The preparation of this volume was facilitated by talks given at the Program on Negotiation at Harvard University, the Department of Sociology at the University of Washington, the Ethics Center at Stanford University, the Society for Experimental Social Psychology, and the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton University. I thank the many people who contributed to the volume by making comments on drafts; these include John Darley, Jeffrey Fagan, and Dale Miller as well as several anonymous reviewers. The collection of the panel data on employees was supported by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Program in Business Organizations. I thank Gail Pesyna for her support on that project. The panel data on community residents of the police was supported by grants from the National Institute of Justice and the Law and Social Science Program of the National Science Foundation. The Afrobarometer data on political evaluations in Africa was collected as part of a joint enterprise of Michigan State University, the Institute for Democracy in South Africa, and the Centre for Democracy and Development in Ghana. For more information on the Afrobarometer, see www.afrobarometer.org.