1. Morgan Rodriguez (@morganrodrigz), “what’s up guys one direction ruined my life stop celebrating 10 years grow up if they didn’t ruin you, you did it wrong,” Twitter, July 23, 2020, https://twitter.com/morganrodrigz/status/1286164440250028032.
2. @bailiebonitaa, “the only time I get seratonin is when I watch videos about a stupid boyband that isn’t even together anymore,” Twitter, February 19, 2020, https://twitter.com/bailiebonitaaa/status/1230220030010445826.
3. Alexander Cho, “Sensuous Participation: Queer Youth of Color, Affect, and Social Media” (Ph.D. diss., University of Texas at Austin, 2015), 60.
4. Megan McNeeley, interview with the author, October 24, 2019.
5. Chiara Mueller, interview with the author, October 30, 2019.
6. Ashlynne Arnett, interview with the author, November 14, 2019.
7. Jacob Gaspar, interview with the author, October 1, 2019.
8. Daniel Cavicchi, Tramps Like Us: Music and Meaning Among Springsteen Fans (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), 45–46.
9. Ibid., 43.
10. Ibid., 59.
11. Daniel Cavicchi, “Fandom Before ‘Fan’: Shaping the History of Enthusiastic Audiences,” Reception: Texts, Readers, Audiences, History 6 (2014): 52–72, https://doi.org/10.5325/reception.6.1.0052.
12. Lilian Min, “The Strange Story of How Internet Superfans Reclaimed the Insult ‘Trash,’” Splinter, May 19, 2016, https://splinternews.com/the-strange-story-of-how-internet-superfans-reclaimed-t-1793856895.
13. Henry Jenkins, interview with the author, November 5, 2019.
14. Dave Marsh, Glory Days: Bruce Springsteen in the 1980s (New York: Pantheon, 1987), 439.
15. Ibid., 16.
16. @LegitTayUpdates has been suspended from Twitter.
17. “Taking a Stan: An Interview with LegitTayUpdates,” Jacobin, April 8, 2019, https://jacobinmag.com/2019/04/israel-defense-forces-taylor-swift-fan.
18. Abby Armada, interview with the author, November 15, 2019.
19. Cavicchi, Tramps Like Us, 157.
20. Janice Radway, Reading the Romance: Women, Patriarchy, and Popular Literature (Durham: University of North Carolina Press, 1984), 102.
21. Ibid., 109.
22. Ibid., 103–104.
23. Laura Vroomen, “This Woman’s Work: Kate Bush, Female Fans, and Practices of Distinction” (Ph.D. diss., University of Warwick, 2002).
24. Angela Gibbs, interview with the author, October 11, 2019.
25. Liz Harvatine, interview with the author, September 25, 2019.
26. Lily Puckett, “I Think This Harry Styles Song Is About Abortion,” The Hairpin, May 15, 2017, https://medium.com/the-hairpin/i-think-this-harry-styles-song-is-about-abortion-9f63e1ba9eb5.
27. Daniel Cavicchi, interview with the author, November 5, 2019.