1. Niall Horan (@NiallOfficial), “Cmon Ireland! This is your day to make another great decision,” Twitter, May 25, 2018, https://twitter.com/NiallOfficial/status/999944836160655361.
2. Naomi Fry, “The Trouble with Elon Musk and Grimes,” The New Yorker, May 10, 2018, https://newyorker.com/culture/annals-of-appearances/the-trouble-with-elon-musk-and-grimes.
3. “One Direction’s Harry Planning to Restore Niall’s Barack Obama Waxwork,” Capital FM, December 15, 2011, https://capitalfm.com/artists/one-direction/news/niall-barack-obama-waxwork/.
4. Megan C. Hills, “One Direction Were Kicked Out of a Trump Hotel for a Selfish Reason,” Marie Claire, June 20, 2018, https://marieclaire.co.uk/neaws/celebrity-news/one-direction-trump-hotel-603502.
5. Niall Horan (@NiallOfficial), “@realDonaldTrump Wish you would use common sense before you open your mouth,” Twitter, April 26, 2020, https://twitter.com/niallofficial/status/1254379636324290560.
6. Niall Horan (@NiallOfficial), “THUGS?? these people are protesting against the fact that one of YOUR animalistic white policemen kneeled on George’s windpipe and forced him to stop breathing and killed him??,” Twitter, May 29, 2020, https://twitter.com/niallofficial/status/1266319868636389377.
7. Niall Horan (@NiallOfficial), “I wish I could vote in this election,” Twitter, October 28, 2020, https://twitter.com/NiallOfficial/status/1321409661334151168; Harry Styles (@Harry_Styles), “If I could vote in America, I’d vote with kindness,” Twitter, October 27, 2020, https://twitter.com/harry_styles/status/1321174540223795201.
8. Allyson Gross, “To Wave a Flag: Identification, #BlackLivesMatter, and Populism in Harry Styles Fandom,” Transformative Works and Cultures 32 (2020), https://doi.org/10.3983/twc.2020.1765.
9. Gabrielle Foster, interview with the author, May 3, 2020.
10. @sorrybythway, “@Harry_Styles use your fucking platform,” Twitter, November 1, 2017, https://twitter.com/sorrybythway/status/925859725635411968.
11. Anonymous, “I love harry he’s my safest place but I feel so disconnected,” Twitter, November 1, 2017.
12. Anonymous, “You flower, you white feministe,” Twitter, November 1, 2017.
13. Harry Styles (@harrystyles), “Love,” Instagram, November 2, 2017, https://instagram.com/p/Ba_3ik2DUXH/.
14. Chris Thomas, “Harry Styles: ‘If You Are Black, White, Gay, Straight, Transgender … I Support You,’” Out, November 6, 2017, https://out.com/music/2017/11/06/harry-styles-if-you-are-black-white-gay-straight-transgender-i-support-you.
15. Taylor Weatherby, “Liam Payne Is Not Homophobic, and Here’s His Twitter Rant to Prove It,” Billboard, August 19, 2015, https://billboard.com/articles/news/6670349/liam-payne-homophobic-accusation-twitter-response.
16. Tyler Scruggs, interview with the author, October 21, 2019.
17. Kat Lewis, email exchange with the author, October 28, 2020.
18. Bri Mattia, “Rainbow Direction and Fan-Based Citizenship Performance,” Journal of Transformative Works 28 (2018), https://doi.org/10.3983/twc.2018.1414.
19. Christian Guiltenane, “Liam Payne Talks Homophobia Accusations and Gay 1D Fan Fiction,” Attitude, issue 262, October 2015, https://attitude.co.uk/article/liam-payne-talks-homophobia-accusations-and-gay-1d-fan-fiction-in-attitude-archive-interview/14635/.
20. Ezz Mbamalu, interview with the author, November 1, 2019.
21. Ezz Mbamalu (@Nipsstagram), “BROWN SKIN AND LEMON OVER ICE!!!!! THE BLACKS HAVE FINALLY WON!,” Twitter, December 6, 2019, https://twitter.com/Nipsstagram/status/1202820299315666944.
22. @angeIsofcoIour, “harries of colour this one is going in the history books,” Twitter, December 6, 2019, https://twitter.com/angeIsofcoIour/status/1202822520585388033.
23. Elul Adoga, interview with the author, November 19, 2019.
24. The Black Harries Matter Twitter account (@blckharries) has since been suspended. I was unable to contact Gabrielle Foster to learn why, because our conversations took place over Twitter messages.
25. Rob Sheffield, “The Eternal Sunshine of Harry Styles,” Rolling Stone, August 26, 2019, https://rollingstone.com/music/music-features/harry-styles-cover-interview-album-871568/.
26. Kaitlyn Tiffany, “Why K-Pop Fans Are No Longer Posting About K-Pop,” The Atlantic, June 6, 2020, https://theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2020/06/twitter-k-pop-protest-black-lives-matter/612742/.
27. Teo Bugbee, “Structure! Sabotage! Salvation! K-Pop Has It All,” SSENSE, July 16, 2020, https://ssense.com/en-us/editorial/culture/structure-sabotage-salvation-k-pop-has-it-all.
28. Jessica Pruett, interview with the author, November 1, 2019.
29. 1dgaymagines, Tumblr, https://1dgaymagines.tumblr.com.