REFERENCES

ARCHIVES
AOTsPSI	Arkhivnyi Otdel Tsentra Pravovoi Statistiki i Informatsii pri Prokurature Karagandinskoi Oblasti (Archive Department of the Center for Legal Statistics and Information under the Procurator of the Karaganda Region), Karaganda.
APRK	Arkhiv Prezidenta Respubliki Kazakhstana (Presidential Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan), Almaty.
GARF	Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii (State Archive of the Russian Federation), Moscow.
NIPTs	Nauchno-Informatsionnyi i Prosvetitel’skii Tsentr “Memorial” (Scientific Information and Enlightenment Center “Memorial”), Moscow.
RGANI	Rossiiskii Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Noveishei Istorii (Russian State Archive of Contemporary History), Moscow.
RGASPI	Rossiiskii Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Sotsial’no-Politicheskoi Istorii (Russian State Archive of Sociopolitical History), Moscow.
TNA PRO	The National Archives of the United Kingdom, Public Records Office, London.

DOCUMENTARY FILMS

The Germans We Kept. Directed by Catrine Clay. BBC and History Channel, 2000.

Stolen Years. Directed by Bruce Kenneth Young. South Carolina Educational Television, 1999.

MEMOIRS, OFFICIAL SOVIET PUBLICATIONS, AND DOCUMENT PUBLICATIONS

Afanas’ev, Iurii Nikolaevich, et al., eds. Istoriia stalinskogo Gulaga: Konets 1920-kh–pervaia polovina 1950-kh godov: Sobranie dokumentov v 7-mi tomakh. Moscow: Rosspen, 2004.

Auman, Vladimir A., and Valentina G. Chebotareva eds. Istoriia rossiiskikh nemtsev v dokumentakh (1763–1992 gg.). Moscow: Mezhdunarodnyi institut gumanitarnykh programm, 1993.

Bachmann, Berta. Memories of Kazakhstan: A Report on the Life Experiences of a German Woman in Russia. Lincoln, NE: American Historical Society of Germans, 1983.

Bardach, Janusz, and Kathleen Gleeson. Man Is Wolf to Man: Surviving the Gulag. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.

Bardach, Janusz, and Kathleen Gleeson. Surviving Freedom: After the Gulag. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.

Bershadskaia, Liubov’. Rastoptannye zhizni. Paris: Piat’ kontinentov, 1975.

Buber, Margarete. Under Two Dictators. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1949.

Buca, Edward. Vorkuta. London: Constable, 1976.

Bugai, Nikolai F., ed. “Mobilizovat’ nemtsev v rabochie kolonny . . . I. Stalin” Sbornik dokumentov (1940-e gody). Moscow: Gotika, 1998.

Dolgun, Alexander, with Patrick Watson. Alexander Dolgun’s Story: An American in the Gulag. New York: Knopf, 1975.

Fel’dman, Artem. Riadovoe delo. Moscow: Memorial, 1993.

Frants, V. “Vosstanie v Kengire.” Sotsialisticheskii vestnik, no. 6 (1956): 104–10.

Gilboa, Yehoshua. Confess! Confess! Eight Years in Soviet Prisons. Boston: Little, Brown, 1968.

Ginzburg, Eugenia. Journey into the Whirlwind. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1967.

———. Within the Whirlwind. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981.

Gorky, Maksim, Leopol’d Auerbach, and Semen Firin, eds. Belomor: An Account of the Construction of the New Canal between the White Sea and the Baltic Sea. Translated by Amabel Williams-Ellis. New York: H. Smith and R. Haas, 1935.

The GULAG Press, 1920–1937. Leiden, Netherlands: IDC Publishers, 2000.

“Gulag v gody voiny: Doklad nachal’nika GULAGa NKVD SSSR V. G. Nasedkina, avgust 1944 g.” Istoricheskii arkhiv, no. 3 (1994): 60–86.

Herling, Gustav. A World Apart: The Journal of a Gulag Survivor. New York: Arbor House, 1951.

Iakovenko, Dmitrii. “Osuzhden po 58-i.” Zvezda Vostoka 57, no. 4 (1989): 64–85.

Kashkinoi, I. V. “‘Ia khochu znat’ prichinu moego aresta . . . ’: Pis’mo V. N. Pilishchuka—byvshego zakliuchennogo Karlaga.” In Golosa Istorii, ed. Isaak S. Rozental’, vypusk 23, kniga 2. Moscow: Tsentral’nyi muzei revoliutsii, 1992.

Kekushev, Nikolai L’vovich. Zveriada. Moscow: Iuridicheskaia literatura, 1991.

Kiselev, Aleksandr F., and Ernst M. Shchagin, eds. Khrestomatiia po otechestvennoi istorii (1946–1995 gg.). Moscow: Gumanitarnyi izdatel’skii tsentr VLADOS, 1996.

Kmiecik, Jerzy. A Boy in the Gulag. London: Quartet Books, 1983.

Kokurin, Aleksandr, and Nikolai Petrov, eds. GULAG: (Glavnoe upravlenie lagerei), 1917–1960. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnyi fond “Demokratiia,” 2000.

Kopelev, Lev. To Be Preserved Forever. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1977.

———. The Education of a True Believer. New York: Harper and Rowe, 1980.

Korol’, Maia. Odisseia razvedchika: Pol’sha–SShA–Kitai–GULAG. Moscow: Izdatel’stvo Rossiiskogo obshchestva medikov-literaturov, 1999.

Krasil’nikov, Sergei A., ed. “Rozhdenie Gulaga: Diskussiia v verkhnykh eshelonakh vlasti.” Istoricheskii arkhiv 4 (1997): 142–56.

Mitropol’skaia, T. B., and I. N. Bukhanova eds. Iz istorii nemtsev Kazakhstana, 1921–1975 gg.: Sbornik dokumentov. Almaty, Kazkhstan: Gotika, 1997.

Naumov, V. P., and Iu. V. Sigachev, eds. Lavrentii Beriia, 1953: Stenogramma iiul’skogo plenuma TsK KPSS i drugie dokumenty. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnyi fond “Demokratiia,” 1999.

Panin, Dmitri. The Notebooks of Sologdin. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1976.

Petrov, Vladimir. Escape from the Future: The Incredible Adventures of a Young Russian. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1973.

Rachlin, Rachel, and Israel Rachlin. Sixteen Years in Siberia. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1988.

Rossi, Jacques. The Gulag Handbook: An Encyclopedia Dictionary of Soviet Penitentiary Institutions and Terms Related to the Forced Labor Camps. New York: Paragon House, 1989.

Scholmer, Joseph. Vorkuta. New York: Holt, 1955.

Shumuk, Danylo. Life Sentence: Memoirs of a Ukrainian Political Prisoner. Edmonton: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, 1984.

Adamova-Sliozberg, Olga. “My Journey.” In Till My Tale Is Told: Women’s Memoirs of the Gulag, ed. Simeon Vilensky, 1–88. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999.

Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr I. The Gulag Archipelago, 1918–1956: An Experiment in Literary Investigation. Translated by Thomas P. Whitney. 3 vols. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991.

“Spetspereselentsy v SSSR v 1944 godu ili god bol’shogo pereseleniia.” Otechestvennye arkhivy, no. 5 (1993): 98–111.

Stalin, Joseph V. Joseph Stalin: Selected Writings. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1970.

Stefanskaia, Militsa Cheslavovna. Chernoe i beloe. Moscow: Suzdalev, 1994.

Steinberg, Isaac. Spiridonova: Revolutionary Terrorist. London: Methuen, 1935.

“Tragediia v medvedevskom lesu: o rasstrele politzakliuchennykh Orlovskoi tiur’my.” Izvestiia TsK KPSS, no. 11 (1990): 124–31.

Varkony, Fedir. “The Revolt in Kingir.” In 500 Ukrainian Martyred Women, ed. Stephania Halychyn, 22–29. New York: United Ukrainian Women’s Organization of America, 1956.

Vilenskii, Semen S., ed. Soprotivlenie v Gulage: Vospominaniia, pis’ma, dokumenty. Moscow: Vozvrashchenie, 1992.

Vilensky, Simeon, ed. Till My Tale Is Told: Women’s Memoirs of the Gulag. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999.

“‘Voennoplennye oznakomilis’s metodami sotsialisticheskogo stroitel’stva,’ Dokladnaia zapiska MVD SSSR.” Istochnik, no. 1 (1999): 83–88.

“Vosstanie v Steplage.” Otechestvennye arkhivy, no. 4 (1994): 33–81.

Vyshinsky, Andrei, ed. Ot tiurem k vospitatel’nym uchrezdeniiam. Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo Sovetskoe zakonodatel’stvo, 1934.

Werth, Nicolas, and Gael Moullec, eds. Rapports Secrets Sovietiques: La Societe Russe Dans Les Documents Confidentiels, 1921–1991. Paris: Gallimard, 1994.

SCHOLARLY WORKS

Abdakimov, Abdazhapar. Totalitarizm: Deportatsiia narodov i repressiia intelligentsii. Karaganda: Apparat akima Karagandinskoi oblasti, 1997.

Adler, Nanci. The Gulag Survivor: Beyond the Soviet System. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2002.

Aldazhumanov, Kaidar S. “Deportatsiia narodov—prestuplenie totalitarnogo rezhima.” In Deportatsiia narodov i problema prav cheloveka: Materialy seminara, Almaty 12 iiunia 1997 goda, ed. Igor’ Trutanov, Vladislav Nabokov, and Iurii Romanov, 10–19. Almaty, Kazakhstan: Istorichesko-prosvetitel’skoe obshchestvo “Adilet,” 1998.

Alexopoulos, Golfo. Stalin’s Outcasts: Aliens, Citizens, and the Soviet State, 1926–1936. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2003.

———. “Amnesty 1945: The Revolving Door of Stalin’s Gulag. “ Slavic Review 64, no. 2 (2005): 274–306.

Applebaum, Anne. Gulag: A History. New York: Doubleday, 2003.

Arendt, Hannah. The Origins of Totalitarianism. Cleveland: Meridian Books, 1958.

Avrich, Paul. Kronstadt, 1921. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1970.

Bacon, Edwin. The Gulag at War: Stalin’s Forced Labour System in the Light of the Archives. London: Macmillan, 1994.

Barber, John, and Mark Harrison. The Soviet Home Front, 1941–1945: A Social and Economic History of the USSR in World War II. London: Longman, 1991.

Barnes, Steven A. “All for the Front, All for Victory! The Mobilization of Forced Labor in the Soviet Union during World War Two,” International Labor and Working Class History 58 (Fall 2000): 239–60.

———. “Soviet Society Confined: The Gulag in the Karaganda Region of Kazakhstan, 1930s–1950s.” PhD diss., Stanford University, 2003.

———. “In a Manner Befitting Soviet Citizens: An Uprising in the Post–Stalin Gulag,” Slavic Review 64, no. 4 (Winter 2005): 823–50.

Baron, Nicholas. “Conflict and Complicity: The Expansion of the Karelian Gulag, 1923–1933.” Cahiers du Monde russe 42, nos. 2–4 (2001): 615–48.

———. “Production and Terror: The Operation of the Karelian Gulag, 1933–1939.” Cahiers du Monde russe 43, no. 1 (2002): 139–80.

Baron, Samuel H. Bloody Saturday in the Soviet Union: Novocherkassk 1962. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001.

Bauman, Zygmunt. Modernity and the Holocaust. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1989.

Beer, Daniel. Renovating Russia: The Human Sciences and the Fate of Liberal Modernity, 1880–1930. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2008.

Bell, Wilson. “One Day in the Life of Educator Khrushchev: Labour and Kul’turnost’ in the Gulag Newspapers.” Canadian Slavonic Papers 46, nos. 3–4 (2004): 289–313.

Berdinskikh, Viktor. Istoriia odnogo lageria (Viatlag). Moscow: Agraf, 2001.

Borodkin, Leonid I., Paul Gregory, and Oleg V. Khlevniuk, eds. GULAG: Ekonomika prinuditel’nogo truda. Moscow: Rosspen, 2008.

Brown, Kate. A Biography of No Place: From Ethnic Borderland to Soviet Heartland. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.

Burds, Jeffrey. “Agentura: Soviet Informants’ Networks and the Ukrainian Rebel Underground in Galicia, 1944–1948.” East European Politics and Societies 11, no. 1 (1997): 89–130.

———. “The Early Cold War in Soviet West Ukraine, 1944–1948.” Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies, no. 1505, University of Pittsburgh, 2001.

———. “Gender and Policing in Soviet West Ukraine, 1944–1948.” Cahiers du monde russe 42, nos. 2–4 (2001): 279–319.

———. “The Soviet War against ‘Fifth Columnists’: The Case of Chechnya, 1942–4.” Journal of Contemporary History 42, no. 2 (2007): 267–314.

Conquest, Robert. Kolyma: The Arctic Death Camps. New York: Viking Press, 1978.

———. The Great Terror: A Reassessment. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.

Craveri [Kraveri], Marta. “Krizis Gulaga: Kengirskoe vosstanie 1954 goda v dokumentakh MVD.” Cahiers du Monde russe 36, no. 3 (1995): 319–44.

Craveri [Kraveri], Marta, and Oleg Khlevniuk. “Krizis ekonomiki MVD (konets 1940-kh–1950-e gody).” Cahiers du Monde russe 36, nos. 1–2 (1995): 179–90.

Dallin, David J., and Boris I. Nicolaevsky. Forced Labor in Soviet Russia. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1947.

Daumantas, Juozas. Fighters for Freedom: Lithuanian Partisans versus the U.S.S.R. (1944–1947). Translated by E. J. Harrison. New York: Manyland Books, 1975.

David-Fox, Michael. “On the Primacy of Ideology: Soviet Revisionists and Holocaust Deniers (in Response to Martin Malia).” Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 5, no. 1 (2004): 81–105.

Dobson, Miriam. “‘Show the Bandit-Enemies No Mercy!’: Amnesty, Criminality, and Public Response in 1953.” In The Dilemma of De-Stalinization: Negotiating Cultural and Social Change in the Khrushchev Era, ed. Polly Jones, 21–40. Abingdon, UK: Routledge, 2006.

———. Khrushchev’s Cold Summer: Gulag Returnees, Crime, and the Fate of Reform after Stalin. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2009.

Elagin, Andrei Sergeevich, A. K. Ivanenko, and B. N. Abisheva. Karaganda. Almaty, Kazakhstan: “Nauka” Kazakhskoi SSR, 1989.

Ertz, Simon. “Trading Effort for Freedom: Workday Credits in the Stalinist Camp System.” Comparative Economic Studies 47, no. 2 (2005): 476–91.

Figes, Orlando. The Whisperers: Private Life in Stalin’s Russia. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2007.

Fleischhauer, Ingeborg. “The Ethnic Germans under Nazi Rule.” In Soviet Germans: Past and Present, ed. Ingeborg Fleischhauer and Benjamin Pinkus, 92–102. London: Hurst, 1986).

———. “‘Operation Barbarossa’ and the Deportation.” In The Soviet Germans: Past and Present, ed. Ingeborg Fleischhauer and Benjamin Pinkus, 66–91. London: Hurst, 1986.

Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York: Vintage Books, 1977.

Gelb, Michael. “An Early Soviet Ethnic Deportation: The Far-Eastern Koreans.” Russian Review 54, no. 3 (July 1995): 389–412.

———. “The Western Finnic Minorities and the Origins of the Stalinist Nationalities Deportations.” Nationalities Papers 24, no. 2 (1996): 237–68.

Getty, J. Arch. Origins of the Great Purges: The Soviet Communist Party Reconsidered, 1933–1938. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

Getty, J. Arch, Gábor Tamás Rittersporn, and Viktor N. Zemskov. “Victims of the Soviet Penal System in the Pre-war Years: A First Approach on the Basis of Archival Evidence.” American Historical Review (October 1993): 1017–49.

Getzler, Israel. Kronstadt 1917–1921: The Fate of a Soviet Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

Gorlanov, Oleg A., and Arsenii B. Roginskii. “Ob arestakh v zapadnykh oblastiakh Belorussii i Ukraini v 1939–1941 gg.” In Repressii protiv poliakov i pol’skikh grazhdan, ed. Aleksandr E. Gur’ianov, 77–113. Moscow: Zven’ia, 1997.

Graziosi, Andrea. “The Great Strikes of 1953 in Soviet Labor Camps in the Accounts of Their Participants: A Review.” Cahiers du Monde russe et sovietique 33, no. 4 (1992): 419–46.

Gregory, Paul R., and Valerii Vasil’evich Lazarev, eds. The Economics of Forced Labor: The Soviet Gulag. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 2003.

Grinev, Vladimir M., and Aleksandr Iu. Daniel’. Uznitsy ‘ALZhIRa’: spisok zhenshchin-zakliuchennykh Akmolinskogo i drugikh otdelenii Karlaga. Moscow: Zven’ia, 2003.

Gross, Jan T. Revolution from Abroad: The Soviet Conquest of Poland’s Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia. Exp. ed. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002.

Gur’ianov, Aleksandr E. “Pol’skie spetspereselentsy v SSSR v 1940–1941 gg.” In Repressii protiv poliakov i pol’skikh grazhdan, ed. Aleksandr E. Gur’ianov, 114–36. Moscow, 1997.

Gvozdkova, Liubov’. Prinuditel’nyi trud. Ispravitel’no-trudovye lageriakh v Kuzbasse (30–50-e gg.). 2 vols. Kemerovo: Kuzbassvuzizdat, 1994.

Hagenloh, Paul. “‘Socially Harmful Elements’ and the Great Terror.” In Stalinism: New Directions, ed. Sheila Fitzpatrick, 286–308. London: Routledge, 2000.

———. Stalin’s Police: Public Order and Mass Repression in the USSR, 1926–1941. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2009.

Halfin, Igal. Terror in My Soul: Communist Autobiographies on Trial. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003.

Harris, James R. “The Growth of the Gulag: Forced Labor in the Urals Region, 1929–1931.” Russian Review 56 (April 1997) 265–80.

Harrison, Mark. “Resource Mobilization for World War II: The U.S.A., U.K., U.S.S.R., and Germany, 1938–1945.” Economic History Review 41 (1988): 171–92.

———. Accounting for War: Soviet Production, Employment, and the Defence Burden, 1940–1945. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Healey, Dan. Homosexual Desire in Revolutionary Russia: The Regulation of Sexual and Gender Dissent. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001.

Heinzen, James. “Corruption in the Gulag: Dilemmas of Officials and Prisoners.” Comparative Economic Studies 47, no. 2 (2005): 456–75.

Hellbeck, Jochen. “Speaking Out: Languages of Affirmation and Dissent in Stalinist Russia.” Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 1, no. 1 (2000): 71–96.

Hessler, Julie. A Social History of Soviet Trade: Trade Policy, Retail Practices, and Consumption, 1917–1953. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004.

Hirsch, Francine. Empire of Nations: Ethnographic Knowledge and the Making of the Soviet Union. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2005.

Hoffmann, David L. Stalinist Values: The Cultural Norms of Soviet Modernity. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2003.

Hoffman, David L., and Yanni Kotsonis, eds. Russian Modernity: Politics, Knowledge, Practices. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2000.

Holquist, Peter. “‘Information Is the Alpha and Omega of Our Work’: Bolshevik Surveillance in Its Pan-European Context.” Journal of Modern History 69, no. 3 (1997): 415–50.

———. “State Violence as Technique: The Logic of Violence in Soviet Totalitarianism.” In Landscaping the Human Garden: Twentieth-Century Population Management in a Comparative Framework, ed. Amir Weiner, 19–45. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2003.

Horn, David G. Social Bodies: Science, Reproduction, and Italian Modernity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994.

Ivanova, Galina Mikhailovna. Labor Camp Socialism: The Gulag in the Soviet Totalitarian System. Translated by Carol Flath. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 2000. Originally published as Gulag v sisteme totalitarnogo gosudarstva (Moscow: Moskovskii obshchestvennyi nauchnyi fond, 1997.

Ivashov, L., and A. Emelin, interviewees. “Gulag v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi Voiny.” Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal, no. 1 (1991): 14–24.

Izmozik, Vladlen. Glaza i ushi rezhima: gosudarstvennyi politicheskii kontrol za naseleniem Sovetskoi Rossii v 1918–1928 godakh. Saint Petersburg: Izdatel’stvo Sankt-peterburgskogo universiteta ekonomiki i finansov, 1995.

Jakobson, Michael. Origins of the Gulag: The Soviet Prison-Camp System, 1917–1934. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1993.

Jolluck, Katherine R. Exile and Identity: Polish Women in the Soviet Union during World War II. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2002.

Keep, John. “Recent Writing on Stalin’s Gulag: An Overview.” Crime, Histoire, and Sociétés 1, no. 2 (1997): 91–112.

Khlevniuk, Oleg. The History of the Gulag: From Collectivization to the Great Terror. Trans. Vadim A. Staklo. Ed. David J. Nordlander. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004.

Khlevnyuk, Oleg. “The Economy of the Gulag.” In Behind the Façade of Stalin’s Command Economy, ed. Paul R. Gregory, 111–30. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 2001.

Kliuchnikova, Galina Stepanova. Kazakhstanskii Alzhir. Malinovka, Kazakhstan: Kazakhstan: Assotsiatsiia zhertv nezakonnykh repressii, 2003.

Knight, Amy W. Beria, Stalin’s First Lieutenant. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993.

Koch, Fred C. The Volga Germans: In Russia and the Americas, from 1763 to the Present. University Park: Penn State University Press, 1977.

Kokurin, Aleksandr, and Nikita Petrov. “Arkhiv. GULAG: Strukture i kadry.” Svobodnaia mysl’ no. 3 (2000): 105–23.

Kolakowski, Leszek. Main Currents of Marxism: Its Rise, Growth, and Dissolution, Volume I: The Founders. Trans. Paul S. Falla. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978.

Kotkin, Stephen. Magnetic Mountain: Stalinism as a Civilization. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.

Kozlov, Denis. “The Readers of Novyi Mir, 1945–1970: Twentieth-Century Experience and Soviet Historical Consciousness.” PhD diss., University of Toronto, 2005.

Kozlov, Vladimir. Massovye besporiadki v SSSR pri Khrushcheve i Brezhneve, 1953-nachalo 1980-kh gg. Novosibirsk: Sibirskii khronograf, 1999. Translated as Mass Uprisings in the USSR: Protest and Rebellion in the Post-Stalin Years (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 2002).

Kirillov, V. M. Istoriia repressii v Nizhnetagil’skom regione Urala. 1920-e–nachalo 50-kh gg. Tom 1: Repressii 1920–1930-kh gg., tom 2: Tagillag 1940-e–nach. 50-kh gg. Nizhnii Tagil: Nizhnetagil’skii gosudarstvennyi pedagogicheskii institut, 1996.

Krasil’nikov, Sergei Aleksandrovich. Serp i molokh. Krest’ianskaia ssylka v Zapadnoi Sibiri v 1930–e gg. Moscow: Rosspen, 2003.

Kukushkina, Anfisa R. Akmolinskii lager’ zhen ‘izmennikov rodiny’: Istoriia i sud’by. Karaganda: Kazakhstanskii finansovo–ekonomicheskii universitet, 2002.

Kuromiya, Hiroaki. Freedom and Terror in the Donbas: A Ukrainian-Russian Borderland, 1870s–1990s. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Kuziakina, Natalia. Theatre in the Solovki Prison Camp. Translated by Boris M. Meerovich. Newark, NJ: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1995.

Laar, Mart. War in the Woods: Estonia’s Struggle for Survival, 1944–1956. Translated by Tiina Ets. Washington, DC: Compass Press, 1992.

Lenin, Vladimir. Polnoe sobranie sochinenii. Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo politicheskoi literatury, 1958–65.

Lewin, Moshe. “Who Was the Soviet Kulak?” In The Making of the Soviet System: Essays in the Social History of Interwar Russia, 121–41. New York: New Press, 1994.

Manley, Rebecca. To the Tashkent Station: Evacuation and Survival in the Soviet Union at war. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2009.

Martin, Terry. “The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing.” Journal of Modern History 70, no. 4 (1998): 813–61.

———. The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923–1939. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001.

Morozov, Nikolai Alekseevich. Gulag v Komi krae. Syktyvkar: Izd–vo Syktyvkarskogo Universiteta, 1997.

Naimark, Norman M. Fires of Hatred: Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001.

Nikitina, Ol’ga Aleksandrovna. Kollektivizatsiia i raskulachivanie v Karelii. Petrozavodsk: Karel’skii Nauchnyi tsentr RAN, 1997.

Nordlander, David J. “Capital of the Gulag: Magadan in the Early Stalin Era, 1929–1941.” PhD diss., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1997.

———. “Origins of a Gulag Capital: Magadan and Stalinist Control in the Early 1930s.” Slavic Review 57, no. 4 (Winter 1998): 791–812.

R. N. Nurgaliev, ed. Karaganda, Karagandinskaia oblast’: Entsiklopediia. Almaty, Kazakhstan: Kazakhskaia sovetskaia entsiklopediia, 1986.

Osokina, Elena. Our Daily Bread: Socialist Distribution and the Art of Survival in Stalin’s Russia, 1927–1941. Translated by Greta Bucher. Edited by Kate S. Transchel. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 2000.

Overy, Richard. Russia’s War: A History of the Soviet War Effort: 1941–1945. New York: Penguin, 1998.

Pankov, S. A. “Lagernaia sistema i prinuditel’nyi trud v Sibiri i na Dal’nem vostoke 1929–1941 gg.” In Vozvrashchenie pamiati. Istoriko-publitsisticheskii al’manakh. Vyp. 3, ed. Irina Vladimirovna Pavlova, 37–67. Novosibirsk: Novosibirskoe knizhnoe izdatel’stvo, 1997.

Pianciola, Niccolo. “The Collectivization Famine in Kazakhstan, 1931–1933.” Harvard Ukrainian Studies 25, nos. 3–4 (2001): 237–51.

———. “Famine in the Steppe: The Collectivization of Agriculture and the Kazakh Herdsmen, 1928–1934.” Cahiers du monde russe 45, nos. 1–2 (2004): 137–92.

Pohl, J. Otto. The Stalinist Penal System: A Statistical History of Soviet Repression and Terror, 1930–1953. Jefferson, NC: McFarland and Company, 1997.

Popov, V. P. “Gosudarstvennyi terror v sovetskoi Rossii, 1923–1953 gg. (istochniki i ikh interpretatsiia).” Otechestvennye Arkhivy, no. 2 (1992): 20–31.

Rittersporn, Gábor Tamás. Stalinist Simplifications and Soviet Complications: Social Tensions and Political Conflicts in the USSR. Chur, Switzerland: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1991.

Rossman, Jeffrey. Worker Resistance under Stalin: Class and Revolution on the Shop Floor. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005.

Ruder, Cynthia. Making History for Stalin: The Story of the Belomor Canal. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1998.

Sannikov, Georgii. Bol’shaia okhota: Razgrom vooruzhennogo podpol’ia v zapadnoi Ukraine. Moscow: Olma–Press, 2002.

Scott, James C. Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998.

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