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3 stages of manufacturing

Material extraction: Raw materials, such as trees, crops, oil, and minerals, are identified and harvested.

Primary processing: Extracted materials are put into standard formats for use by industry. Limestone, sandstone, and shale are baked and crushed into powder to make cement; alumina is extracted from bauxite ore, processed, and cast into aluminum ingots; cotton is cleaned, deseeded, and compressed into bales; grain is ground into flour.

Secondary processing: Primary industrial materials are made into products for use by consumers.

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