In 1805 Royal Navy Commander (later Admiral) Francis Beaufort (1774–1857) devised his eponymous scale to describe the effect of wind on a man-of-war. The British Navy declared it mandatory in 1838 and it was expanded to include land conditions by the International Meteorological Committee in 1874. This confined the scale to effect rather than speed; the speeds of each number were not agreed upon until 1926. Beaufort’s name is also attached to a sea at the edge of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.