1. Kaitlyn Tiffany, “Harry Styles Fans Are Trying to Beat the Billboard Charts with VPNS and Mass Coordination,” The Verge, May 5, 2017, https://theverge.com/2017/5/5/15533760/harry-styles-streaming-data-billboard-tumblr-fan-effort.
2. Stephen Duncombe, Notes from Underground: Zines and the Politics of Alternative Culture (Cleveland, OH: Microcosm, 1997), 102.
3. Maggie Malach, “Directioners Are Trying to Buy One Direction,” PopCrush, April 3, 2015, https://popcrush.com/directioners-are-trying-to-buy-one-direction/.
4. Anna Franceschi, “Since this fandom is a black hole nowadays with no light at the end of the tunnel, I want to make a wish,” Tumblr, May 11, 2015.
5. Anonymous, “1DHQ is like that lazy partner you were paired up with for a school project so you have to do the whole thing yourself,” Tumblr, May 13, 2015.
6. Anonymous, “THE GAME PLAN: PROJECT NO CONTROL,” Tumblr, May 16, 2015.
7. 1dstreetteam, “No Control iTunes Sponsorships!,” Tumblr, May 16, 2015, https://1dstreetteam.tumblr.com/post/119130096269/no-control-itunes-sponsorships.
8. 1dstreetteam, “WE NEED SPONSORS FOR NO CONTROL!,” Tumblr, May 17, 2015, https://1dstreetteam.tumblr.com/post/119200745774/we-need-sponsors-for-no-control.
9. Denny’s Blog, “Denny’s how you feel about No Control?” Tumblr, May 14, 2015, https://blog.dennys.com/post/118909537588/dennys-how-you-feel-about-no-control.
10. The Late Late Show with James Corden, “One Direction & James Talk ‘No Control,’” YouTube video, May 15, 2015, https://youtu.be/a7nw4DQuI40.
11. “How My ‘Random Idea’ Led to a One Direction Single, Nearly,” BBC News, May 13, 2015, https://bbc.com/news/newsbeat-32719530.
12. Katie Buenneke, “One Direction Is Now a DIY Band,” LA Weekly, May 18, 2015, https://laweekly.com/one-direction-is-now-a-diy-band/.
13. beccasafan, Tumblr message to the author, June 5, 2021.
14. Anonymous, “It’s finally time for Home Sponsorships!,” Tumblr, April 24, 2016.
15. Kat Hazzard (@Kitty_16), “Also - I’m never going to end my one-woman campaign to get @onedirection and @benwinston to give us the finished(?) and buried music video for ‘Infinity,’” Twitter, November 13, 2020, https://twitter.com/Kitty_16/status/1327343057855946754.
16. @voguecigrry, “JUST HAND IT OVER. WHATEVER IT IS, EVEN IF IT’S A 3 SECOND CLIP OF NIALL EXHALING,” Twitter, November 13, 2020, https://twitter.com/voguecigrry/status/1327363427598098432.
17. @VictoriaPalms_, “ben have u seen the fancams this fandom makes? we dont care if its not edited chile we’re shitty editing connoisseurs,” Twitter, November 13, 2020, https://twitter.com/VictoriaPalms_/status/1327363262560817152.
18. Tiffany, “Harry Styles Fans Are Trying to Beat the Billboard Charts.”
19. Ibid.
20. Sarah Thornton, Club Cultures: Music, Media and Subcultural Capital (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1995), 137.
21. Olivia Diaz, interview with the author, August 13, 2020.
22. Olivia Diaz, “The Harry Styles Photo Dropper: A Campus Mystery,” The Review, October 24, 2019, https://uvureview.com/valley-life/artsculture/the-harry-styles-photo-dropper/.
23. Anonymous “Harry Fairy,” email to the author, August 16, 2020.
24. Anonymous “Harry Fairy,” interview with the author, August 16, 2020.