Endnotes to Chapter 19

1 Sheila Jones Morrison, 1993, Documentary: Farm Suicide, Radio Noon, CBC Radio Winnipeg, September 30, 1993.

2 Thomas King, 2013, The Inconvenient Indian: A Curious Account of Native People in North America, Anchor Canada, 217.

3 Paul Barnsley, 2006, “One person, one vote for grassroots,” Windspeaker, Volume 23, Issue 11.

4 AFN Renewal Commission: Report of Recommendations, 2005, A Treaty Among Ourselves: Returning to the Spirit of Our Peoples, prepared for the Assembly of First Nations.

5 Ibid., 30.

6 Ibid., 29.

7 Ibid., 100.

8 Barnsley, 2006.

9 AFN Renewal: Review, Analysis and Recommendations, prepared for the Assembly of First Nations, April 2008, 7.

10 Patrick Lamontagne, “New AFN chief must reform organization,” Montreal Gazette, July 27, 2009.

11 The original quotation, attributed to Abraham Lincoln, is: “You can fool all of the people some of the time, and some of the people all of the time, but you cannot fool all the people all of the time.”

12 Custom leadership selection codes for First Nations, 2008, National Centre for First Nations Governance, 7.

13 Ibid., 28.

14 Ibid., 44.

15 Gerry St. Germaine, 2010, First Nations Elections: The Choice is Inherently Theirs, Report of the Standing Senate Committee on Aboriginal Peoples, 43.

16 Bradford Morse, as quoted in St. Germaine, 32.

17 Joseph Quesnel and Kayla Ishkanian, 2017, Custom Election Codes for First Nations: A Double-Edged Sword, prepared for the Fraser Institute, 8.

18 Ibid., 2.

19 Reinhold Niebuhr, 1944, The Children of Light and the Children of Darkness, Charles Scribner's Sons, xi.

20 Arthur Manuel and Ronald Derrikson, 2017, The Reconciliation Manifesto: Recovering the Land and Rebuilding the Economy, James Lorimer and Company Inc., 140.

21 In 2016, nearly half of First Nations people, on and off reserve, had earned a college diploma, compared to 34 percent of non-Indigenous people, although university attainment was about 20 percent lower. Post-Secondary Education Attainment Fact Sheet, Assembly of First Nations, with data from the 2016 Census. https://www.afn.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/PSE_Fact_Sheet_ENG.pdf.

22 Summary engagement report on a new approach for mutual transparency and accountability, 2017, INAC, 2017, https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1535402446096/1535402477042.

23 A New Approach: Co‐development of a New Fiscal Relationship, 2017, Assembly of First Nations and Indigenous Services Canada, https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/DAM/DAM-INTER-HQ-ACH/STAGING/texte-text/reconciliation_new_fiscal_rel_approach_1512565483826_eng.pdf.

24 Summary, 2017, INAC.

25 Indigenous Voices Omnibus Survey 2017, Probe Research Inc., Winnipeg; selected data shared by Probe Research with author, October 5, 2017.

26 Ibid.