Index

#

#160 “Una canción a Albizu Campos” (#160 “A Song to Abizu Campos”) (Burgos), 1

#167 “23 de septiembre” (#167 “23rd of September”) (Burgos), 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3

#168 “Es nuestra la hora” (#168 “Ours Is the Hour”) (Burgos), 1

#172 “Hora Santa” (“Holy Hour”) (Burgos), 1 , 2

#174 “Ibero-América resurge ante Bolívar” (“Ibero-America Resurges before Bolívar”) (Burgos), 1

#178 “Responso de ocho partidas” (#178 “Responsory of Eight Departures”) (Burgos), 1

A

Abraham Lincoln Brigade, 1 , 2

Abramson, Michael, 1

Abrazo interno (Internal Embrace) (Soto Vélez), 1

Abu-Jamal, Mumia, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8

See also “All Things Censored: The Poem NPR Doesn’t Want You to Hear” (Espada, M.) See also “Another Nameless Prostitute Says the Man Is Innocent” (Espada, M.) See also “Prisoner AM-8335 and His Library of Lions” (Espada, M.)

Achebe, Chinua, 1

acknowledged legislator, 1.1-1.2

disimagination and, 1

Espada, M. and, 1

Shelley and, 1

Whitman and, 1 , 2

Acosta, Luis Garden, 1 , 2

“

“The Admiral and the Snake” (Espada, M.), 1

“An Admirer of General Pinochet Writes to the Web Site of General Pinochet to Wish General Pinochet a Happy Birthday” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2

A

advocacy poetry See poetics of advocacy

Against Forgetting: Twentieth Century Poetry of Witness (Forché), 1

“

“Again the Mercenaries: Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua, 4th of July 1982” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2.1-2.2

A

Agee, James, 1

Agüeros, Jack, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

Aguilar, Mario, 1 , 2 , 3

Alabanza: New and Selected Poems (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3.1-3.2 , 4.1-4.2 , 5.1-5.2 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12

resistance literature and, 1.1-1.2

See also specific poems

“

“Alabanza: In Praise of Local 100” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3.1-3.2 , 4.1-4.2 , 5 , 6

code-switching in, 1

poetry of liberation and, 1.1-1.2

Zinn and, 1.1-1.2

See also Windows on the World (restaurant)

A

Alabanza en la Torre de Ciales (Corretjer), 1.1-1.2

Albizu Campos, Pedro, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6

Nationalist Party and, 1

Alegría, Claribel, 1

Algarín, Miguel, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

Ali, Agha Shahid, 1.1-1.2

Allende, Salvador, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

“

“All the People Who Are Now Red Trees” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3.1-3.2

“All Things Censored: The Poem NPR Doesn’t Want You to Hear” (Espada, M.), 1

See also Abu-Jamal, Mumia See also “Another Nameless Prostitute Says the Man Is Innocent” (Espada, M.)

A

All Things Considered (NPR show), 1

al Qaeda, 1

Amazing Grace: An Anthology of Poems about Slavery (Basker), 1

American Book Award, 1 , 2 , 3

American Experience (PBS documentary), 1

Amherst College, Martín Espada Papers at, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2

“Controversies, 1995–2003” in, 1

“Correspondence, 1983–2003” in, 1.1-1.2

Nike and, 1

NPR and, 1

“Personal Affairs, 1957–2003” in, 1.1-1.2

anaphora, 1 , 2

“

“Andando de noche sola” (Corretjer), 1.1-1.2

A

Anderson, Loni, 1

And the Dogs Were Silent (Césaire), 1

Angelou, Maya, 1

Anglophone Caribbean literature, 1

“

“Another Bomb Threat” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2

“Another Nameless Prostitute Says the Man Is Innocent” (Espada, M.), 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3 , 4

A

Anteparaíso (Zurita), 1

Anthology of Modern Poetry (Nelson, C.), 1

anticipatory consciousness, 1

Anti-Imperialist League of the Americas, 1

Antillean Federation, 1

antiwar poems, 1

Anzaldúa, Gloria, 1 , 2.1-2.2

apartheid, 1 , 2.1-2.2

Arboles (Soto Vélez), 1

Arendt, Hannah, 1

“

“Argue Not Concerning God” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2.1-2.2

A

Arias, Santa, 1 , 2

Armas (newspaper), 1

“

“A Roosevelt” (Darío), 1

“Arrival” (Guillén), Williams, W., and, 1

A

assassination, 1

of Kennedy, 1 , 2 , 3

of Riggs, 1

L

La Atalaya de los Dioses, 1

A

August, Richard, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

austerity measures, neoliberalism and, 1

author-function, 1

autobiographical poems, 1 , 2

autoethnography, 1

Ayala, Naomi, 1

Azank, Natasha, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2

Azócar, Nelson, 1.1-1.2

B

Baca, Jimmy Santiago, 1 , 2

Baldwin, James, 1 , 2 , 3

Thomas and, 1

Baraka, Amiri, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

Thomas and, 1

translations by, 1

Barks, Coleman, 1

Bartlett, Ellen, 1 , 2.1-2.2

baseball, 1 , 2 , 3.1-3.2 , 4 , 5 , 6.1-6.2

Boston Red Sox, 1.1-1.2

Chicago Cubs, 1

“The Fugitive Poets of Fenway Park” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2 , 5.1-5.2 , 6.1-6.2 , 7.1-7.2 , 8 , 9 , 10

“Genuflection in Right Field” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2.1-2.2

The Immigrant Iceboy’s Bolero (Espada, M.), 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11

A Mayan Astronomer in Hell’s Kitchen (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10.1-10.2 , 11.1-11.2 , 12 , 13

“Rain Delay: Toledo Mud Hens, July 8, 1994” (Espada, M.), 1.1-1.2

as religious experience, 1

“Tato Hates the New York Yankees” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3 , 4 , 5.1-5.2 , 6.1-6.2

The Trouble Ball (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11.1-11.2

“Watch Me Swing” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3.1-3.2

Wrigley Field, 1

Basker, James. G., 1.1-1.2

Beat Generation, 1

“

“Because Clemente Means Merciful” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2

“Because We Will Never Die” (Espada, M.), 1

B

Benedetti, Mario, 1

Benítez-Rojo, Antonio, 1

Benjamin, Walter, 1

Bernardete, M. J., 1

Bernstein, Charles, 1

Bernstein, Leonard, 1

Betances, Ramón Emeterio, 1.1-1.2

Bin Ladin, Osama, 1

Black Arts Movement, 1 , 2

“

“Blackballed by the Rainbow Girls” (Espada, M.), 1

“[T]he black braid of names” (Dowdy), 1

“Black Islands” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2

B

Black Panthers, 1

Blades, Rubén, 1

Blanco, Richard, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

Blast (journal), 1

Bloch, Ernst, 1.1-1.2

Blood/Sangre (SotoVélez), 1

T

The Blood That Keeps Singing (Soto Vélez), 1 , 2 , 3

B

Bloom, Harold, 1.1-1.2

Bloom Alternate Press Collection at Amherst College, 1

Bogan, Louise, 1

Amherst College and, 1

Bold, Alan, 1

Bolívar, Simón, 1 , 2 , 3

“

“Boricua en la luna” (Corretjer), 1.1-1.2

B

Boricua poets, 1

Borinsky, Alicia, Amherst College and, 1

“

“Borofels” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2.1-2.2

B

Boston Red Sox, 1.1-1.2

See also Fenway Park See also Williams, Ted

“

“The Bouncer’s Confession” (Espada, M.), 1

B

Bourdieu, Pierre, 1

Bracetti, Mariana, 1

Bradley, John, 1 , 2

Braithwaite, Kamau Edward, 1

“

“A Branch on the Tree of Whitman” (Carvalho), 1

B

Bravo, Manuel Álvarez, 1

Brecht, Bertolt, 1 , 2

Breytenbach, Breyten, 1

Broken Souths: Latina/o Poetic Responses to Neoliberalism and Globalization (Dowdy), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

Brown, Roy, 1

Brown, Sterling, 1

Brown Berets, 1

Brutus, Dennis, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2 , 5.1-5.2

Buell, Lawrence, 1.1-1.2 , 2

“

“Bully”(“Buscabulla”) (Espada, M.), 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6.1-6.2

“The Bunker,” 1

B

Burgos, Julia de, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10

nonrecognition of, 1.1-1.2

poetry of liberation and, 1

resistance literature and, 1.1-1.2

Bush, Laura, 1

“

“By Blue Ontario’s Shore” (Whitman), 1

C

Caballo de palo (The Wooden Horse) (Soto Vélez), 1

Caliban: A Journal of New World Thought and Writing, 1.1-1.2

“

“Caliban” (Retamar), 1

C

Canales, Blanca, 1 , 2

“

“Canción Multitudinaria” (Multitudinous Song”) (Corretjer), 1

“Can Poetry Console” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2

C

Canto general (Neruda), 1 , 2

capitalism

freedom and, 1.1-1.2

working conditions and, 1

Captetillo, Luisa, 1

Cardenal, Ernesto, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7.1-7.2

“

“The Carpenter Swam to Spain” (Espada, M.), 1

C

Carruthers, Ben Frederic, 1

Carson, Rachel, 1

Carvalho, Edward J., 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8.1-8.2

“A Branch on the Tree of Whitman” by, 1

Espada, F, and, 1

Espada, M., and, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

neoliberalism and, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

“Puerto Rican Radical: The Effects of Neoliberalism on the Life and Work of Martín Espada” (dissertation) by, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

Puerto Rico Is in the Heart: Emigration, Labor, and Politics in the Life and Work of Frank Espada by, 1

Casa de Isla Negra, 1

Casagrande, 1.1-1.2

Castillo, Otto René, 1

Castle Hill Center for the Arts Summer 2013 workshops, 1

Castro, Fidel, 1 , 2.1-2.2

“

“The Caves of Camuy” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2

C

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 1 , 2

Cepeda, María Elena, 1

Césaire, Aimé, 1 , 2 , 3

French language and, 1 , 2

Chaplin, Charlie, 1

Charity Randall Citation, 1

Chávez, César, 1 , 2

Cohen and, 1

Chicago Boys, 1

Chicago Cubs, 1

Chicano Renaissance, 1

Chile, 1 , 2 , 3

Allende and, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

baseball and, 1.1-1.2

“The Firing Squad is Singing in Chile” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2

“For Chile,” 1

For Neruda, for Chile: An International Anthology, 1.1-1.2

Pinochet and, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8

The Republic of Poetry (Espada, M.) and, 1

Chilean Coup, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

Chomsky, Noam, 1

“

“The Chota and the Patrón” (Espada, M.), 1

C

CIA See Central Intelligence Agency

“

“A Cigarette’s Iris in the Eye of a Candle” (Espada, M.), 1

“Circle Your Name” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7.1-7.2

Louis and, 1

C

Cisneros, Barrio René, 1 , 2

Cisneros, Sandra, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

Amherst College and, 1

City of Coughing and Dead Radiators (Espada, M.), 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9.1-9.2 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15

injustice and, 1

working conditions and, 1.1-1.2

“

“City of Coughing and Dead Radiators” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2

gentrification and, 1.1-1.2

“City of Glass” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2.1-2.2

C

CIW See Coalition of Immokalee Workers

“

“Clemente’s Bullets” (“Las balas de Clemente”) (Espada, M.), 1

C

Coalition of Immokalee Workers (CIW), 1

Cobb, Martha, 1.1-1.2

“

“Coca-Cola and Coco Frío” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

Operation Bootstrap and, 1

“Cockroaches of Liberation” (Espada, M.), 1

C

code-switching, 1

in “Alabanza: In Praise of Local 100,” 1

Coetzee, J. M., 1

Cohen, Jerry, 1 , 2

Cold War, 1 , 2 , 3

“

“Colibrí” (“Colibri”) (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

C

College Literature, 1

Colón, Jesús, 1 , 2

Thomas and, 1

colonialism, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2 , 5.1-5.2 , 6

commodification of products, 1

“

“The Community College Revises Its Curriculum in Response to Changing Demographics” (Espada, M.), 1

“Como tú” (Dalton), 1

“Compañero” (Espada, M.), 1.1-1.2

C

compañero poet, 1.1-1.2

Connolly, James, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

Contreras, María José, 1

“

“Controversies, 1995–2003,” in Martín Espada Papers, 1

“Cordillera” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3.1-3.2 , 4

E

El Coro: A Chorus of Latino and Latina Poetry (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3

“

“Correspondence, 1983–2003,” in Martín Espada Papers, 1.1-1.2

C

Corretjer, Juan Antonio, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12

“Alabanza: In Praise of Local 100” (Espada, M.) and, 1.1-1.2

“Boricua en la luna” (Espada, M.) and, 1.1-1.2

Lares Uprising and, 1.1-1.2

Marinello and, 1

Marxism and, 1.1-1.2

Nationalist Party and, 1 , 2

as National Poet, 1 , 2

nonrecognition of, 1.1-1.2

poetry of liberation and, 1.1-1.2

Soto Vélez and, 1

Williams, W., and, 1

Creeley, Robert, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2 , 5 , 6

Croft, Andy, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2 , 5.1-5.2

Cronon, William, 1

“

“Crossing Brooklyn Ferry” (Whitman), 1.1-1.2

“Cross Plains, Wisconsin” (“Cross Plains, Wisconsin”)(Espada, M.), 1

C

Crucifixion in Plaza de Armas (Espada, M.), 1

Cruz, Sor Juana Inés de la, 1

Cruz, Victor Hernández, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

Cruz Colón, Antonio Toñito, 1

Cuartel Terranova, 1

Cuba, 1 , 2 , 3.1-3.2 , 4 , 5

Castro and, 1 , 2.1-2.2

UNEAC in, 1

cultural advocacy, 1

cultural blockade, 1 , 2

Culture and Imperialism (Said), 1

Cultures of Masculinity (Edwards), 1.1-1.2

Curbstone Press, Inc., 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9

Poetry Like Bread: Poets of the Political Imagination from Curbstone Press (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

D

Dadaism, 1

Dalton, Roque, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6

Darío, Rubén, 1 , 2 , 3

poetry of liberation and, 1

Williams, W., and, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3

Darwish, Mahmoud, 1

Dawidoff, Nicholas, 1

“

“Day of the Dead on Wortman Avenue” (Espada, M.), 1

D

Debs, Eugene, 1

deep ecology, 1

Delano, Jack, 1

“

“De las infalibles palomaas” (“No President’s Statue Escapes”) (Parra, N.), 1.1-1.2 , 2

“De las infalibles palomas” (Parra, N.), 1.1-1.2

D

Depestre, René, 1

deportation, 1

Derksen, Jeff, 1

Derrida, Jacques, 1

designio, 1

détournement, 1

Dick, Bruce Allen, 1 , 2

Dickinson, Emily, 1

Amherst College and, 1

Williams, W., and, 1

Didi-Huberman, Georges, 1.1-1.2

DINA See Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional

Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional (DINA), 1.1-1.2

Discourse on Colonialism (Césaire), 1

disimagination

acknowledged legislator and, 1

Whitman and, 1.1-1.2

disimagination machine, 1 , 2

documentary poems, 1.1-1.2

domestic surveillance, 1

“

“Do Not Put Dead Monkeys in the Freezer” (Espada, M.), 1

“Don’t Worry, Son, You’re in the Care of Mental Health Professionals” (Espada, M.), 1

D

Douglass, Frederick, 1

Dove, Rita, 1

Dowdy, Michael, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5.1-5.2 , 6 , 7 , 8

MELUS and, 1

neoliberalism and, 1

Down These Mean Streets (Thomas), 1 , 2

Doyle, Judy, 1

“

“DSS Dream” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2

D

Du Bois, W. E. B., 1.1-1.2 , 2

Thomas and, 1

E

Easter Dead, 1

Ebert, Teresa L., 1

Echevarría, Roberto González, 1

economic crisis, 1

Edwards, Tim, 1.1-1.2

“

“Eisenhower” (Cruz, V.), 1

E

Ejército Popular Boricua-Macheteros (EPB-Macheteros), 1 , 2

Ejército Zaptista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN), 1

Elías, José, 1

Eliot, T. S., 1.1-1.2

Ellison, Ralph, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

El Salvador, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

“

“elsewhere[s],” 1 , 2.1-2.2

See also acknowledged legislator See also disimagination See also neoliberalism See also poetics of advocacy See also poetry of liberation See also poetry of political imagination See also poetry of resistance

E

eminent domain, 1

enumeration, 1

environmental justice movement

Espada, M., and, 1.1-1.2

eviction and, 1.1-1.2

gentrification and, 1.1-1.2

working conditions and, 1.1-1.2

EPB-Macheteros See Ejército Popular Boricua-Macheteros

“

“Epic Theater” (Brecht), 1

E

Escalio (Fallow Land) (Soto Vélez), 1

Espada, Clemente See Gilbert-Espada, Clemente (Klemente)

Espada, Frank, 1 , 2 , 3.1-3.2 , 4 , 5.1-5.2 , 6.1-6.2 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12.1-12.2 , 13 , 14.1-14.2 , 15 , 16

Carvalho and, 1

Jim Crow segregation and, 1

PRDP and, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3

Puerto Rican Diaspora: Themes in the Survival of a People by, 1

Puerto Rican diaspora and, 1

Puerto Rico Is in the Heart: Emigration, Labor, and Politics in the Life and Work of Frank Espada (Carvalho) and, 1

racism and, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3.1-3.2 , 4

See also Puerto Rican Diaspora Project

Espada, Martín

Carvalho and, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

Corretjer and, 1

early life of, 1 , 2.1-2.2

environmental justice movement and, 1.1-1.2

hemispheric mapping by, 1.1-1.2

interview with, 1.1-1.2

as lawyer, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3.1-3.2 , 4 , 5 , 6

neoliberalism and, 1

at Northeastern University, 1 , 2

“Puerto Rican Radical: The Effects of Neoliberalism on the Life and Work of Martín Espada” (dissertation)(Carvalho) and, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

resistance poetry of, 1.1-1.2

touring by, 1

as translator, 1.1-1.2

at University of Massachusetts, 1 , 2 , 3

at University of Wisconsin, 1

utopian vision/possibility and, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

See also specific works

“

“Espada Journal,” 1

E

Estadio, Chile, 1

Estadio Víctor Jara, 1 , 2

Esteves, Sandra Maria, 1 , 2

ethnic studies programs, 1

librotraficante, 1

Evans, Walker, 1 , 2

eviction

environmental justice movement and, 1.1-1.2

“Los Sures” (Espada, M.) and, 1.1-1.2

Trumpets from the Islands of Their Eviction (Espada, M.) and, 1.1-1.2

EZLN See Ejército Zaptista de Liberación Nacional

“

“The Face on the Envelope” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2

F

factotum, 1

Fairleigh Dickinson, 1

FALN See Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional

famine, 1

Fanon, Frantz, 1.1-1.2 , 2

father See Espada, Frank

“

“Federico’s Ghost” (“El fantasma de Federico”) (Espada, M.), 1 , 2

working conditions and, 1.1-1.2

F

Fenway Park, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2 , 5.1-5.2 , 6 , 7 , 8

Fernández, María Teresa, 1

Fernández Retamar, Roberto, 1

Field of Dreams (film), 1

Fink, Thomas, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

“

“The Firing Squad is Singing in Chile” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2

F

Five College consortium, 1 , 2

“

“The Florida Citrus Growers Association Responds to a Proposed Law Requiring Handwashing Facilities in the Fields” (“La Asociación de Productores de Citricos de la Florida responde a un proyecto de ley requiriendo facilidades para lavarse las manos en los campos de trabajo”), 1

F

Forché, Carolyn, 1 , 2

“

“The Foreman’s Wallet” (Espada, M.), 1

“For the Jim Crow Mexican Restaurant in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Where My Cousin Esteban was Forbidden to Wait Tables Because He Wears Dreadlocks” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2

F

Foucault, Michel, 1

Fowler, Carolyn, 1

Frank, Robert, 1

freedom, capitalism and, 1.1-1.2

Freedom Dreams: The Black Radical Imagination (Kelley), 1

Freedom Riders, 1.1-1.2

Free Lunch (Offen), 1

French language, Césaire and, 1 , 2

Friedman, Milton, 1 , 2

“

“From an Island You Cannot Name” (Espada, M.), 1

“From the Inner City to the Cotton Fields” (Larochelle), 1

F

Frost, Robert, 1 , 2

Amherst College and, 1

Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional (FALN), 1

“

“The Fugitive Poets of Fenway Park” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2 , 5.1-5.2 , 6 , 7 , 8

G

Galeano, Eduardo, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3.1-3.2

García, Diana, 1

“

“The Garden and the Sea: U.S. Latino Environmental Discourses and Mainstream Environmentalism” (Lynch), 1

G

Gates, Beatrix, 1

“

“General Pinochet at the Bookstore” (Espada, M.), 1

G

gentrification, 1

“City of Coughing and Dead Radiators” (Espada, M.) and, 1.1-1.2

environmental justice movement and, 1.1-1.2

Imagine the Angels of Bread (Espada, M.) and, 1.1-1.2

“Thieves of Light” (Espada, M.) and, 1.1-1.2

“

“Genuflection in Right Field” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2.1-2.2

“Ghazal for Open Hands” (Espada, M.), 1.1-1.2

G

ghettoization, 1

Gibbons, Reginald, 1

Gilbert, Maynard, 1 , 2 , 3.1-3.2

Gilbert-Espada, Clemente (Klemente), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

Martín Espada Papers and, 1

Gilbert-Espada, Katherine, 1 , 2 , 3.1-3.2 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7.1-7.2 , 8

Ginsberg, Allen, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

Girmay, Aracelis, 1

Giroux, Henry, 1

glass ceilings, 1 , 2

globalization, 1

Global South, 1

Gómez-Barris, Macarena, 1 , 2

Góngora, Luis de, 1 , 2

Gonzales, Rodolfo “Corky,” 1 , 2

González, José Luis, 1

González, Mike, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2

“

“The Good Liar Meets His Executioners” (Espada, M.), 1.1-1.2 , 2

G

Gordimer, Nadine, 1

“

“Governor Wilson of California Talks in His Sleep” (Espada, M.), 1

G

Grandin, Greg, 1 , 2

granite foundation, 1

“

“The Great Bell in Martín Espada’s Chest” (Croft), 1 , 2.1-2.2

“The Great Bell in Paul Robeson’s Chest” (Mitchell), 1

G

Grito de Lares, 1

E

El Grito de Lares, 1.1-1.2

G

Gross, Rita, 1

Guadalupe, Angel, 1

guerrilla art, 1

Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner (film), 1

Guevara, Ernesto “Che,” 1

Guevara, Maurice Kilwein, 1

Guggenheim Foundation Fellowship, 1 , 2

Guillén, Nicolás, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

translation of, 1

Williams, W., and, 1

Gustavo Myers Outstanding Book Award, 1

Guthrie, Arlo, 1

H

Halpern, Daniel, 1

Halpern, Rob, 1

Hamill, Sam, 1

Handal, Nathalie, 1

“

“Hands Without Irons Become Dragonflies” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6

H

Harlem, Haiti, and Havana (Cobb), 1

Harlem Renaissance, 1 , 2

Harlow, Barbara, 1.1-1.2

Harrington, Michael, 1

Harvey, David, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

Harwell, Ernie, 1

Hay otra voz: Poems (1968–1971) (Villanueva), 1

Haywood, William “Big Bill,” 1

“

“Heart of Hunger” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2.1-2.2

H

Hegelian dialectic, 1

“

“The Heights of Macchu Picchu” (Neruda), 1 , 2 , 3

H

Hernández, Carmen Dolores, 1 , 2 , 3.1-3.2 , 4

Hernández, Miguel, 1

Hernández, Rafael, 1.1-1.2

“

“Her Toolbox” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

“The Hidalgo’s Hat and a Hawk’s Bell of Gold” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2

H

Hikmet, Nazim, 1

Hip Hop, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

His Hands Were Gentle: Selected Lyrics of Víctor Jara (Espada, M.), 1

Hispanic, as term, 1.1-1.2

Hispanophone Caribbean literature, 1

Holocaust, 1

homeland (patria), 1

“

“Hora Cero” (“Zero Hour”) (Cardenal), 1

H

hospital dirges, 1.1-1.2

Hostos, Eugenio María de, 1.1-1.2

Houghton Mifflin, 1

Houlihan, Joan, 1 , 2

“

“Huelga” (Espada, M.), 1

H

Hughes, Langston, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7

Thomas and, 1

as translator, 1

Humphries, Rolfe, 1 , 2

Amherst College and, 1

Hurston, Zora Neale, 1

I

I am Joaquín/Yo soy Joaquín (Gonzales), 1

Ibarbourou, Juana de, 1

“

“If Only Víctor” (Espada, M.), 1.1-1.2

“I Have an Eel in My Heart” (Espada, M.), 1

I

Imagine the Angels of Bread (Espada, M.), 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10.1-10.2 , 11.1-11.2 , 12 , 13 , 14.1-14.2 , 15 , 16 , 17

baseball and, 1

gentrification and, 1.1-1.2

power relationships and, 1.1-1.2

“

“Imagine the Angels of Bread” (“Imagina los angeles de pan”) (Espada, M.), 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2 , 5 , 6 , 7.1-7.2

power relationships and, 1

Williams, W., and, 1

I

Imagism, 1

T

The Immigrant Iceboy’s Bolero (Espada, M.), 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10

Espada, F., and, 1

I

independentista, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

Independent Publisher Book Award, 1

industrialization, 1

inequality, 1

“

“Inheritance of Waterfalls and Sharks” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2

I

injustice, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3 , 4 , 5.1-5.2

City of Coughing and Dead Radiators (Espada, M.)and, 1

power relationships and, 1.1-1.2

La tumba de Buenaventura Roig (Espada, M.) and, 1 , 2.1-2.2

Inquiry (literary magazine), 1.1-1.2

“

“Inside the Worlds of Latino Traveling Cultures: Martín Espada’s Poetry of Rebellion” (Arias), 1

I

insomnia, songs of, 1.1-1.2

inter alia, 1 , 2

interlocking transnational stories, 1

International Latino Book Award, 1

In the American Grain (Williams, W.), 1 , 2 , 3

In the Language of Kings: An Anthology of Meso-American Literature, Pre-Columbian to the Present (León-Portilla), 1

Inventing a Word (Marzán), 1

Invisible Man (Ellison), 1

ironies of history, 1.1-1.2

“

“Isla Negra: For Neruda” (Brutus), 1

J

James, CLR, 1 , 2

Jameson, Fredric, 1

“

“The Janitor’s Garden” (Espada, M.), 1

J

Jara, Joan, 1 , 2

Jara, Víctor, 1

murder of, 1

Jayuya uprising, 1

“

“The Jeep Driver” (Espada, M.), 1

J

Jehovah’s Witnesses, 1 , 2 , 3

Jim Crow segregation, Espada, F., and, 1

Jiménez, José “Cha Cha,” 1

Jiménez, Juan Ramón, 1

Jodorowsky, Alejandro, 1

Jones, LeRoi, Thomas and See Baraka, Amiri

Jones Act, 1.1-1.2

Jordan, June, 1 , 2

“

“Jorge the Church Janitor Finally Quits” (“Por fin renuncia Jorge el conserje de la iglesia”) (Espada, M.), 1

J

July 26 Movement, 1.1-1.2

K

Kelley, Robin D. G., 1 , 2.1-2.2

Kennedy, John F., assassination of, 1 , 2 , 3

King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1 , 2

“

“The King of Books” (“El Rey de los Libros”) (Espada, M.), 1

K

Kinsella, W.P., 1

Klein, Naomi, 1

Komunyakaa, Yusef, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

Ku Klux Klan, 1

L

labor practices, 1.1-1.2

Lamming, George, 1

Lange, Dorothea, 1

language games, 1

Laraque, Paul, 1

Lares Uprising, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2

Larochelle, Jeremy, 1 , 2 , 3.1-3.2

Last Poets, 1.1-1.2

Latin American Revolutionary Poetry/Poesia Revolucionaria Latinoamericana (Márquez), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2

Latino, as term, 1.1-1.2

Latino and Latina Writers, 1 , 2

Latin Roots program, 1

Laviera, Tato, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

lawyer, Espada, M. as, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3.1-3.2 , 4 , 5 , 6

lead exposure, 1

Leaves of Grass (Whitman), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

Williams, W., and, 1

Lee, Consuelo, 1

Lefebvre, Henri, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

Neruda and, 1

“The Swimming Pool at Villa Grimaldi” (Espada, M.)and, 1

“

“The Legal Aid Lawyer Has an Epiphany” (Espada, M.), 1

E

El Leñero (The Woodcutter) (Corretjer), 1

L

León-Portilla, Miguel, 1 , 2

Lessing, Doris, 1

“

“The Lesson of My Uncle’s Nose” (Espada, M.), 1

L

Let Us Now Praise Famous Men (Agee and Evans), 1

Levertov, Denise, 1 , 2

Levine, Marilyn, 1 , 2

Liberación, 1

liberation poetry See poetry of liberation

librotraficante, 1

“

“Litany at the Tomb of Frederick Douglass” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2

L

Longo, Teresa, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

Lorca, Federico García, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3 , 4

translation of, 1

Louis, Adrian C., 1.1-1.2

“

“The Lover of a Subversive Is Also a Subversive” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2

T

The Lover of a Subversive Is Also a Subversive (Espada, M.), 1 , 2

L

Lowell, Robert, 1 , 2

Lowenfels, Walter, 1.1-1.2

Luciano, Felipe, 1.1-1.2

ludic-postmodern poetry, 1 , 2 , 3.1-3.2 , 4

Ludlow Massacre, 1

Lynch, Barbara Deutsch, 1

M

Machado, Antonio, 1 , 2 , 3

macho stereotype, 1 , 2.1-2.2

Macleish, Archibald, 1

Mailer, Norman, 1

Mainland (Cruz, V.), 1

Malamud, Bernard, 1

Male, Jeff, 1

Mandela, Nelson, 1 , 2

“

“The Man with All the Guns: September 1973” (Espada, M.), 1

“Mariano Explains Yanqui Colonialism to Judge Collings” (Espada, M.), 1.1-1.2 , 2

M

Marín, Luis Muñoz, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3

Marinello, Juan, 1 , 2

Márquez, Roberto, 1 , 2

poetry of liberation and, 1.1-1.2

Martí, José

poetry of liberation and, 1.1-1.2

Whitman and, 1.1-1.2

Williams, W., and, 1.1-1.2

Martín Espada Papers, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2

“Controversies, 1995–2003” in, 1

“Correspondence, 1983–2003” in, 1.1-1.2

Nike and, 1

NPR and, 1

“Personal Affairs, 1957–2003” in, 1.1-1.2

Martínez, Demetria, 1 , 2 , 3

Martin-Ogunsola, Dellita, 1.1-1.2

Marxism, 1

Corretjer and, 1.1-1.2

Palés Matos and, 1

Marzán, Julio, 1.1-1.2 , 2

Williams, W., and, 1

M*A*S*H (television program), 1

Massachusetts Artist Foundation Fellowship, 1

Massachusetts Book Award, 1

Masses (journal), 1

Masters, Edgar Lee, 1 , 2

Matilla, Alfredo, 1

Matos Paoli, Francisco, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

A

A Mayan Astronomer in Hell’s Kitchen (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11.1-11.2 , 12.1-12.2 , 13 , 14

See also specific poems

M

McCarthy era, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

McMurray, David Arthur, 1

“

“The Meaning of the Shovel” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3

Williams, W., and, 1

T

The Meaning of the Shovel (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

M

Medina, Tony, 1

MELUS, 1

Memory of Fire (Galeano), 1

Mendez, Gil, 1

Merrill, James, 1

Amherst College and, 1 , 2

Mexico, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

Millay, Edna St. Vincent, 1

Miller, Ivor, Amherst College and, 1

Milt Kessler Award, 1

Mir, Pedro, 1

Williams, W., and, 1

Miranda, Carmen, 1

Miranda, Rafael Cancel, 1

Mistral, Gabriela, 1

translation of, 1

Mitchell, Adrian, 1

Modern Times (film), 1

Mohanty, Chandra Talpade, 1.1-1.2

Monroe Doctrine, 1

Montville, Leigh, 1

“

“The Moon Shatters on Alabama Avenue” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

M

Moore, Marianne, 1

mother See Levine, Marilyn

T

The Mountain in the Sea (Cruz, V.), 1

M

Moyers, Bill, 1

“

“Mrs. Baez [sic] Serves Coffee on the Third Floor” (Espada, M.), 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3

M

Mura, David, 1

“

“Muse on First” (Salo), 1

“My Name Is Espada” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

“My Native Costume” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2

“My Twenty-Fifth Year Amazed the Astrologers” (Espada, M.), 1

N

NAFTA See North American Free Trade Agreement

Naipaul, V. S., 1

“

“Nando Meets Papo” (“Nando conoce a Papo”) (Espada, M.), 1

N

National Book Critics’ Circle Award, 1

National Hispanic Cultural Center Literary Award, 1

Nationalist Party

Campos and, 1

Corretjer and, 1 , 2 , 3

Ponce Massacre and, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7

Soto Vélez and, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

Nationalist Party Republic Cadets, 1

National Latino Media Colation, 1

national poet laureate, 1 , 2

National Public Radio (NPR)

“All Things Censored: The Poem NPR Doesn’t Want You to Hear” (Espada, M.), 1

All Things Considered on, 1

Martín Espada Papers and, 1

National Union of Writers and Artists (UNEAC), 1

National Welfare Rights Organization, 1

T

The Natural (Malamud), 1

N

Nelson, Cary, 1 , 2

Nelson, Peter, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3.1-3.2

neoliberalism, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

austerity measures and, 1

capitalism and, 1.1-1.2

Carvalho and, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

Dowdy and, 1

Espada, M., and, 1

Neruda and, 1

Operation Bootstrap and, 1

proto-neoliberalism, 1 , 2

“Puerto Rican Radical: The Effects of Neoliberalism on the Life and Work of Martín Espada” (dissertation)(Carvalho) and, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

Puerto Rico Is in the Heart: Emigration, Labor, and Politics in the Life and Work of Frank Espada (Carvalho) and, 1

“The Swimming Pool at Villa Grimaldi” (Espada, M.) and, 1

Neruda, Pablo, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7.1-7.2 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13

advocacy poetry and, 1

“The Fugitive Poets of Fenway Park” (Espada, M.)and, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6

“Isla Negra: For Neruda,” 1

Lefebvre and, 1

Martín Espada Papers and, 1

neoliberalism and, 1

The Republic of Poetry (Espada, M.) and, 1

Whitman and, 1.1-1.2

Williams, T., and, 1 , 2 , 3

“

“Neruda and the Mets” (Passaro), 1

“Neruda in Centerfield” (Longo), 1

“The New Bathroom Policy at English High School” (“Nueva norma para el baño en la English High School”) (poem) (Espada, M.), 1 , 2

racism and, 1

“The New Bathroom Policy at English High School” (essay) (Espada, M.), 1

N

New Criticism, 1

new imperialism, 1

Nicaragua, 1

“The Meaning of the Shovel” (Espada, M.) and, 1

Sandinista Revolution in, 1 , 2 , 3

“

“Niggerlips” (“Negro Bembón”) (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

N

Nike, 1 , 2

Martín Espada Papers and, 1

9

9/11 See September 11, 2001

N

no. 24 (Whitman), 1

Noel, Urayoán, 1

North, Michael, 1 , 2

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 1 , 2

Northeastern University, 1 , 2

Notebook of a Return to the Native Land (Césaire), 1

“

“Notes on the Poems” (Espada, M.), 1

“Not Here” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6.1-6.2

“Not Paint and Wood” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2

“Not Words but Hands” (Espada, M.), 1

N

Nowak, Mark, 1

“

“Now the Dead Will Dance the Mambo” (Espada, M.), 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3.1-3.2 , 4

N

NPR See National Public Radio

NPR poets, 1 , 2

“

“Nuestra América” (“Our America”) (Martí), 1 , 2.1-2.2

Williams, W., and, 1.1-1.2

N

Nueva Canción (“New Song” movement), 1

E

El Nuevo Día, 1

“

“nuyorican” (Laviera), 1

N

Nuyorican poetry, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5.1-5.2 , 6.1-6.2

advocacy poetry and, 1

poetry of independence and, 1

poetry of liberation and, 1.1-1.2

“The Swimming Pool at Villa Grimaldi” (Espada, M.) and, 1

La tumba de Buenaventura Roig (Espada, M.) and, 1

Nuyorican Poetry: An Anthology of Puerto Rican Words and Feelings (Algarín, Piñero, and August), 1 , 2

O

Obama, Barack, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

O’Connor, William, 1

Offen, Ron, 1 , 2

“

“Offerings to an Ulcerated God” (Espada, M.), 1

O

Olaizola Andrés, 1.1-1.2

Olson, Charles, 1

Olson, Ray, 1

Open Veins of Latin America (Galeano), 1 , 2

Operation Bootstrap, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3 , 4

“Coca-Cola and Coco Frío” (Espada, M.) and, 1

neoliberalism and, 1

Operation Condor, 1 , 2 , 3

Orozco, José Clemente, 1

Ortíz, Dianna, 1

Osheroff, Abe, 1 , 2

“

“The Other Alamo” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3.1-3.2 , 4

T

The Other America: Poverty in the United States (Harrington), 1

“

“otherwises,” 1.1-1.2 , 2

See also acknowledged legislator See also disimagination See also neoliberalism See also poetics of advocacy See also poetry of liberation See also poetry of political imagination See also poetry of resistance

“Oubao-Moin” (“Island of Blood”) (Corretjer), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

“Alabanza: In Praise of Local 100” (Espada, M.) and, 1

Williams, W., and, 1

“Outlines for a Tomb” (Whitman), 1

O

Oye Como Va (song), 1

P

Palante (Young Lords), 1.1-1.2 , 2

Palés Matos, Luis, 1 , 2

as National Poet, 1

poetry of liberation and, 1.1-1.2

Thomas and, 1

Williams, W., and, 1.1-1.2

panfletismo, 1 , 2

Pantoja, Antonia, 1

Thomas and, 1

Papillon (film), 1

Papo Got His Gun! (Cruz, V.), 1

Parks, Rosa, 1

Parra, Nicanor, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3 , 4

Parra, Violeta, 1

Passaro, Vince, 1

patria (homeland), 1

patriarchy, 1

Patterson Award, 1 , 2

Paz, Octavio, 1

PBS, 1

pedagogy, 1.1-1.2

“

“Pegao” (Espada, M.), 1

T

The Penguin Book of Socialist Verse (Bold), 1

P

PEN/Revson Fellowship, 1 , 2 , 3

“

“People’s Poetry, People’s History” (workshop), 1

P

percussion instrument (plena pandereta), 1

Pérez-Bustillo, Camilo, 1 , 2 , 3.1-3.2 , 4 , 5 , 6.1-6.2 , 7 , 8.1-8.2 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12

translations by, 1

“

“Personal Affairs, 1957–2003,” in Martín Espada Papers, 1.1-1.2

P

pesticides, 1 , 2 , 3.1-3.2 , 4

Piercy, Marge, 1 , 2 , 3

Pietri, Pedro, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6

“

“Pinball between Madhouses” (Espada, M.), 1.1-1.2

P

Piñero, Miguel, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9

Pinochet, Augusto, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8

“An Admirer of General Pinochet Writes to the Web Site of General Pinochet to Wish General Pinochet a Happy Birthday” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2

“General Pinochet at the Bookstore” (Espada, M.), 1

See also “Somoza Unveils Somoza’s Statue of Somoza in the Somoza Stadium” (Cardenal)

Pintado-Espiet, Maribel, 1

Piri, Thomas, 1

“

“Pitching the Potatoes” (Espada, M.), 1

P

Platform (Toscano), 1

plena pandereta (percussion instrument), 1

poem memorials, 1

L

Los poetas de la Comuna (Elías), 1

P

poetics of advocacy, 1 , 2 , 3.1-3.2 , 4.1-4.2 , 5.1-5.2 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9

Rebellion is the Circle of a Lover’s Hands/Rebelión es el giro de manos del amante and, 1

La tumba de Buenaventura Roig and, 1

“

“The Poet in the Box” (Espada, M.), 1

P

Poet Laureate of the United States, 1 , 2

Poetry and Commitment (Rich), 1

“

“Poetry and Knowledge” (Césaire), 1

“A Poetry like Ammunition” (Azank), 1

P

Poetry like Bread: Poets of the Political Imagination from Curbstone Press (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

“

“Poetry Like Bread” (Espada, M.), 1

P

poetry of liberation

“Alabanza: In Praise of Local 100” (Espada, M.) and, 1.1-1.2

Betances and, 1.1-1.2

“Boricua en la luna,” 1.1-1.2

Corretjer and, 1.1-1.2

Darío and, 1

Espada, M., and, 1.1-1.2

Hernández, R., and, 1.1-1.2

Hostos and, 1.1-1.2

Márquez and, 1.1-1.2

Martí and, 1.1-1.2

Nuyorican poetry and, 1.1-1.2

Palés Matos and, 1.1-1.2

Soto Vélez and, 1.1-1.2

Whitman and, 1.1-1.2

Williams, W., and, 1.1-1.2

Young Lords and, 1.1-1.2

poetry of political imagination, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

“Imagine the Angels of Bread” (“Imagina los angeles de pan”) (Espada, M.) and, 1

“Nuestra América” (“Our America”) (Espada, M.) and, 1

“Zapata’s Disciple and Perfect Brie” (Espada, M.) and, 1

poetry of resistance

Alabanza (Espada, M.) and, 1.1-1.2

Burgos and, 1.1-1.2

Espada, M., and, 1.1-1.2

Soto Vélez and, 1.1-1.2

Poetry Speaks, 1

Poets Against the War, 1

“

“The Poet’s Coat” (Espada, M.), 1

“The Poet’s Son Watches His Father Leave for Another Gig” (Espada, M.), 1

“Poets to Come” (Whitman), 1

“The Poet Walt Whitman” (Martí), 1.1-1.2

P

political imagination See poetry of political imagination

political response, 1

T

The Political Unconscious (Jameson), 1

P

Ponce Massacre, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7

“

“The Poor” (Williams, W.), 1.1-1.2

P

Popular Democratic Party, 1.1-1.2

E

El Portón, 1

“

“Portrait of a Real Hijo de Puta” (“Retrato de un verdadero hijo de puta”) (Espada, M.), 1 , 2.1-2.2

P

postmodernism, 1

Williams, W., and, 1

Pound, Ezra, 1.1-1.2

poverty, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

power relationships, 1.1-1.2

PRDP See Puerto Rican Diaspora Project

T

The Principle of Hope (Bloch), 1

“

“Prisoner AM-8335 and His Library of Lions” (Espada, M.), 1

See also Abu-Jamal, Mumia See also “All Things Censored: The Poem NPR Doesn’t Want You to Hear” (Espada, M.) See also “Another Nameless Prostitute Says the Man Is Innocent” (Espada, M.)

P

Progressive, 1

pro-independence, 1 , 2

“

“Proletariat Portrait” (Williams, W.), 1

T

The Promised Land (Soto Vélez), 1

P

Proposition 187, 1

proto-neoliberalism, 1 , 2

psycho-magic, 1

“

“Public School 190, Brooklyn 1963” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2.1-2.2

P

Pueblos Hispanos (Burgos), 1 , 2 , 3

Puente, Tito, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3

E

El Puente, 1

P

Puerto Rican diaspora, 1

Espada, F., and, 1

Puerto Rican Diaspora: Themes in the Survival of a People (Espada, F.), 1

Puerto Rican Diaspora Project (PRDP), 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3

See also Espada, Frank

“

“The Puerto Rican Dummy and the Merciful Son” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3.1-3.2

“Puerto Rican Obituary” (Pietri), 1 , 2

T

The Puerto Rican Poets/Los poetas puertorriqueños (Cruz, V.), 1

“

“Puerto Rican Radical: The Effects of Neoliberalism on the Life and Work of Martín Espada” (dissertation)(Carvalho), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

P

Puerto Rico Is in the Heart: Emigration, Labor, and Politics in the Life and Work of Frank Espada (Carvalho), 1

Pulitzer Prize, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

Purgatorio (Zurita), 1

Q

Quevedo, Francisco de, 1

Quintana, Leroy, 1

R

racial profiling, 1

racism

Espada, F., and, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3.1-3.2

“The New Bathroom Policy at English High School” (poem) (Espada, M.) and, 1

“

“Rain Delay: Toledo Mud Hens, July 8, 1994” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2.1-2.2

“Rain Without Rain” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2

L

La Raza: The Mexican Americans (Steiner), 1

R

Reagan, Ronald, 1

“

“Rebellion is the Circle of a Lover’s Hands (Pellin and Nina)” (“Rebelión es el giro de manos del amante [Pellin y Nina]” (Espada, M.), 1.1-1.2

R

Rebellion is the Circle of a Lover’s Hands/Rebelión es el giro de manos del amante (Espada, M.), 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3.1-3.2 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10.1-10.2 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18

Espada, F., and, 1

working conditions and, 1.1-1.2

See also specific poems

“

“The Red Wheelbarrow” (Williams, W.), 1 , 2

R

Reed, John, 1

religious experience, baseball as, 1

Reñazco, Fernando, 1

Republicans, 1

“

“The Republic of Memory” (Stanchich), 1

“The Republic of Poetry” (Espada, M.), 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3

T

The Republic of Poetry (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5.1-5.2 , 6.1-6.2 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12

Chile and, 1

Neruda and, 1

See also specific poems

R

Resistance Literature (Harlow), 1.1-1.2

resistance poetry See poetry of resistance

resistance-postmodern poetry, 1 , 2.1-2.2

“

“Return” (Espada, M.), 1

R

Reversible Monuments (Paz), 1

Revolutionary Memory: Recovering the Poetry of the American Left (Nelson, C.), 1

“

“Revolutionary Spanish Lesson” (“Lección revolucionaria de español”) (Espada, M.), 1 , 2

L

la revuelta Nacionalista, 1

R

Rexroth, Kenneth, 1

Reynolds, Burt, 1

rhetorical reversal, 1 , 2

Ricardo, Ricky, 1

Rich, Adrienne, 1 , 2

“

“The Rifle in My Hands” (Espada, M.), 1

R

Riggs, E. Francis, 1

“

“The Right Hand of a Mexican Farm Worker in Somerset County, Maryland” (Espada, M.), 1

R

Río Piedras massacre, 1

Ríos, Filiberto Ojeda, 1

Rivera, Diego, 1

“

“The River Will Not Testify” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3 , 4

R

Robert Creeley Award, 1

Robinson, Jackie, 1 , 2

Rodney, Walter, 1

Rodó, José Enrique, 1

Rodríguez, Luis J., 1

on working conditions, 1

Rodríguez-Garavito, César A., 1

Roosevelt, Theodore, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2 , 3 , 4

“Bully” (“Buscabulla”) (Espada, M.) about, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6.1-6.2

Rosada, Manuel, 1

Roumain, Jacques, 1

translation of, 1

Williams, W., and, 1

Roy, Arundhati, 1

Rumsfeld, Donald, 1

Ruth, Babe, 1.1-1.2

S

Sacco, Nicola, 1

Said, Edward, 1 , 2

Saldaña, Font, 1

“

“Sales Nègres” (“Filthy Negroes”) (Roumain), 1

S

Salgado, César, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5.1-5.2 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13

La tumba de Buenaventura Roig (Espada, M.) and, 1 , 2

Salgado, Sebastião, 1

Salkey, Andrew, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6

Salo, Eric B., 1 , 2.1-2.2

Sanctuary Movement, 1 , 2

Sandburg, Carl, 1 , 2 , 3

Sandinista Revolution, in Nicaragua, 1 , 2 , 3

Sandino, Augusto César, 1

Sarmiento, Oscar D., 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3 , 4

Schmitt, Jack, 1

schoolroom setting, 1.1-1.2

“

“Searching for La Revolución” (Espada, M.), 1

S

Sédar-Senghor, Leópold, 1 , 2

Segovia, Tomás, 1.1-1.2

segregation, 1 , 2

“

“El señor está muerto” (Espada, M.), 1.1-1.2

S

September 11, 2001, 1 , 2 , 3

See also “Alabanza: In Praise of Local 100” (Espada, M.) See also Windows on the World (restaurant)

shadow poet laureate, 1

Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 1 , 2

Shelley Memorial Award, 1

Shoeless Joe (Kinsella), 1

Shorris, Earl, 1 , 2 , 3

Shut up Shut Down (Nowak), 1

“

“The Sign in My Father’s Hands” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3

S

Silén, Iván, 1

Silent Spring (Carson), 1

Simic, Charles, 1

“

“Sing in the Voice of a God Even Atheists Can Hear” (Espada, M.), 1.1-1.2 , 2

“Sing Zapatista” (Espada, M.), 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3 , 4

“The Skull Beneath the Skin of the Mango” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3

S

slavery, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3

“

“Sleeping on the Bus” (Espada, M.), 1.1-1.2 , 2

S

Smokestack Books, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

Snaps (Cruz, V.), 1 , 2

Social Darwinism, 1

social injustice, 1 , 2.1-2.2

La tumba de Buenaventura Roig and, 1.1-1.2

“

“The Soldiers in the Garden” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3

“Something Escapes the Bonfire” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3

“Because Clemente Means Merciful” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2

“If Only Víctor” (Espada, M.), 1.1-1.2

“The Man with All the Guns: September 1973” (Espada, M.), 1

“Somoza Unveils Somoza’s Statue of Somoza in the Somoza Stadium” (Cardenal), 1

See also “An Admirer of General Pinochet Writes to the Web Site of General Pinochet to Wish General Pinochet a Happy Birthday” (Espada, M.)

S

Son See Gilbert-Espada, Clemente (Klemente)

“

“Song of Myself” (Whitman), 1 , 2

S

songs of insomnia, 1.1-1.2

“

“Sonnet in Praise of Jaiva Pie” (Espada, M.), 1

S

Soto, Gary, 1

Soto Vélez, Clemente, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10.1-10.2 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20

“Alabanza: In Praise of Local 100” (Espada, M.) and, 1

“Clemente’s Bullets” (“Las balas de Clemente”) (Espada, M.) and, 1

Corretjer and, 1

“Hands Without Irons Become Dragonflies” (Espada, M.) about, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6

Martín Espada Papers and, 1

Nationalist Party and, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

nonrecognition of, 1.1-1.2

poetry of liberation and, 1.1-1.2

resistance literature and, 1.1-1.2

Williams, T., and, 1

Sousa Santos, Boaventura de, 1.1-1.2 , 2

South African apartheid, 1 , 2.1-2.2

Soyinka, Wole, 1

space-times, 1

Spanglish, 1 , 2

T

The Spanish American Roots of William Carlos Williams (Marzán), 1.1-1.2

S

Spanish American War, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3

Spanish Civil War, 1 , 2 , 3

“

“The Spanish of Our Out-Loud Dreams” (Espada, M.), 1.1-1.2 , 2

S

Spece, Joseph, 1 , 2.1-2.2

specialized language, 1

Specters of Marx (Derrida), 1

“

“The Spider and the Angel” (Espada, M.), 1.1-1.2

S

Spillers, Hortense, 1

Stanchich, Maritza, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2 , 5

Star Trek, 1

Stavans, Ilan, 1 , 2

Steiner, Stan, 1

Stevens, Wallace, Williams, W., and, 1

“

“Stone Hammered to Gravel” (Espada, M.), 1.1-1.2 , 2

S

Storni, Al fonsina, 1

“

“Los Sures” (Espada, M.), 1

eviction and, 1.1-1.2

S

Surrealism, 1

“

“The Swimming Pool at Villa Grimaldi” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7.1-7.2

T

Tagore, Rabindranath, 1

“

“Tato Hates the New York Yankees” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3.1-3.2 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8.1-8.2 , 9.1-9.2

T

Taylor, Alexander “Sandy,” 1 , 2

Ted Williams: The Biography of an American Hero (Montville), 1

Tell that to Wilson (Williams, W.), 1

testimonio, 1 , 2

“

“Thanksgiving” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2

T

Thatcher, Margaret, 1

“

“Thieves of Light” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3

gentrification and, 1.1-1.2

“Third World Poetry Series,” 1

“This Ends with a Frozen Penis” (Louis), 1.1-1.2

T

Thomas, Piri, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

“

“Through Me Many Long Dumb Voices” (Espada, M.), 1

T

Thurston, Michael, 1 , 2

L

La tierra prometida (Soto Vélez), 1 , 2

“Alabanza: In Praise of Local 100” (Espada, M.) and, 1

Williams, W., and, 1

“

“Tires Stacked in the Hallways of Civilization” (Espada, M.), 1.1-1.2

T

Toledo Mud Hens, 1

“Rain Delay: Toledo Mud Hens, July 8, 1994” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2.1-2.2

“

“The Toolmaker Unemployed” (Espada, M.), 1

T

Topoemas (Paz), 1

“

“Toque de queda: Curfew in Lawrence” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2.1-2.2

“La tormenta” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2

“To Roosevelt” (Darío), 1 , 2

Williams, W., and, 1 , 2.1-2.2

T

Torre, Mónica de la, 1

Torres, Edwin, 1

Torresola, Nemesio R. Canales, 1

torture, 1

Toscano, Rodrigo, 1

“

“To Skin the Hands of God” (Espada, M.), 1

T

touring, by Espada, M., 1

“

“Transient Hotel Sky at the Hour of Sleep” (Espada, M.), 1

T

translation, 1 , 2.1-2.2

by Baraka, 1

by Espada, M., 1.1-1.2

of Guillén, 1

by Hughes, 1

of Lorca, 1

of Mistral, 1

of Roumain, 1

Translations, by Pérez-Bustillo, 1

transnational element, 1

Treece, David, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2

Trees (Soto Vélez), 1

Trethewey, Natasha, 1 , 2 , 3

“

“The Trouble Ball” (Espada, M.), 1

T

The Trouble Ball (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11

“

“The Trouble with Wilderness: Getting Back to the Wrong Nature” (Cronon), 1

T

Troupe, Quincy, 1 , 2

Trumpets from the Islands of Their Eviction (Espada, M.), 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6.1-6.2 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15

baseball and, 1

Espada, F., and, 1

eviction and, 1.1-1.2

working conditions and, 1.1-1.2

“

“Trumpets from the Islands of Their Eviction” (Espada, M.), 1.1-1.2

“La Tumba de Buenaventura Roig” (“La tumba de Buenaventura Roig”) (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3

L

La tumba de Buenaventura Roig: Selected Poems/Poemas selectos (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7.1-7.2 , 8 , 9.1-9.2

advocacy poetry and, 1

Espada, F., and, 1

impulse for, 1

injustice and, 1

Nuyorican poetry and, 1

Salgado and, 1 , 2

social injustice and, 1.1-1.2

“

“Two Mexicanos Lynched in Santa Cruz, California, May 3, 1877” (“Dos Mexicanos linchados en Santa Cruz, California, 3 de mayo, 1877”) (Espada, M.), 1 , 2

U

Uchmanowicz, Pauline, 1 , 2 , 3.1-3.2

“

“The Unacknowledged Legislator: A Rebuttal” (Espada, M.), 1

“Undoing Macho” (Sarmiento), 1

U

UNEAC See National Union of Writers and Artists

United Artists Fellowship, 1

United Farm Workers, 1

University of Massachusetts, 1 , 2 , 3

University of Wisconsin, 1

“

“Unnamed Lands” (Whitman), 1

U

urban housing, 1

urbanization, 1

Uribe, Alvaro, 1

Urrea, Luis Alberto, 1 , 2

utopian vision/possibility, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

V

Valentín, Gilberto Gerena, 1

Vallejo, César, 1

Vanzetti, Bartolomeo, 1

Vazirani, Reetika, 1

Vega, Bernardo, 1

Thomas and, 1

“

“Victor [sic] Jara” (Guthrie), 1

V

Vietnam War, 1 , 2 , 3

Villa Grimaldi Peace Park, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2

Villanueva, Tino, 1 , 2

“

“Visibility and History in the Poetry of Martín Espada (Fink), 1 , 2

“Visions of the Chapel Ceiling in Guadalajara” (Espada, M.), 1

V

Visions of the Vanquished (León-Portilla), 1

“

“A Visit to the Bakery” (Nelson, P.), 1.1-1.2

W

Walcott, Derek, 1 , 2

Walker, Alice, 1

war on terror, 1.1-1.2

See also September 11, 2001

“

“Watch Me Swing” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2.1-2.2

T

The Watchtower of the Gods, 1

“

“Water, White Cotton, and the Rich Man” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2

working conditions and, 1.1-1.2

“We Live By What We See at Night” (Espada, M.), 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3.1-3.2

W

Werner, Liz, 1

West Indies Ltd. (Guillén), 1

West Side Story (film), 1 , 2

“

“When Songs Become Water” (“Cuando los cantos se vuelven agua”) (Espada, M.), 1.1-1.2 , 2

“When the Leather is a Whip” (Espada, M.), 1.1-1.2 , 2

“White Birch” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3.1-3.2

W

Whitman, Walt, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12.1-12.2 , 13 , 14 , 15

advocacy poetry and, 1

“Alabanza: In Praise of Local 100” (Espada, M.) and, 1

baseball and, 1.1-1.2 , 2

Darío and, 1

Martí and, 1.1-1.2

Martín Espada Papers and, 1

Neruda and, 1

poetry of liberation and, 1.1-1.2

Williams, W., and, 1 , 2 , 3

“

“Who Burns for the Perfection of Paper” (Espada, M.), 1

working conditions and, 1.1-1.2

W

Wiegers, Michael, 1

wife See Gilbert-Espada, Katherine

Wilbur, Richard, 1

Amherst College and, 1

wilderness conservation, 1

Williams, Ted, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

“The Fugitive Poets of Fenway Park” (Espada, M.) and, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2 , 5.1-5.2 , 6 , 7 , 8

“Namely, Pablo Neruda and Ted Williams,” 1

Ted Williams: The Biography of an American Hero (Montville), 1

Williams, William Carlos, 1 , 2 , 3

poetry of liberation and, 1.1-1.2

Windows on the World (restaurant), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

Winship, Blanton, 1

Within Our Reach, 1

witness citizenship, 1

women, baseball and, 1

“

“The Words of the Mute are Like Silver Dollars” (“Las palabras de los mudos son como dólares de plata”) (Espada, M.), 1

W

working conditions

capitalism and, 1

City of Coughing and Dead Radiators (Espada, M.)and, 1.1-1.2

environmental justice movement and, 1.1-1.2

“Federico’s Ghost” (“El fantasma de Federico”) (Espada, M.) and, 1.1-1.2

Rebellion is the Circle of a Lover’s Hands/Rebelión es el giro de manos del amante (Espada, M.) and, 1.1-1.2

Trumpets from the Islands of Their Eviction (Espada, M.) and, 1.1-1.2

“Water, White Cotton, and the Rich Man” (Espada, M.) and, 1.1-1.2

“Who Burns for the Perfection of Paper” (Espada, M.)and, 1.1-1.2

World Trade Center See September 11, 2001

T

The Wretched of the Earth (Fanon), 1.1-1.2

W

Wright, Richard, 1 , 2

Thomas and, 1

Wrigley Field, 1

“

“The Yachts” (Williams, W.), 1

“The Year I Was Diagnosed with a Sacrilegious Heart” (Espada, M.), 1

“Yonnondio” (Whitman), 1

Y

Young, Al, 1

Young Lords, 1

poetry of liberation and, 1.1-1.2

Z

Zapata’s Disciple (Espada, M.), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

Espada, F., and, 1

“

“Zapata’s Disciple and Perfect Brie” (Espada, M.), 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3

Z

Zavarzadeh, Mas’ud, 1 , 2 , 3.1-3.2 , 4

Zinn, Howard, 1 , 2

letter to, 1.1-1.2

Zurita, Raúl, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3