that Bind, University of Manitoba Press; Vic Satzewich, 1996, “Where’s the Beef?: Cattle Killing, Rations Policy and First Nations ‘Criminality’ in Southern Alberta, 1892–1895,” Journal of Historical Sociology 9: 188–212.
3 Statistics Canada, 2016, Aboriginal peoples in Canada: Key results from the 2016 Census, https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/171025/dq171025a-eng.htm.
4 An Act for the gradual enfranchisement of Indians, the better management of Indian Affairs and to extend the provisions of Act 31st, June 22, 1869.
5 Ibid.
6 Jean Allard, 2002, “Big Bear’s Treaty: The road to freedom,” Inroads, Issue No. 11, 117.
7 The Indian Advancement Act, 1886, c. 44, s. 5. See also Section 9.2, Band Government and Law-Making Powers, Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, Vol 1, Part Two, 263.
8 Rob McKinley, “Northern Alberta traditional chief passes away at 89,” Windspeaker, Vol. 5, Issue 11, 1998.
9 Ibid.
10 Canadian Press, “Modern world move regretted,” The Citizen, Prince George, Monday, March 12, 1979, 12.
11 McKinley, 1998.
12 Heather Robertson, 1991, Reservations are for Indians, 2nd edition, (first printed 1970) James Lorimer & Company, 18.
13 Ibid., 19.
14 Ibid., 1.
15 Ibid., 14.
16 Ibid.
17 Ibid.
18 Ibid., 15.
19 McKinley, 1998.
20 Robertson, 1991, 22.
21 Harold Cardinal, 1969, The Unjust Society (1st edition, 1969, originally published by MG Hurtig Publishers), Douglas & McIntyre, 83.
22 Ibid., 83.
23 Indian Legal Claims, Looking Forward, Looking Back, Vol. 1, Section 9.9, Royal Commission of Aboriginal Peoples, 272.
24 Laurie Meijer Drees, 1997, “A History of the Indian Association of Alberta, 1939–1959,” PhD Dissertation, University of Calgary, 51.
25 Ibid., xiii.
26 John L Tobias, 2003, review of The Indian Association of Alberta: A History of Political Action, by Laurie Meijer Drees, Canadian Historical Review 84, no. 4, 663.
27 Meijer Drees, 1997, 52.
28 James Burke, 1976, Paper Tomahawks: From red tape to red power, Queenston House Publishing, 3.
29 Ibid., 3–4.
30 Cardinal, 1969, 88.
31 Harold Cardinal, 1977, The Rebirth of Canada’s Indians, Hurtig Publishers, 171.
32 Ibid.
33 Saskatchewan First Nations: Lives Past and Present, 2004, Volume Editor Christian Thompson, 52.
34 Cardinal, 1977, 174.
35 Jean Chrétien, 1985, Straight From the Heart, Key Porter Books, 62.
36 Dick Bell, Guy Favreau, René Tremblay, John Robert Nicholson, Jean Marchand and Arthur Laing served as Indian Affairs ministers from 1962 to 1968 when Jean Chrétien was appointed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations#Cabinet_ministers.
37 DIAND, Indian Affairs and Northern Development Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1966–67, Government of Canada 1966–67, 52.
38 Report on the Indian Act Consultation Meeting, Winnipeg, Manitoba, December 18, 19, and 20, 1968, DIAND, 3.
39 Ibid., 4 and 12.
40 Ibid., 11.
41 Ibid., 13.
42 James Burke, 1976, 60.
43 Ibid., 66.
44 Ibid., 96.
45 William Wuttunee, 1971, Ruffled Feathers: Indians in Canadian Society, Bell Books, 10.
46 Jean Allard, 1999, interview with author.
47 Ibid.
48 Jean Allard, 2002, “Big Bear’s Treaty: The road to freedom,” Inroads, Vol. 11, 11.
49 Jean Allard, 1999, interview with author.
50 Allard, 2002, 114.