/************** Book Style **************/
.booksection {
 margin-left:0.5em;
 margin-right:0.5em;
 margin-top:0.0em;
 margin-bottom:0.0em;
}
p {
 text-align:justify;
 line-height:1.2em;
 margin-bottom:0.0em;
 margin-top:0.0em;
 text-indent:0.0em;
 margin-left:0em;
}
.pagebreak {
 page-break-before:always;
 padding-top:0.1em;
}
/************** Cover Page **************/
.cover {
 margin: 0em auto;
 height: 100%;
 max-height: 98%;
 width: auto;
 display: block;
}

/************** Title Page **************/
.title {
 margin-top:0%;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-align:center;
}
.title0 {
 margin-top:0%;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 font-size:2.2em;
 text-align:center;
 line-height:1.2em;
}
.title1 {
 margin-top:0%;
 margin-bottom:2em;
 font-size:2.4em;
 text-align:center;
 font-weight:normal;
 line-height:1.2em;
}
.title2 {
 margin-top:0%;
 margin-bottom:2em;
 font-size:2.4em;
 text-align:center;
 font-weight:normal;
 line-height:1.2em;
 color:#C8C9CB;
}
.logo {
 margin-top:10%;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-align:center;
 line-height:1.2em;
}
.publish {
 margin-top:0.2em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-align:center; 
 font-size:0.85em;
 line-height:1.2em;
}
/************** Copyright **************/

.copyright {
 margin-top:0em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:10%;
 margin-right:0em;
 text-indent:0em;
}

.copy {
 margin-top:0.1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-align:center;
 text-indent:0em;
 font-size:85%;
 line-height:1.2em;
}
.copy1 {
 margin-top:1.0em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-align:center;
 text-indent:0em;
 font-size:85%;
 line-height:1.2em;
}
.copy2 {
 margin-top:15%;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-align:center;
 text-indent:0em;
 font-size:85%;
 line-height:1.2em;
}
/************** Dedication **************/
.dedi {
 margin-top:25%;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:105%;
 font-weight:normal;
 line-height:1.5em;
}

.dedi1 {
 margin-top:1.25em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:110%;
 font-weight:normal;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

.dedi2 {
 margin-top:20%;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:110%;
 font-weight:normal;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

/************** Contents **************/
.tochead {
 margin-top:10%;
 margin-bottom:1.5em;
 margin-left:0.0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:175%;
 font-weight:normal;
 color:#A8A9AD;
}
.toc {
 margin-top:0.75em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:0em;
 text-indent:0em;
 text-align:left;
 font-size:100%;
 font-weight:normal;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

.toc1 {
 margin-top:1.25em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:0em;
 text-indent:0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:100%;
 font-weight:normal;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

.toc2 {
 margin-top:1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:0em;
 text-indent:0em;
 text-align:left;
 font-size:100%;
 font-weight:normal;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

.toc3 {
 margin-top:1.25em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:0em;
 text-indent:0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:100%;
 font-weight:normal;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

.toc4 {
 margin-top:0.1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:0em;
 text-indent:0em;
 text-align:left;
 font-size:100%;
 font-weight:normal;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

/************** Spaces **************/

span.nspa {
	display:inline-block;
	text-indent:0.00em;
	white-space:pre-wrap;
	width:1.75em;
}

span.bspa {
	display:inline-block;
	text-indent:0.00em;
	white-space:pre-wrap;
	width:1.5em;
}


span.aspa {
	display:inline-block;
	text-indent:0.00em;
	white-space:pre-wrap;
	width:1.75em;
}

span.ntspa {
	display:inline-block;
	text-indent:0.00em;
	white-space:pre-wrap;
	width:2.5em;
}

span.bbspa {
	display:inline-block;
	text-indent:0.00em;
	white-space:pre-wrap;
	width:2.5em;
}

span.tspa {
	display:inline-block;
	text-indent:0.00em;
	white-space:pre-wrap;
	width:6.5em;
}

span.hspa{
	display:inline-block;
	text-indent:0.00em;
	white-space:pre-wrap;
	width:3.0em;
}

span.hspa1{
	display:inline-block;
	text-indent:0.00em;
	white-space:pre-wrap;
	width:6.0em;
}

.grey {color:#6D6E70;}

/************** Acknowledgement **************/
.ack {
 margin-top:10%;
 margin-bottom:2em;
 margin-left:0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:1.5em;
 font-weight:normal;
 line-height:1.2em;
}
/************** Chapters **************/
.chapter {
 margin-top:10%;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:0em;
 text-align:center;
 text-indent:0em;
 font-size:110%;
 font-weight:normal;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

.chapter0 {
 margin-top:2.0em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:0.0em;
 text-align:center;
 text-indent:0em;
 font-size:225%;
 font-weight:normal;
 line-height:1em;
}

.chapter1 {
 margin-top:1.25em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:0.0em;
 text-align:center;
 text-indent:0em;
 font-size:225%;
 font-weight:normal;
 line-height:1em;
}

.chapter2 {
 margin-top:1.0em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:0.0em;
 text-align:center;
 text-indent:0em;
 font-size:150%;
 font-weight:normal;
}

.chapter3 {
 margin-top:2.0em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:0.0em;
 text-align:center;
 text-indent:0em;
 font-size:150%;
 font-weight:normal;
}

.fmhead {
 margin-top:10%;
 margin-bottom:2em;
 margin-left:0.0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:165%;
 font-weight:normal;
}

.fmhead1 {
 margin-top:10%;
 margin-bottom:1.5em;
 margin-left:0.0em;
 text-align:left;
 tet-indent:0em;
 font-size:165%;
 font-weight:normal;
}

.bhead {
 margin-top:1.5em;
 margin-bottom:1.5em;
 margin-left:0.0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:1.1em;
 font-weight:normal;
}

.notehead {
 margin-top:2.0em;
 margin-bottom:0.5em;
 margin-left:3.0em;
 text-indent:-3.0em;
 text-align:left;
 font-size:100%;
 font-weight:normal;
}

.notehead1 {
 margin-top:2.0em;
 margin-bottom:0.5em;
 margin-left:6.0em;
 text-indent:-6.0em;
 text-align:left;
 font-size:100%;
 font-weight:normal;
}

.subhead {
 margin-top:0.5em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:0.0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:150%;
 font-weight:normal;
 color:#77787A;
}

.head {
 margin-top:2.0em;
 margin-bottom:12px;
 margin-left:0.0em;
 text-align:center;
 text-indent:0em;
 font-size:100%;
 font-weight:normal;
}

.head1 {
 margin-top:1.75em;
 margin-bottom:0.75em;
 margin-left:0.0em;
 text-align:left;
 text-indent:0em;
 font-size:120%;
 font-weight:normal;
}

.head2 {
 margin-top:2.0em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:0.0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:130%;
 font-weight:normal;
}

.part {
 margin-top:25%;
 margin-bottom:0.0em;
 margin-left:0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:250%;
 font-weight:normal;
 line-height:1.2em;
}
.part1 {
 margin-top:0.75em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:110%;
 font-weight:normal;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

.partbg {
 margin-top:1em;
 margin-bottom:0.0em;
 margin-left:0em;
 font-size:100%;
 font-weight:normal;
 background-color:#BDBEC1;
 padding:1em 1em 30% 1em;
 color:#FFFFFF;
}

.partbg1 {
 background-color:#BDBEC1;
}

.bg {
 margin-top:1em;
 margin-bottom:0.0em;
 margin-left:0em;
 font-size:100%;
 font-weight:normal;
 background-color:#231F20;
 padding:0.25em 0.25em 0.15em 0.25em;
 color:#FFFFFF;
}

/************** Authors **************/
.author {
 margin-top:1.5em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:0em;
 text-indent:0.0em;
 text-align:left;
 font-size:105%;
 font-weight:normal;
}
.author1 {
 margin-top:3em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:1.3em;
 font-weight:normal;
}
/************** Alignments **************/
.indent {
 margin-top:0.1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-indent:1.5em;
 text-align:justify;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

.indent_l {
 margin-top:0px;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-indent:1.5em;
 text-align:left;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

.indent1 {
 margin-top:1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-indent:1.5em;
 text-align:justify;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.2em;
}
.indent2 {
 margin-top:2em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-indent:1.5em;
 text-align:justify;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.2em;
}
.indent3 {
 margin-top:3.0em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-indent:1.5em;
 text-align:justify;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.2em;
}
.noindent {
 margin-top:0.1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-indent:0em;
 text-align:justify;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

.noindent_l {
 margin-top:0.1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-indent:0em;
 text-align:left;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

.noindent0 {
 margin-top:8px;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-indent:0em;
 text-align:left;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.2em;
}
.noindent1 {
 margin-top:1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-indent:0em;
 text-align:justify;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

.noindent1_l {
 margin-top:1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-indent:0em;
 text-align:left;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

.noindent2 {
 margin-top:2.5em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-indent:0em;
 text-align:justify;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.2em;
}
.noindent3 {
 margin-top:15%;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-indent:0em;
 text-align:justify;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.2em;
}
.center {
 margin-top:5px;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

.center0 {
 margin-top:10px;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

.center1 {
 margin-top:1.75em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.2em;
}
.center2 {
 margin-top:2em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.2em;
}
.center3 {
 margin-top:12%;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

.center4 {
 margin-top:3em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

.right {
 margin-top:0.1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-right:1.5em;
 text-align:right;
 line-height:1.2em;
}
.right1 {
 margin-top:1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-right:1.5em;
 text-align:right;
 line-height:1.2em;
}
.right2 {
 margin-top:2em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-right:1.5em;
 text-align:right;
 line-height:1.2em;
}
/************** Hang Matter **************/
.number {
 margin-top:1px;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-right:1.5em;
 margin-left:3.25em;
 text-indent:-1.75em;
 text-align:left;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

.number1 {
 margin-top:1.25em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-right:1.5em;
 margin-left:3.25em;
 text-indent:-1.75em;
 text-align:left;
 line-height:1.2em;
}


.bullet {
 margin-top:1px;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-right:1.5em;
 margin-left:3.0em;
 text-indent:-1.5em;
 text-align:left;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

.bullet1 {
 margin-top:1.25em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-right:1.5em;
 margin-left:3.0em;
 text-indent:-1.5em;
 text-align:left;
 line-height:1.2em;
}


.alpha {
 margin-top:2px;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-right:1.5em;
 margin-left:4.75em;
 text-indent:-1.75em;
 text-align:left;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

.alpha1 {
 margin-top:1.25em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-right:1.5em;
 margin-left:3.0em;
 text-indent:-1.75em;
 text-align:left;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

.notes {
 margin-top:2px;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-right:0em;
 margin-left:2.5em;
 text-indent:-2.5em;
 text-align:left;
 line-height:1.2em;
 font-size:90%;
}

.notes1 {
 margin-top:1.25em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-right:0em;
 margin-left:2.0em;
 text-indent:-2.0em;
 text-align:left;
 line-height:1.2em;
}


.bib {
 margin-top:0.1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-right:0em;
 margin-left:1.5em;
 text-indent:-1.5em;
 text-align:left;
 line-height:1.2em;
 font-size:90%;
}

.bib1 {
 margin-top:1.0em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-right:0em;
 margin-left:1.5em;
 text-indent:-1.5em;
 text-align:left;
 line-height:1.2em;
 font-size:90%;
}

.bib2 {
 margin-top:1.0em;
 margin-bottom:1.0em;
 margin-left:0em;
 text-indent:0em;
 text-align:justify;
 font-size:115%;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

.index {
 margin-top:0.1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-right:0em;
 margin-left:1.5em;
 text-indent:-1.5em;
 text-align:left;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

.index1 {
 margin-top:1.0em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-right:0em;
 margin-left:1.5em;
 text-indent:-1.5em;
 text-align:left;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

.index2 {
 margin-top:0.1em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-right:0em;
 margin-left:3.0em;
 text-indent:-1.5em;
 text-align:left;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

/************** Blockquotes **************/
.block {
 margin-top:0em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:1.75em;
 margin-right:1.75em;
 text-indent:0em;
 text-align:left;
 font-size:90%;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

.block1 {
 margin-top:0em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:2.5em;
 margin-right:0em;
 text-indent:0em;
 text-align:left;
 font-size:90%;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

/************** Images **************/
img {
 max-height:100%;
 max-width:100%;
}
.fig {
 margin-top:1em;
 margin-bottom:1em;
 text-align:center;
}

.fig0 {
 margin-top:0px;
 margin-bottom:0px;
 text-align:center;
}

.fig1 {
 margin-top:1.25em;
 margin-bottom:0.5em;
 text-align:center;
}

.fig2 {
 margin-top:10%;
 margin-bottom:0.0em;
 text-align:center;
}

.chapfig {
 margin-top:25%;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-align:center;
}
.caption {
 margin-top:0em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:0em;
 text-align:justify;
 font-size:85%;
 line-height:1.2em;
}
.caption1 {
 margin-top:0em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-align:left;
 font-size:1em;
 color:#670E78;
 line-height:1.2em;
}
/************** Lists **************/
ol {
 margin-top:1em;
 margin-bottom:1em;
 margin-left:3.25em;
 text-indent:0em;
 text-align:left;
 line-height:1.2em;
}
ul {
 margin-top:1em;
 margin-bottom:1em;
 margin-left:2.5em;
 text-indent:0em;
 text-align:left;
 line-height:1.2em;
}
li {
 margin-top:0.1em;
}
/************** Boxes **************/
.box {
 margin-top:1.5em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 padding:0em 0.5em 1.25em 0.5em;
 border-top:5px dotted #8B8C8F;
 border-bottom:5px dotted #8B8C8F;
 color:#818284;
 line-height:1.2em;
}
.boxh {
 margin-top:0em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 padding:0.2em 0em 0.2em 0.2em;
 background-color:#000000;
 color:#FFFFFF;
 text-align:left;
 text-indent:0em;
 line-height:1.2em;
}
.boxt {
 margin-top:0.5em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 padding:0em 0.2em 0em 0.2em;
 text-align:left;
 text-indent:0em;
 line-height:1.2em;
}
/************** Tables **************/
table {
 margin-top:1em;
 margin-bottom:1em;
 border-collapse:collapse;
 width:100%;
}
td {
 padding:0.3em;
 vertical-align:top;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

.pad0 {
 padding:0.0em;
 vertical-align:top;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

td.right {
 vertical-align:top;
 padding:0.3em;
 text-align:right;
}
td.border1 {
 border:1pt solid black;
 text-align:center;
 vertical-align:top;
}
/************** Font Sizes **************/
.big {
 font-size:1.1em;
}
/************** Extra **************/
a {
 text-decoration:none;
 color:#000000;
}
.u {
 text-decoration:underline;
}
sup {
 font-size:0.8em;
 line-height:1em;
}
sub {
 font-size:0.8em;
 line-height:1em;
}
.footline {
 margin-top:3.0em;
 margin-bottom:5px;
 border-bottom:1px solid #000000;
 width:30%;
}
.hr1 {
 border-bottom:2.5pt solid black;
 padding-top:5em;
}
.star {
 margin-top:1.0em;
 margin-bottom:1.0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:150%;
 font-weight:bold;
}
.inline {
 vertical-align:middle;
}
.bm {
 margin-top:20%;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 text-align:left;
 font-size:100%;
 font-weight:normal;
}
span.drop {
 font-size:250%;
 font-weight:normal;
 line-height:0.5em;
}
.noindent_bl {
 margin-top:0.0em;
 margin-bottom:0em;
 margin-left:1.0em;
 text-indent:-1.0em;
 text-align:justify;
 font-size:1em;
 line-height:1.2em;
}

.end {
 margin-top:10%;
 margin-bottom:2.5em;
 margin-left:0.0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:2.2em;
 font-weight:normal;
}

.forword {
 margin-top:2em;
 margin-bottom:1.5em;
 margin-left:0em;
 text-align:center;
 font-size:150%;
 font-weight:normal;
 line-height:1.2em;
}
.avoid
{
page-break-inside: avoid;
margin-top:1em;
margin-bottom:0em;
}
small {font-size:80%;}
.small {font-size:90%;}