Endnotes to Chapter 2

1 INAC’s Mandate, Presentation to the Natural Energy Board Modernization Expert Panel, January 20, 2017, Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada, Annex A, 13.

2 Ibid., Annex B, 14.

3 Ibid., 3.

4 Modern Treaty Implementation: Implications for Federal Departments and Agencies, Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada, Modern Treaty Training for Federal Officials, February 26, 2014, 5.

5 Ibid., 6.

6 Ibid.

7 Ibid.

8 Prime Minister’s Office, New Ministers to support the renewed relationship with Indigenous Peoples, August 28, 2017, http://pm.gc.ca/eng/news/2017/08/28/new-ministers-support-renewed-relationship-indigenous-peoples.

9 Suzanne Owen, 2017, “Unsettled Natives in the Newfoundland Imaginary,” in Handbook of Indigenous Religion(s), Greg Johnson and Siv Ellen Kraft, eds., Brill, 223.

10 Ibid., 224.

11 Read more about Bill C-25, the Qalipu Mi’kmaq First Nation Act, May 1, 2014, openparliament.ca/bills/41-2/C-25.

12 Justin Brake, “Qalipu enrolment outcome ‘next big reconciliation issue’ in Canada: Chief,” theindependent.ca/2017/02/24/qalipu enrolment, February 24, 2017.

13 Memorandum of Understanding [MOU] on Advancing Reconciliation between the Manitoba Métis Federation Inc. and Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2017.

14 Sheila Jones Morrison, 1995, Rotten to the Core: The Politics of the Manitoba Métis Federation, 101060 (an imprint of J. Gordon Shillingford Publishing), 11.

15 Ibid., 21.

16 Manitoba Métis Federation v Canada (Attorney General), 2013 SCC 14 [2013] 1 S.C.R. 623, Docket 33880, March 8, 2013.

17 Ibid., Section 10, Section 12.

18 Jones Morrison, 1995.

19 Reasons for Decision, Beardy’s & Okemasis band #96 and #97 v Her Majesty the Queen in the Right of Canada, Claim SCT-5001-11, 2012, 5.

20 Ibid., 45.

21 “Beardy’s First Nation distributes, invests Specific Claims Tribunal treaty funds,” Clark’s Crossing Gazette, February 15, 2017, http://ccgazette.ca/2017/02/15/beardys-first-nation-distributes-invests-specific-claims-tribunal-treaty-funds/.

22 Section 6.3.3, Alternative delivery models, Evaluation of Indian Moneys, Estates and Treaty Annuities, Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada, April 2013, 64.

23 Reasons for Decision, Beardy’s & Okemasis band #96 and #97 v Her Majesty the Queen in the Right of Canada, Claim SCT-5001-11, 2015, 74.

24 Media Relations, Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada, email communication with the author, September 8, 2017.

25 The Indian Act of 1985 contains a single sentence (Section 72) stating that “Treaty money” is payable out of the federal government’s Consolidated Revenue Fund. It is silent on terms and conditions of annuity payments in general. Annuities are mentioned only twice: once in relation to spousal support (Section 68) and once regarding payouts when a person ceases being a band member (Section 15).

26 Qalipu Mi’kmaq First Nation, 2017–18, Annual Report, p 10, http://qalipu.ca/qalipu/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/AR%202017-2018_web.pdf.

27 MOU MMF and Canada, 2017, Section 8.

28 Non-Consolidated Financial Statement, Manitoba Métis Federation, March 31, 2016, 5. The MMF generates about $1.5-million of own-revenue, including fundraising, rents and investments.

29 Gloria Galloway, 2018, “Ottawa moves forward with historic plans for Métis self-government,” The Globe and Mail, September 22, 2018, https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-ottawa-moves-forward-with-historic-plans-for-metis-self-government/.

30 Tony Balfour, 2013, “For the Record… On Métis Identity and Citizenship Within the Métis Nation,” in aboriginal policy studies, Vol. 2, no. 2: 128–141.

31 Financial Statements for the Year Ended March 31, 2017 (unaudited), Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada, Loans and interest receivable, https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1506088853301/1506088945817#chp12.

32 Preamble, Specific Claims Tribunal Act, 2008, 1.

33 INAC Financial Statements 2017.

34 Paul Martin interview on CBC Radio’s The House, September 2, 2017.