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Irish Language Glossary

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1560 atá ann.

The year is 1560. (COO-ig dyayg SHAS-ka ah-THAH unn)

A bhuanchara

My enduring friend (uh WOON-khar-uh)

A chara

My friend (uh KHAR-uh)

A chroí

My heart (uh KHREE)

A dhlúthchara

My best/closest friend (uh GGLOO-khar-uh)

A ghaiscígh bhig chróga

My brave little warrior (uh GGAsh-kee vig KHRO-ga)

A leanbh

My child (uh LAN-uh)

A mhuirnín dílis

My own true love (uh WUR-neen DEE-lish)

A mhuirnín

My beloved (uh WUR-neen)

A Niamh, a chailín chinn-óir!

Neave, my golden-haired lass! (uh NEE-uv, uh KHAHL-een khin-OAR)

A pheata

My pet (uh FATH-ah)

A rún

My love (uh ROON)

A rúnsearc

My darling love (uh ROON-shark)

Aengus Óg

God of love, Irish mythology (AIN-gus OHg)

Anamchara

Spiritual advisor, soul friend (AH-nam KHAR-uh)

Badhbh

Mórrígan’s sister/aspect of death and war, Irish mythology (BYv)

Baile na Lobhar

Town of the Lepers (BAL-eh na LO-ar)

Bean sídhe

Female spirit, the wailing harbinger of death, Irish mythology (ban-SHEE)

Belenus

God associated with the festival of Beltane, Irish mythology

Beltane

Gaelic May Day festival that falls halfway between the spring equinox and the summer solstice (BAL-thin-eh)

Bodhrán

Irish battle drum (BOH-rahn)

Brehon

Term for a judicial and mediative role in the indigenous Gaelic culture (BREH-hun)

Brigid

Goddess associated with spring, fire, healing, and renewal (BREE-d)

Cailleach Bhéara

Hag of Béara, an old crone who brings winter wherever she appears, Irish mythology (CAL-yakh VAIR-ah)

Carn

Man-made pile or stack of stones, Irish legends and folklore (CAHRN)

Crannóg

Island in the middle of a lake (CRAHN-nohg)

Crochadh

Public hanging as per brehon law (CROH-khoo)

Cú Chulainn

Irish mythological hero believed to be the incarnation of the god Lugh, who turned down Mórrígan’s offer of love and was in return severely punished by her, Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology (coo KHUL-in)

Currach

Boat made of wood, wicker, and animal skins and propelled by oars or sails (CURR-akh)

Danu

Mother goddess of the Tuatha Dé Danann, Irish mythology (DAN-uh)

Eimer

Wife of Cú Chulainn and his one true love, Irish mythology, Irish Éimhear (EE-mur)

Feadóg

A traditional Irish whistle (FAH-dog)

Feis

Traditionally, a Gaelic arts and culture festival, used here as a term for a celebration (FESH)

Fomorian

Supernatural race of giant monstrous beings who come from under the sea or the earth, Irish mythology

Gallowglass

From Irish gall óglaigh, elite mercenary warriors, who were members of the Norse-Gaelic clans of Scotland between the mid-thirteenth and the late sixteenth centuries (GAHL-OH-glee)

Is mian liom é a dhéanamh asam féin.

I wish to do it myself. (iss MEE-an lyum eh ah YEH-noo as-um HAIN)

Kercher

Medieval Irish linen headdress worn by married women

Is mise Niamh Bean Uí Néill.

My name is Neave O’Neal. (iss MISH-eh NEE-uv ban ee NYAIL)

Is mise Niamh Nic Conmidhe, bean Aodhán Uí Néill.

My name is Neave McConway, wife of Aedan O'Neal. (iss MISH-eh NEE-uv nick CUN-mee, ban AY-dahn ee NYAIL)

Kirtle

Medieval Irish woman’s gown

Léine

Linen tunic, an item of original Irish Gaelic attire (LAY-neh)

Lugh’s Invincible Spear

God Lugh possessed one of the treasures of Tuatha Dé Danann, the Invincible Spear that never missed its target. (LOOH)

Lughnasa

A Gaelic festival that marks the beginning of the harvest season (LOO-nah-sah)

Mórrígan

Goddess associated with fate, death, war, prophecy, and the Otherworld, Irish mythology (MOHR-REE-on)

Ní bheinn in ann é a dhéanamh i m'aonar, a chroí.

I couldn’t have done it alone, my heart. (nee VAY-in in UN eh ah YEH-noo im AIN-ur uh KHREE)

Oisín

In the Irish myth of Oisín and Niamh (Neave), a human hero Oisín (USH-een) falls in love with goddess Niamh, who brings him with her to Tír na nÓg. After spending three years there, he grows homesick and wants to visit home. Niamh gives him a magical horse and warns him not to touch the ground. After Oisín discovers that three hundred years had passed while he was in Tír na nÓg, he falls from the horse, becomes an old man, and dies of old age.

Rinne tú asat féin é, a rún.

You did it yourself, my love. (RIN thoo ah-sat HAIN eh, uh ROON)

Samhain

Gaelic festival that marks the end of the harvest season, modern Halloween (SAH-win)

Scian

Double-edged dagger, typically bronze, used in medieval Ireland (SHKEE-an)

Siúil a Rún

Traditional Irish song, sung by a woman lamenting a lover going into a battle (SHOO-il uh ROON)

Sláinte

May you be well! (SLAHN-tcha)

Tá mé naoi mbliana déag d’aois.

I’m nineteen years old. (thah may NEE MLEE-ah-nah dyayg THEESH)

Tanistry

An early Irish system for electing a king or a chief to pass on titles and lands, not necessarily based on heredity.

Tar ar ais chugam, a Niamh.

Come back to me, Neave. (thar ah-RASH hug-um, ah nee-uv)

Tá grá agam duit.

I love you. (thah GRAH ah-gum dits)

Tabhair abhaile mé.

Take me home. (thor ah-WAL-eh may)

Tech Duinn

The House of Donn (The Dark One), a place where the souls of the dead wait before traveling to the Otherworld or before being reincarnated, Irish mythology (TSAKH DIN)

The Hill of Tullaghoge

The Hill of the Warriors, the seat of the O’Neals (TUL-ly-HOG)

Tír na nÓg

Celtic Otherworld, a paradise of everlasting beauty, health, youth, and joy, Irish mythology (TSEER nah NOHG)

Tuatha Dé Danann

People of goddess Danu, a supernatural race that represents the main deities of the pre-Christian Gaelic Ireland, Irish mythology (THOO-ah-hah DSAY DAN-uhn)

Tuireann

Thunder (thUR-in)

Venetian ceruse

A cosmetic used as a skin whitener in the Middle Ages