Glossary

Authority list
In order to reduce ambiguities and inconsistencies in indexing terms, vocabulary control is exercised by making and using only preferred terms from an authority list with cross-references from nonpreferred terms to preferred terms.
Bibliography
1. Study or description of books and other publications. 2. A list of books or other publications.
Culture
Commonly used for “high culture,” such as opera, classical music, and art exhibitions, culture is used in this book in its academic sense: how we live our daily lives. In a commonly cited definition, “culture or civilization, taken in its wide ethnographic sense, is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society” (Tylor 1871, 1).
Document
Record, usually a text; more generally, something regarded by someone as evidence of something.
Epistemology
The study of knowledge itself.
Facet
A distinct aspect resulting from a basic division; for example, what, when, where, who, why, and how are distinct and different facets of an event.
Filtering
Selecting from a flow of records by matching them against a stable query.
Hypertext
Text with passages that are linked to other passages.
Infrastructure
Ancillary resources that enable an undertaking to function. Originally used to refer to structures used for transportation and military operations, infrastructure has been gradually extended to include services ancillary to, or in support of, the performance of any large-scale undertaking.
Intersubjective
Subjective states shared by two or more individuals.
Metadata
Literally, beyond or with data. A common name for descriptions of documents, records, and data; data about data.
Phenomenology
The study of experience and consciousness.
Phenomenon
Something perceived.
Photolithography
Printing using printing plates with images created photographically.
Photostat
A photographic image made with a camera directly onto paper without an intermediate negative. An important document copying technique in the early twentieth century.
Postcoordinate search
In information retrieval, when two or more concepts can be combined in a search query at the time of search. See also precoordinate indexing.
Precision
The proportion of documents that are relevant within a retrieved set in information retrieval.
Precoordinate indexing
Indexing systems in which combinations of concepts are created as needed at the time of indexing. See also postcoordinate search.
Preferred terms
When indexing, vocabulary control is maintained by using only preferred terms on an authority list, with cross references from nonpreferred terms to preferred terms.
Prosopography
Study of a set of persons.
Provenance
The chronology of the ownership, custody, or location of a document or historical object.
Recall
In information retrieval, the proportion of all relevant items in a collection that have been retrieved by a search.
Relevance
In information retrieval, the criterion of being a suitable response to a query.
Relevant
In information retrieval, considered to be a suitable response to a query.
Retrieval
A general term used for finding procedures, such as identifying (discovering the existence of documents); locating (“look-up,” when identified objects have known addresses); fetching (bringing an object from a known address); and selecting (in the sense of choosing).
Semiotics
The theory and study of signs and symbols, especially the meanings of words and documents.
Vocabulary control
Limitation of index terms to preferred terms, with cross-references from nonpreferred terms to preferred terms.