1. J. Mack Slaughter, Jr., and Lynn Roppolo, “‘Screaming Your Lungs Out!’ A Case of Boy Band-Induced Pneumothorax, Pneumomediastinum, and Pneumoretropharyngeum,” The Journal of Emergency Medicine 53, no. 5 (October 2017): 762–64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.08.006.
2. Abby Armada (@mygiantrobot), “That’s worse than when I,” Twitter, November 1, 2020, https://twitter.com/mygiantrobot/status/1322919976265748480.
3. J. Mack Slaughter, Jr., MD, email to the author, January 12, 2020.
4. Barbara Ehrenreich, Elizabeth Hess, and Gloria Jacobs, “Beatlemania: Girls Just Want to Have Fun,” in The Adoring Audience, ed. Lisa A. Lewis (London: Routledge, 1992), 84–106.
5. Frederick Lewis, “Britons Succumb to ‘Beatlemania,’” The New York Times, December 1, 1963, https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1963/12/01/105229577.html.
6. Jim Farber, “Beatles’ Historic Arrival in New York City 50 Years Ago Gave Big Apple Unforgettable Lift,” New York Daily News, January 24, 2014, https://nydailynews.com/new-york/beatles-electrified-nyc-50-years-article-1.1590579; Robert Alden, “Wild-Eyed Mobs Pursue Beatles; Dozen Girls Injured Here in Fervent Demonstrations,” The New York Times, February 13, 1964, https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1964/02/13/97379540.pdf.
7. Paul Russell, memo from Capitol Records, December 23, 1963, images accessed via http://rarebeatles.com/photopg2/comstk.htm.
8. James Barron, “Historic Hysterics: Witnesses to a Really Big Show,” The New York Times, February 7, 2014, https://nytimes.com/2014/02/08/nyregion/the-beatles-debut-on-ed-sullivan.html.
9. “What You Don’t Know About the Beatles’ U.S. Debut,” NBC News, February 7, 2014, https://nbcnews.com/nightly-news/what-you-dont-know-about-beatles-u-s-debut-n24171.
10. David Dempsey, “Why the Girls Scream, Weep, Flip; The Path to Understanding Is Psychological, Anthropological, and a Whole Lot Besides,” The New York Times, February 23, 1964, https://nytimes.com/1964/02/23/archives/why-the-girls-scream-weep-flip-the-path-to-understanding-is.html.
11. Theodor Adorno, “On the Fetish Character in Music and the Regression of Listening,” 1938, in The Culture Industry: Selected Essays on Mass Culture (London: Routledge, 2001), quoted by Dempsey, “Why the Girls Scream.”
12. Adorno, “On the Fetish Character in Music,” 53.
13. Dempsey, “Why the Girls Scream.”
14. Al Aronowitz, “Beatlemania in 1964: ‘This Has Gotten Entirely Out of Control,’” Saturday Evening Post, March 1964, in The Guardian, January 29, 2014, https://theguardian.com/music/2014/jan/29/the-beatles.
15. Casey McNerthney, “Beatles’ Stay at Edgewater Helped Mark Its Place in History,” Seattle P-I, August 19, 2009, https://seattlepi.com/local/article/Beatles-stay-at-Edgewater-helped-mark-its-place-1305857.php; Bob Greene, “Hotel Stripped Its Bed and Now Must Lie in It,” Chicago Tribune, August 18, 1993, https://chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1993-08-18-9308180075-story.html.
16. Jim Cushman, “A Beatle Slept with This: Pieces of the Mania,” Collectors Weekly, March 11, 2011, https://collectorsweekly.com/articles/a-beatle-slept-with-this-pieces-of-the-mania/.
17. Anthony Burton, “Beatlemania Hits N.Y.: The Beatles Appear on ‘The Ed Sullivan Show’ in 1964,” New York Daily News, February 10, 1964, https://nydailynews.com/entertainment/music/beatlemania-hits-new-york-beatles-ed-sullivan-article-1.2525425.
18. Alan Rinzler, “No Soul in Beatlesville,” The Nation, 1964, published online April 6, 2009, https://thenation.com/article/archive/no-soul-beatlesville/.
19. Bernard Hollowood, “Beatlemaniac,” Punch, reprinted in The New York Times, December 1, 1963, https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1963/12/01/105229577.pdf.
20. Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (New York: W. W. Norton, 1963), quoted in Ehrenreich et al., “Beatlemania.”
21. Ehrenreich et al., “Beatlemania,” 103.
22. Maureen Cleave, “Paul All Alone: Running Hard to Catch Up with the Music,” London Evening Standard, September 1, 1966.
23. Allison McCracken, interview with the author, November 8, 2019.
24. Allison McCracken, Real Men Don’t Sing: Crooning in American Culture (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2015), 201.
25. Allison McCracken, email to the author, June 1, 2021.
26. McCracken notes that this collection has shifted ownership and is now part of the University of California at Santa Barbara’s Performing Arts Collection.
27. McCracken, interview with the author, November 8, 2019.
28. McCracken, Real Men Don’t Sing, 201.
29. Ehrenreich et al., “Beatlemania,” 98.
30. George E. Pitts, “TV’s ‘American Bandstand’ a Noisy Menagerie!,” The Pittsburgh Courier, July 12, 1958, accessed via Newspapers.com.
31. Jon Caramanica, “Send in the Heartthrobs, Cue the Shrieks,” The New York Times, September 1, 2010, https://nytimes.com/2010/09/02/arts/music/02bieber.html.
32. James C. McKinley, Jr., “Bieber Fever Comes to Macy’s,” The New York Times, June 18, 2012, https://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/06/18/bieber-fever-comes-to-macys.
33. Jon Carmanica, “Riding the Boy Band Wave While It Lasts,” The New York Times, November 14, 2012, https://nytimes.com/2012/11/15/arts/music/one-direction-rides-boy-band-wave-with-take-me-home.html.
34. Jon Carmanica, “Heading Wherever, Together,” The New York Times, November 27, 2013, https://nytimes.com/2013/11/28/arts/music/one-direction-releases-a-new-album-midnight-memories.html.
35. Daniela Marino, interview with the author, October 29, 2019.
36. Freya Whitfield, interview with the author, September 22, 2019.
37. Jacob Gaspar, interview with the author, October 1, 2019.
38. “How to Kick the Beatle Habit,” Life, August 28, 1964.
39. Cheryl Tuso, letter to the editor, Life, October 9, 1964.
40. Ehrenreich et al., “Beatlemania.”