1: ON THE USE AND ABUSE OF HISTORICAL COMPARISON

  1.    James Q. Whitman, Hitler’s American Model (Princeton University Press, 2017).

  2.    James Baldwin in discussion with Malcolm X, University of California, Berkeley, video, 1963.

  3.    Baldwin, National Press Club, video, 1986.

  4.    James Baldwin with Malcolm X, video, 1963.

  5.    British Foreign Office in Washington, D.C., January 12, 1943, quoted in Louise London, “British Government Policy and Jewish Refugees 1933–45,” in Patterns of Prejudice (Routledge, 1989).

  6.    Berliner Zeitung, August 31, 2015.

  7.    Many argue that working-through-the-past cannot be translated. See Mischa Gabowitsch, ed., Replicating Atonement (Palgrave Macmillan, 2017).

  8.    See Carol Anderson, White Rage (Bloomsbury, 2016).

  9.    See Matthew Karp, This Vast Southern Empire: Slaveholders at the Helm of American Foreign Policy (Harvard University Press, 2017). See also the conversations with Charles Reagan and Diane McWhorter in the chapters that follow.