page xvii: JR (b. 1983). Women Are Heroes, Kenya. Self-Portrait in a Woman’s Eye, Kenya, 2009. L’Agence VU, Paris, France.
page xix: Anna Schuleit Haber, Bloom: A Site-specific Installation, 2003. © Anna Schuleit Haber (b. 1974). Commissioned by the Massachusetts Mental Health Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 2003.
page 8: Retinal neuron. Photograph courtesy of James Tyrwhitt-Drake/EyeWire/NIH 3D Print Exchange.
page 10, top: Jan Steen (1626–1679). As the Old Sing, So Pipe the Young (1668–1670). Mauritshuis, The Hague.
page 10, bottom: Carel Fabritius (1622–1654). The Goldfinch, 1654. Mauritshuis, The Hague.
page 13: Gerrit van Honthorst, Dutch (1592–1656). Smiling Girl, a Courtesan, Holding an Obscene Image, 1625. Oil on canvas, 32 × 251/4 inches. Saint Louis Art Museum, Friends Fund, 63:1954.
page 20: Johannes Vermeer (1632–1675). Mistress and Maid, c. 1665./Copyright The Frick Collection.
page 23: René Magritte (1898–1967). © ARS, NY. The Portrait. Brussels, 1935. Oil on canvas, 287/8 × 197/8 inches; (73.3 × 50.2 cm). Museum of Modern Art, Gift of Kay Sage Tanguy; Digital Image © The Museum of Modern Art/Licensed by SCALA/Art Resource, NY/ © 2015 C. Herscovici/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.
page 27: Large Letter C in Inwood. Redux Pictures/The New York Times/photo by Suzanne DeChillo.
page 28: Dr. Michael Graziano. Courtesy of Anil Ananthaswamy.
pages 34, 109, 151, 248: Eye icon. Chrissy Kurpeski.
page 37: Renshaw’s Cow. Optometric Extension Program Foundation.
page 38: Renshaw’s Cow with face outlined. Optometric Extension Program Foundation.
pages 39–40: Artwork by Eve and Ruth Oosterman. A huge thank you to Ruth Oosterman for sharing her and Eve’s delightful artwork with me. You can read more about Ruth at her website, www.ruthoosterman.com, and her blog, The Mischevious Mommy, http://themischeviousmommy.blogspot.ca, and purchase prints from her Etsy shop, Eve’s Imagination, https://www.etsy.com/ca/shop/EvesImagination.
page 44: Jane Alexander (b. 1959). Installation Infantry with beast (2008–2010) at the Cathedral Church of Saint John the Divine. Redux Pictures/The New York Times/photo by Agaton Strom./Art © Jane Alexander, DALRO, Johannesburg. / Licensed by VAGA, New York, NY.
page 46: Tony Matelli (b. 1971). Sleepwalker, 2014. Photo by John Kennard. Courtesy of the Davis Museum at Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA.
page 57: That Tree, March 14, 2012. Courtesy of Mark Hirsch.
page 58, top: That Tree, Day 320: February 6. Courtesy of Mark Hirsch.
page 58, bottom: That Tree, Day 51: May 13. Courtesy of Mark Hirsch.
page 60: Edward Hopper, American (1862–1967). Automat, 1927. Oil on canvas, 36 × 281/8 inches (91.4 × 71.4 cm). Des Moines Art Center Permanent Collections; Purchased with funds from the Edmundson Art Foundation, Inc., 1958.2.
page 63, top left: Edward Hopper, American (1862–1967). Automat, 1927. Oil on canvas, 36 × 281/8 inches (91.4 × 71.4 cm). Des Moines Art Center Permanent Collections; Purchased with funds from the Edmundson Art Foundation, Inc., 1958.2.
page 63, top right: Edward Hopper, American (1862–1967). Hotel Room, 1931. Oil on canvas, 152.4 × 165.7 cm. Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid, 2015./© Photo SCALA, Florence.
page 63, bottom left: Fernand Léger, French (1881–1955), Maud Dale, 1935. Oil on canvas, overall: 100.4 × 79.7 cm (391/2 × 313/8 inches), framed: 136.8 × 112.1 cm (537/8 × 441/8 inches). National Gallery of Art, Chester Dale Collection, 1963.10.36./© 2015 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York/ADAGP, Paris.
page 63, bottom right: George Bellows (1882–1925). Maud Dale, 1919. National Gallery of Art, Chester Dale Collection, 1944.15.1./Bellows Trust.
page 69: Jan Steen (1626–1679). As the Old Sing, So Pipe the Young (1668–1670). Mauritshuis, The Hague.
page 83: John Singleton Copley (1738–1815). Mrs. John Winthrop, 1773. Oil on canvas, 351/2 × 283/4 inches (90.2 × 73 cm). Image copyright: © The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Morris K. Jesup Fund, 1931 (31.109)./Image source: Art Resource, NY.
page 108, left: Gilbert Stuart (1755–1828). George Washington (Lansdowne Portrait), 1796. Oil on canvas. Place of execution: Germantown. Stretcher: 247.6 × 158.7 cm (971/2 × 621/2 inches); Frame: 283.5 × 194.3 × 17.8 cm (1115/8 × 761/2 × 7 inches); Acquisition date: 2001-07-16. National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution. Acquired as a gift to the nation through the generosity of the Donald W. Reynolds Foundation, NPG.2001.13./Art Resource, NY.
page 108, right: Alexander Gardner (1821–1882). Abraham Lincoln, 1865. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC, no. LC-B812–9773-X.
page 116: JR (b. 1983). Women Are Heroes, Brazil. Action in the slums Morro da Providência, tree, moon, horizontal, Rio de Janeiro, 2008. L’Agence VU, Paris, France.
page 119: Giuseppe Arcimboldo (c. 1526–1593). L’Ortolano (The Vegetable Gardener), c. 1590. Sistema Museale della Città di Cremona.
page 120: Giuseppe Arcimboldo (c. 1526–1593). L’Ortolano (The Vegetable Gardener), c. 1590. Sistema Museale della Città di Cremona.
page 121: Michelangelo (1475–1564). David, 1501–1504. Photograph by Jörg Bittner Unna (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Michelangelo-David_JB01.JPG).
page 123: Michelangelo (1475–1564). David (detail), 1501–1504. Rachel Sanderoff/Shutterstock.
page 124: Michelangelo (1475–1564). David, 1501–1504. Digital Michelangelo Project, Stanford University.
page 125, top: Michelangelo (1475–1564). David (detail), 1501–1504. Photograph by Jörg Bittner Unna (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU16.JPG).
page 125, bottom: Michelangelo (1475–1564). David (detail), 1501–1504. Photograph by Jörg Bittner Unna (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU08.JPG).
page 126: Michelangelo (1475–1564). David (detail), 1501–1504. Photograph by Jörg Bittner Unna (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Michelangelo-David_JB01.JPG).
page 131: Édouard Manet (1832–1883), A Bar at the Folies-Bergère, 1882. Oil on canvas, 96 × 130 cm. P.1934.SC.234. The Samuel Courtauld Trust, The Courtauld Gallery, London.
page 140, top: Henri Matisse, French (1869–1954), Open Window, Collioure, 1905. Oil on canvas, overall: 55.3 × 46 cm (213/4 × 181/8 inches), framed: 71.1 × 62.2 × 5.1 cm (28 × 241/2 × 2 inches). National Gallery of Art, Collection of Mr. and Mrs. John Hay Whitney 1998.74.7./© 2015 Succession H. Matisse/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.
page 140, bottom: Henri Matisse, French (1869–1954), French Window at Collioure, 1914. Oil on canvas, 116.5 × 89 cm. Photo by Philippe Migeat; CNAC/MNAM/Dist. RMN: Grand Palais, Art Resource, NY./© 2015 Succession H. Matisse/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.
page 151: Joel Sternfeld (b. 1944). McLean, Virginia, December 1978; n:1978 p:2003; Digital C-print; Edition of 10 and 2 artist’s proofs; image size: 42 × 521/2 inches; paper size: 48 × 581/2 inches. © Joel Sternfeld. Courtesy of the artist and Luhring Augustine, New York.
page 154: René Magritte, Belgian (1898–1967). Time Transfixed, 1938. Oil on canvas, 577/8 × 387/8 inches (147 × 98.7 cm). Joseph Winterbotham Collection, 1970.426. Photography © The Art Institute of Chicago./© 2015 C. Herscovici/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.
page 158: Sarah Grant, The Furniture City Sets the Table for the World of Art, 2009. Installation © Sticks/photo by Adam Bird.
page 165: Fundamentalist Church members. AP Photo/Tony Gutierrez.
page 170: Philip Evergood (1901–1973), © Copyright. Dowager in a Wheelchair, 1952. Oil on fiberboard, 477/8 × 36 inches (121.5 × 91.4 cm). Courtesy ACA Galleries, New York. Photo credit: Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC, Gift of the Sara Roby Foundation, 1986.6.90/Art Resource, NY.
page 192: René Magritte (1898–1967). The Key to Dreams, 1927. Oil on canvas, 38 × 53 cm. Inv. L 1953. bpk, Berlin/Art Resource, NY./© 2015 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.
page 193: Ralph Steiner (1899–1986). American Rural Baroque, 1930. Gelatin-silver print, 79/16 × 91/2 inches. Ralph Steiner photograph, courtesy estate./Digital image © The Museum of Modern Art, Gift of the photographer (892.1965)./Licensed by SCALA/Art Resource, NY.
page 195: First Corinthian Baptist Church. Redux Pictures/The New York Times/photo by David Goldman.
page 198: Teens on a stoop. Redux Pictures/The New York Times/photo by Hiroko Masuike.
page 201, top: John Singer Sargent (1856–1925). Scrapbook of photographic reproductions of paintings by Sargent. Published/Created [S.I.: s.n., 1893?] p. 49, Madame X, 1884, albumen print (shows an earlier state of the painting: John Singer Sargent, Madame × (Madame Pierre Gautreau), (16.53) in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art). The Thomas J. Watson Library, Gift of Mrs. Francis Ormond, 1950 (192Sa7 Sa78 Q). Image copyright © The Metropolitan Museum of Art./Image source: Art Resource, NY.
page 201, bottom: John Singer Sargent (1856–1925). Madame X (Madame Pierre Gautreau), 1883–1884. Oil on canvas, 821/8 × 431/4 inches (208.6 × 109.9 cm). Arthur Hoppock Hearn Fund, 1916 (16.53). Image copyright © The Metropolitan Museum of Art./Image source: Art Resource, NY.
page 209, top: Pieter Brueghel the Elder (c. 1525–1569). The Painter and the Buyer, c. 1565. Heritage Images/Getty Images.
page 209, bottom: Richard Diebenkorn, Studio Wall, 1963. Oil on canvas, 453/8 × 421/2 inches (115.3 × 108 cm). Estate #1395. © The Richard Diebenkorn Foundation.
page 212: Francisco de Goya y Lucientes (1746–1828). The Naked Maja, circa 1795–1800. © Madrid, Museo Nacional del Prado.
page 213: Lucian Freud, Benefits Supervisor Sleeping, 1995. Oil on canvas. Lucian Freud (1922–2011). © The Lucian Freud Archive/Private Collection/The Bridgeman Art Library.
page 217, top: Hieronymus Bosch (c. 1450–1516). The Garden of Earthly Delights, c. 1500–1505. Universal History Archive/Getty Images.
page 217, bottom: Hieronymus Bosch (c. 1450–1516). The Garden of Earthly Delights (detail), c. 1500–1505. Universal History Archive/Getty Images.
page 218: William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825–1905). Dante and Virgil in Hell, 1850. Universal History Archive/Getty Images.
page 221: Hieronymus Bosch (c. 1450–1516). The Garden of Earthly Delights (detail), c. 1500–1505. Universal History Archive/Getty Images.
page 226: Jacques-Louis David (1748–1825). Comtesse Daru, 1810. Copyright The Frick Collection.
page 244: Photograph of two running police officers, 1993. Don McCullin/Contact Press Images.
page 246: Nanny and child. Courtesy of the author.
page 249: Claude Monet (1840–1926). Bridge Over a Pond of Water Lilies, 1899. ACME Imagery/Superstock.
page 250, top: Claude Monet (1840–1926). The Japanese Footbridge, 1899. The National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, Marco Brivio, age fotostock/Superstock.
page 250, middle: Claude Monet (1840–1926). Bridge Over a Pond of Water Lilies, 1899. ACME Imagery/Superstock.
page 250, bottom: Claude Monet (1840–1926). The Japanese Footbridge and the Water Lily Pool, Giverny, 1899. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA, Mr. and Mrs. Carroll S. Tyson, Jr., Collection, 1963./Bridgeman Images.
page 252: Caravaggio (1571–1610). The Calling of Saint Matthew, 1599–1600. Pii Stabilimenti della Francia a Roma e Loreto, San Luigi dei Francesi, photo by Mauro Coen.
page 253: The Situation Room. White House Press Office, photo by Pete Souza, 2011.
page 264: El Anatsui (b. 1944). Skylines, 2008. Aluminium and copper wire, 118.1 × 324.8 inches (300 × 825 cm). Courtesy of October Gallery Trust, photo Scope Basel 2013 and © Georgios Kefalas/epa/Corbis.
page 265: El Anatsui (b. 1944). Oasis (detail), 2008. Aluminium and copper wire, 106 × 90 inches (269.24 × 228.6 cm). Private collection. Courtesy of October Gallery Trust and Bill Greene, The Boston Globe/Getty Images.
page 268: Gustav Klimt (1862–1918). Amalie Zuckerkandl, 1917–1918, Canvas, 128 × 128 cm, unfinished. Oesterreichische Galerie im Belvedere. Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY.
