Index

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16th Street Baptist Church bombing, 6, 241, 243

325th Transport Company, 12

Abernathy, Ralph, 100, 123, 124, 209–10, 215, 224

Abzug, Bella, 264

Agence France-Presse, 138–39

“agitators,” 35, 98

Ahmann, Mathew, 241

Alabama National Guard, 180, 250

Alcorn A&M College, 1–2, 28, 35–36, 43–45, 49–50

Alcorn Braves, 1–2, 35–36, 37–38

Alexander, Margaret Walker, 83–84

Ali, Muhammad, 260

Allison, Doris, 230

Ambassador Hotel, 259

American Veterans Committee, 222

Anding, Meredith, Jr., 112–14

Angelou, Maya, 289

Angola State Penitentiary, 278

Another Country (Baldwin), 145

Anti-Defamation League, 268, 278

Anti-Saloon’s League, 52

apartheid, 26, 73, 108–9

Arizona Sun, 119

Arkansas and Little Rock Central High School, 246–47

Arlington National Cemetery

ceremony honoring Medgar, 297–98

Medgar’s burial at, 214, 220–24

Myrlie’s visit to, 283–87

Army, U.S., 9–10, 12–13, 29, 43, 44, 78, 138–39, 195

assassination of John F. Kennedy, 6, 241–43, 262, 278

assassination of Malcolm X, 4, 6, 258, 260–61, 262

assassination of Martin Luther King, 4, 6, 258–62

assassination of Medgar Evers, 4–5, 185–248

aftermath of, 194–209, 234–43

Beckwith arrest, 224, 225–29, 234

Beckwith ID witnesses, 230–32

Beckwith trials, 243–48, 276–82

burial at Arlington, 214, 220–24

events preceding, 183–85, 229–30

funeral, 209–19

assassination of Robert Kennedy, 6, 259–60, 262

Associated Press, 75, 90–91, 98, 101–2, 119, 165, 228, 280, 281, 287

Association of Citizens Councils of Mississippi (ACCM), 64, 66–67, 80, 105

Atlantic Richfield Company, 271

Attack! (magazine), 269

Bailey, Sam, 230

Baker, Ella, 5, 107, 124, 240

Baker, Josephine, 14, 139, 240

Baldwin, Alec, 282

Baldwin, James

civil rights movement, 3–4, 145–46, 150, 260, 295

on love, 37

Medgar and, 3–4, 6, 145–46, 208, 260, 288

in Paris, 14

Baltimore Afro American, 75

Barnett, Ross, 177, 180

assassination of Medgar, 191–92

Beckwith trial of 1964, 243, 246

Freedom Riders and, 124–25, 128

Kennard and Parchman, 148–50

Meredith and Ole Miss, 137–38

voting rights, 105

Bates, Daisy, 5, 240

Battle of Oxford (1962), 138–39

Battle of Vicksburg, 94

Beard, Fred, 247

Beasley, Annie McCain “Mama,” 253, 268

background of, 40–42

death of, 269–71

early life of Myrlie, 38, 39–40, 294

Medgar’s funeral, 211

Myrlie and Medgar’s first meeting, 45–46

Myrlie and Medgar’s marriage idea, 47–49

Myrlie and Medgar’s wedding, 49

Beasley, James Van Dyke “Jim,” 39–40. 42–43, 95

Beasley, Mildred Washington “M’dear,” 39–40, 41, 48, 67–68, 270

Beasley, Myrlie Louise. See Polk, Myrlie Beasley “Aunt Myrlie”

Beckwith, Byron De La, 258, 272, 274–82

arrest and indictment of, 224, 225–29, 234

attempted bombing of Botnick, 268–69, 278

background of, 225–26

ID witnesses, 230–32

imprisonment of, 268–69, 278–79

trial of 1994, 276–82

trials of 1964, 243–48, 264

Beittel, Adam D., 164, 212

Belafonte, Harry, 295

Belzoni, Mississippi, 69

Bend, Oregon, 274–75

Berry, Chuck, 43

Berry, Marion, 128

Betty Shabazz: Surviving Malcolm X (Rickford), 261, 289

Bevel, James, 124, 125, 128, 129, 131, 213, 233

Bilbo, Theodore G., 28–35

Biloxi Municipal School District, 104

Biloxi wade-ins, 104

Birth of a Nation (movie), 18

Bishop, Herbert, 231

Bishop, Willie Mae, 231

black-and-tan faction, 26–27

Black Panther Party, 260

Blues for Mister Charlie (Baldwin), 146, 208

Bond, Julian, 5, 249, 286

Booker, Simeon, 73

bootlegging, 22, 36, 255

Boston Celtics, 208

Boston University, 58

Botnick, Adolph, 268–69, 278

Boware, Jimmy, 25

Bowers, Rick, 101, 134

Bowers, Sam, 233, 258

boycotts

in Jackson, 54, 71, 79, 99, 104–6, 113, 144–45, 151, 154–60, 169, 176, 184

Montgomery Bus Boycotts, 80, 89–90, 92–93, 104–5, 233

Boyd, Helen Nela, 52

Boynton v. Virginia, 122

Bracey, Marie, 230

Bradford, James, 112–14

Bradley, Amanda, 76

Bradley, Tom, 253, 271, 273

Brady, Tom, 228

Branch, A. W., 247–48

Branch, Charles, 247–48

Brinkley High School, 155

Britton, Albert Bazaar, Jr., 88, 189–90, 196, 207, 237

Britton Sweet, Grace, 86–88, 275

Bronzeville, Chicago, 224

Brown, Amos, 68–69, 103–4, 210

Brown, R. Jess, 111, 135, 147–48, 224

Brown, Willie, 271

Brown v. the Board of Education, 61, 62–64, 97, 99, 111, 122, 127, 143, 154, 223, 228, 232, 243

Bruce, Blanch Kelso, 26

Bryant, Carolyn, 75, 77

Bryant, Roy, 72–80

Bunche, Ralph, 5, 209–10

Burke, Yvonne Braithwaite, 264

Burks-Brooks, Catherine, 122

Burnett, Leroy, 83

California Eagle, 52

Camp Shelby, 10, 12

Carey, Gordon, 121–22

Carnegie Hall, 2, 38, 200, 292–97

Carter, Robert, 111, 169

CBS News, 208, 218–19

Cellar, Emanuel, 241

Central High School, 246–47

Chafee, Lois, 163

Chamblee, John, 226, 231–32

Chaney, James, 195, 251–52, 274–75

Chansonettes, the, 200, 293–94

Chavis, Benjamin, Jr., 283–84, 285, 287

Chicago, 45–47, 70–71, 224

Chicago Bulls, 290

Chicago Defender, 21–22, 70–71, 209

Chisholm, Shirley, 263–64

Citizens’ Councils, 4, 65, 69, 80, 86, 87, 89, 97, 99, 101–2, 106, 168, 182, 192

City University of New York, 265

Civil Rights Act of 1957, 116, 227–28, 241

Civil Rights Act of 1964, 239, 240–41, 251, 284

Civil War, 17, 26, 94, 250

Claremont, California, 253–57, 274

Claremont Public Schools, 256–57

Clarion-Ledger, 21–22, 29–30, 63, 91, 97, 113, 119, 165, 197, 217, 224, 226, 227, 274–75

Clark, Fred Douglas Moore, Sr., 102–3, 125, 128, 129

Clark, Tom, 30

Clyde Kennard Fund, 149

Cole, Nat King, 43, 271

Coleman, James “J. P.”, 61–62, 64

College Hill Baptist Church, 113

College of Medical Evangelists, 52

Collins, Cardiss, 264

Collins, Ross, 29–30

Collins Funeral Home, 209–10, 214, 216–18

Compromise of 1877, 120

Congressional Black Caucus, 264

Congress on Racial Equality (CORE), 3, 6, 105, 107, 121–22, 130, 133

Connor, Theophilus Eugene “Bull,” 122, 155–56, 250

Cook, Alfred, 112–14

Council of Federated Organizations (COFO), 107–8, 131, 132–33, 145, 180, 251, 261

Courts, Gus, 69, 70, 90

Cox, Benjamin Elton, 234

Crisis in Black and White (Silberman), 67

Cuba, 145

Cunningham, Hugh, 243, 245, 247

Current, Gloster

Jackson Woolworth’s sit-ins, 164–65, 168

Medgar and, 80, 118–19, 130, 132

assassination, 190, 203, 205

funeral, 209–10

safety concerns, 171, 185–86

Myrlie and, 234–35

Daniels, James W., 90–91

Davis, Alexander K., 26

Davis, Jefferson, 50, 51

Davis, Joseph, 50–51

Davis Bend, 51

Decatur, Mississippi, 9–10, 13, 15–16, 20–21, 24, 30, 60

Decatur Consolidated School District, 25, 30

Dees, Morris, 275–76

De La Beckwith, Byron. See Beckwith, Byron De La

DeLaughter, Bobby, 275–76, 277, 279, 282

Delta Sigma Theta, 2, 288

Democratic Convention (1964), 261–62

Democratic Party, 26–27, 33

Mississippi Senate primary of 1946, 27–35

Dennis, David, 108, 133, 165

Dennis, Delmar, 279

Dent, Thomas Covington “Tom,” 149–50, 213

desegregation, 104, 145, 154, 172, 240, 298

of armed forces, 33

Brown v. the Board of Education, 61, 62–64, 97, 99, 111, 122, 127, 143, 154, 223, 228, 232, 243

Freedom Riders and, 107, 121–31

of Jackson schools, 140–43, 151–53, 180, 249

Little Rock Central High School, 246–47

Medgar and Ole Miss, 61–66, 67

Meredith and Ole Miss, 3, 109, 110–12, 135–40, 143–44, 147, 150–51, 172

Plessy v. Ferguson, 61

Tougaloo Nine, 112–14, 119–21, 131–32, 144–45

University of Alabama, 180, 250, 298

Detroit Council on Human Rights, 227

Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, 79–80

Diggs, Charles, 76, 210

Doar, John Michael, 118, 139, 218, 297

Domino, Fats, 43

Doral Country Club and Spa, 289

Douglas, Paul, 221

Douglass, Frederick, 288

Du Bois, W. E. B, 5, 11, 59

Dukes, Hazel, 286

Dulles, Allen W., 252

Dunn, Felix, 179

Eastland, James O., 63, 65–66, 79

Ebony, 3, 15, 93–94, 95, 148, 194, 223–24, 299

Edelman, Marian Wright, 129

Edwards, Geraldine, 112–14

Eisenhower, Dwight D., 5, 62–63, 74, 90–91, 246–47, 249, 271

Elizabeth II of England, 223

Ellis, Tom Q., 30

Elraine Subdivision, 83–84

Esquire, 260

Evers, Charles

at Alcorn A&M, 2, 35–36

assassination of Medgar, 185, 192–93, 207–8

aftermath, 219, 224, 252, 254–55, 298

burial at Arlington, 221, 222–23

funeral, 212, 213, 215–16

death of father, 59–61

early life of, 11–12, 15–22

education of, 15, 18, 23–24

hatred of white people, 15, 20–21, 215

lynchings and, 19–22

of Emmett Till, 70–71, 80–81

Medgar and safety concerns, 167

Medgar and work, 137

Meredith and Ole Miss, 140

Mississippi Senate election of 1946, 27–33

NAACP Man of the Year, 264

Robert Kennedy’s assassination, 259–60

on slavery, 17–18

during World War II, 2, 12–13

Evers, Darrell Kenyatta

assassination of father, 182, 186, 187, 190–91, 197–98, 204–8

aftermath, 219–20, 223, 224, 237–38, 240

funeral, 209, 212–13

Beckwith trial of 1994, 281

California move, 254–55, 256–57

death of, 296–97

early life of, 57, 58, 67, 85, 95, 96, 114, 164, 167, 168

John Kennedy’s assassination, 242

later life of, 282–83

school desegregation, 140–43, 151–53

Evers, James, Sr., 9, 15–16, 20, 22–25, 57, 62, 70–71

background of, 22–23

death of, 59–61

Evers, James Van

assassination of father, 182, 186, 187, 189, 197–98, 204–8, 242

Beckwith trial of 1994, 277

early life of, 95, 108, 168, 173

later life of, 282–83, 296

Obama and, 298–99

Evers, Jessie Wright, 15–16, 20–21, 22–25, 30, 57, 62, 70–71

background of, 22–23

death of, 60–61

death of husband, 59–60

Evers, Keanon, 296–97

Evers, Mary Ruth, 23–24, 59–60

Evers, Medgar

activism of, 3–4, 48–49, 50, 54–55, 58, 65–66, 85–93, 97–109, 127–34, 153–60, 168–85

Freedom Rides, 121–31

Jackson protests. See Jackson Movement

Kennard case, 100–102, 109, 146–51, 152

Meredith and Ole Miss, 3, 109, 110–12, 135–40, 143–44, 147, 150–51, 172

school desegregation efforts, 140–43, 151–53

speech of May 20, 1963, 158–60

Tougaloo Nine, 112–14, 119–21, 131–32, 144–45

Woolworth’s sit-ins, 104, 162–65, 168–72

at Alcorn A&M, 2, 35–39, 43–45, 49–50

assassination of. See assassination of Medgar Evers

in Chicago, 45–47, 70–71

children and family life, 58, 84–85, 95–97, 168, 173, 175–76, 179

death of father, 59–61

early life of, 9, 11, 15–22

Ebony profile, 3, 15, 93–94, 95, 223–24

education of, 15, 18, 23–24

love of Mississippi, 14, 44, 273–74

lynching of Emmett Till, 71–81

at Magnolia Mutual, 50–51, 53–56, 84, 273

Mississippi Senate election of 1946, 27–35

at Mound Bayou, 50, 53–58, 61, 84

Myrlie and. See Evers, Medgar and Myrlie

NAACP and, 6, 89–95, 97–109, 113–14, 117–21, 127–34, 153–60, 161–62, 169–74, 176–77, 183–85, 229–30

as assistant secretary, 92–93

as field secretary, 64, 65–67, 69–70

salary, 84

safety concerns, 97–98, 136–37, 151–53, 158, 166–68, 171, 173, 183–84, 185–86

death threats, 32, 62, 65, 103–4, 117, 118, 134, 143–44, 152, 158, 180, 185, 189, 219, 221, 229–30, 247

University of Mississippi Law School and, 61–66, 67

voter registration efforts, 27–31, 55, 65–66, 69, 87, 89–92, 105, 107–9, 117, 119, 121, 127, 128, 130–31, 132, 151, 157, 180

during World War II, 2, 9–15

Evers, Medgar and Myrlie, 67–68, 137–38, 177–78, 182–83, 235–36, 262, 299

at Alcorn A&M, 1–2, 35–39, 43–45, 49–50

Chicago trip, 45–47

first kiss, 45, 46–47, 292

first meetings, 36, 37–39, 43–45

as a love story, 1–5, 6–7

marital problems, 94–95, 114–17, 143

wedding, 2, 47–49

Evers, Mike, 23, 59–60

Evers, Myrlie Louise Beasley

at Alcorn A&M, 1–2, 35–39, 43–45, 49–50, 56, 57

Arlington National Cemetery visit, 283–87

assassination of Medgar, 4–5, 185–93

Beckwith and, 225, 244–45, 246, 248, 258, 268–69, 272, 274–82

burial at Arlington, 220–24

events preceding, 183–85, 229–30

funeral, 209–24

assassination of Medgar aftermath, 194–201, 206–8, 219–20, 234–43, 262–63

March on Washington, 238–41

speaking trips, 235–41, 252–53

Betty Shabazz and, 260–61, 264–66, 289–91

California move of, 253–57

children and family life, 57–58, 64–65, 67, 83, 84, 88–89, 94–97, 108, 114, 117, 145, 164, 175–76, 182–83, 238. See also specific children

school desegregation efforts, 140–43, 151–53

Coretta King and, 264, 266, 288, 289–91

early life of, 38, 39–43

election of 1970, 263–64

election of 1987, 271–73

Florida trip with Betty and Coretta, 289–91

John Kennedy’s assassination, 241–43

Medgar and. See Evers, Medgar and Myrlie

in Mound Bayou, 55–56, 57–58, 84

music and Carnegie Hall, 1–2, 38, 292–97

NAACP and, 264, 298, 299

board chairman, 283–89, 291

Obama and, 295–96, 298–99

Oregon move of, 274–75

political career of, 263–64, 271–73

at Pomona College, 257–58, 262, 267

safety concerns, 64–65, 165–68, 174–76, 179, 229–30

Walter and, 266–68, 271, 273, 274–75, 283

in Yazoo City, 67–68

Evers, Nan, 192–93, 238

Evers-Everett, Reena

assassination of father, 182, 186, 187, 189, 197–98, 204–8

aftermath, 219–20, 223, 224, 237–38, 240, 241–42

funeral, 209, 212–13

Beckwith trial of 1994, 281

California move, 254–55, 256–57, 264

early life of, 58, 65, 67, 84–85, 96, 114, 164, 168

later life of, 282–83, 293, 296

school desegregation, 140–43, 151–53

Evers Institute, 7

Evers-Jordan, Elizabeth “Liz,” 23–24

Fair Housing Act, 284

Farmer, James, 122, 124, 130

Farrakhan, Louis, 287

Faubus, Orval, 246–47

Faulkner, William, 9

FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), 4, 5, 118, 119, 120, 186, 203, 207, 224, 268–69

assassination of Medgar, 226–28, 232

lynching of Emmett Till, 69, 71–72, 78, 80

Federal Civil Rights Commission, 190

Fifteenth Amendment, 27

Figgers, Frank, 106, 133, 189, 204

First Baptist Church, 123, 124, 177

First Infantry Division, 12

Fitzgerald, Ella, 43

Ford, Louis, 74

Ford Foundation, 287

Forman, James, 129

Forrest County Circuit Court, 102

Forrest County Cooperative, 101

For Us, the Living (Evers), 262

Fourteenth Amendment, 162

Fox, John, III, 247, 248

France, 12–14

Freedom Riders, 107, 108, 121–31, 232, 234

Freedom Summer, 6, 249, 251–52, 261–62

French, Alleyne “Skeet,” 241–42

Friedan, Betty, 264

Friendship Clinic, 52–53, 57

funeral of Medgar Evers, 209–19

Gaither, Tom, 131

Garner, Erroll, 84

gas station boycotts, 54, 71

General Motors, 283

Ghosts of Mississippi (movie), 282

Gibson, William F., 283, 285, 286, 287

Gilfoy, Bob, 228–29

Gilliam, Dorothy, 140

Giovanni’s Room (Baldwin), 145

Goldberg, Whoopi, 282

Goldman, Ikram, 297

Goodman, Andrew, 195, 251–52, 274–75

Go Tell It on the Mountain (Baldwin), 145

Graham, Alton, 30–31

Graham, Eugene, 70–71

Grant, Ulysses, 120

Great Depression, 33, 232

Great Migration, 70, 81

Green, Benjamin T., 50–51

Greenberg, Jack, 135

Greene, Dewey, 151

Greene, Percy, 91, 98, 161, 229

Greensboro, North Carolina, 104

Greenwood, Oklahoma, 51

Gregory, Dick, 115, 148–49, 168, 174, 183, 204, 210, 230

Grier, Rosey, 259

Grover C. Frederick Farm, 71

Guihard, Paul, 138–39

Guynes Street house, 7, 82–89, 96, 141–42, 282

assassination of Medgar, 185–93, 204–5, 229

aftermath, 194–96, 252–53

Hall, Hazel Meredith, 136, 139

Hamer, Fannie Lou, 6, 66, 77, 208–9, 240, 261

Hampton, Fred, 5

Hampton Institute, 40

Hansberry, Lorraine, 295

Hargrove, Ralph, 244, 277

Harper, Frank, 30

Harper’s Weekly, 3

Hayes, Rutherford, 120

Hederman, Rea, 274

Hederman, Thomas and Robert, 29–30, 97, 274

Hedgeman, Anna Arnold, 240

Hefner, Hugh, 148

Height, Dorothy, 240

Henderson, Thelton, 170

Hendricks, Leon, 247

Henry, Aaron, 54

activism of, 71, 108, 118–19, 120, 131, 143–44, 170, 179, 252

MFDP challenge at Democratic Convention, 261–62

background of, 54

Beckwith trial of 1994, 276

COFO and, 107–8, 131, 132–33, 261

congressional testimony, 179, 223

lynching of Emmett Till, 71

Medgar and, 108, 133, 143, 147, 179

funeral, 214, 216

safety concerns, 143, 167

Himes, Chester, 14

Holder, Eric, 297–98

Holmes County Hospital, 99

Holy Ghost High School, 155

Honey Bun (dog), 263

Hood, James, 180, 298

Hooks, Benjamin, 284

Hoover, J. Edgar, 78, 118, 226–28, 232, 260

Hoover, Martha, 41

Horn, Mary Lizzie, 23

Horne, Lena, 115, 174, 183, 196, 208, 230

Horowitz, Rachelle, 239

Hospital of Knights and Daughters of Tabor, 52

House Judiciary Committee, 179–80, 223, 241

House Un-American Activities Committee, 258

Howard, Theodore Roosevelt Mason, 35, 50, 52–55, 61

funeral of Medgar, 210

lynching of Emmett Till, 72, 76–81

Hughes, Langston, 139

Humes, H. H., 98

Humphrey County, Mississippi, 90

Hurley, Ruby, 69

activism and NAACP, 91, 118–19, 130

assassination of Medgar, 199, 209, 219

lynching of Emmett Till, 71, 76

Myrlie and, 219, 234–35

Jack LaLanne Show, The (TV show), 84–85, 168

Jackson, David, 73, 75

Jackson, E. Franklin, 220

Jackson, Janice, 112–14

Jackson, Jesse, 284, 295

Jackson, Joseph, Jr., 112–14

Jackson Advocate, 33, 61, 91, 98, 119, 161, 179

Jackson Baptist Hospital, 88

Jackson Chamber of Commerce, 154, 158

Jackson Citizens Committee, 161

Jackson Daily News, 63, 97, 113, 202, 277

Jackson Junior Chamber of Commerce, 154, 158

Jackson Library “read-in,” 112–14, 119

Jackson-Medgar Wiley Evers International Airport, 295

Jackson Movement, 110–34, 160–80, 183–85

assassination of Medgar, 185–93

aftermath, 198–201, 203–4

events preceding, 183–85, 229–30

boycotts, 79, 99, 104–6, 113, 144–46, 151, 154–60, 169, 176, 184

Freedom Riders and, 124–31

Meredith and Ole Miss, 110–12, 135–40, 143–44, 147, 150–51, 172, 213

Operation Mississippi, 119–20

school desegregation efforts, 140–43, 151–53, 249

Tougaloo Nine, 112–14, 119–21, 131–32, 144–45

Woolworth’s sit-ins, 104, 162–65, 168–72, 241

Jackson Police Department, 118, 120, 121, 156–57, 203, 218, 225–26, 230, 249, 276

Jackson School Board of Trustees, 140

Jackson State University, 102, 110, 112–13

Jackson Zoo, 127

Jarrett, Valerie, 299

Javits, Jacob, 221

Jealous, Benjamin Todd, 298

Jefferson-Davis County, 90–91

Jemison, T. J., 93

Jet (magazine), 69, 73, 75, 79, 148, 194, 263

Jim Crow laws, 4, 13, 76, 154, 187, 198

Jim Hill High School, 103–4

Johanson, Eldri, 145

Johnson, Allen, 213

Johnson, Derrick, 107

Johnson, Lyndon, 5, 242, 249–51, 252, 259

Johnson, Paul, 137

Johnson, Sam, 118

Jordan, Barbara, 264

Justice Department, U.S., 30, 139, 167, 169, 170

Civil Rights Division, 118, 139, 218, 228, 252

Katzenbach, Nicholas, 252, 298

Kelly, Leroy, Jr., 230

Kennard, Clyde, 100–102, 109, 146–51, 152, 213, 234

Kennedy, Ethel, 195

Kennedy, Jacqueline “Jackie,” 195, 242, 261, 266

Kennedy, John F., 117

assassination of, 6, 241–43, 262, 278

assassination of Medgar, 5, 208, 222–23, 226–27, 250

civil rights movement and, 119–20, 126–28, 129–30, 138, 158, 161, 169, 172, 239, 250

Civil Rights Act, 222–23, 239, 240–41, 250, 251

televised address of 1963, 180–83, 202, 233, 251

election of 1964, 239

foreign policy, 145, 227

inaugural address of 1961, 110–11

Medgar’s assassination, 217

Kennedy, John F., Jr., 223, 242

Kennedy, Robert, 5, 117, 298

assassination of, 6, 259–60, 262

assassination of Medgar, 217, 221, 226–27

civil rights movement and, 123, 138, 158, 252, 295

Kenya, Mau Mau rebellion, 11, 44, 57, 93

Kenyatta, Jomo, 11, 57, 93

King, Bernice, 289

King, Clennon, 152

King, Coretta Scott, 195, 240, 260–61, 299

assassination of Malcolm, 259

assassination of Medgar, 215

Florida trip with Myrlie and Betty, 289–91

Myrlie and, 260–61, 264, 266, 288

King, Ed

activism and Jackson Movement, 100, 113, 117, 144, 152–57, 183, 184–85, 259

Klan’s death list, 152–53, 232

MFDP challenge at Democratic Convention, 261–62

Woolworth’s sit-ins, 163, 168, 169, 171

background of, 100

Medgar and, 99–100, 171, 173–74, 177, 184–85, 259

assassination, 199, 203–4

funeral, 212–16

King, Estes Knight, 232

King, Jeanette, 199

King, Martin Luther, Jr., 3–4

activism of, 57–58, 100, 177

Freedom Rides, 123–24

March on Washington, 240–41, 259

Montgomery Bus Boycotts, 80, 89–90, 92–93, 233

Walk to Freedom, 227

assassination of, 4, 6, 258–62

Baldwin and, 3–4, 145–46, 260

lynching of Emmett Till, 79–80

Medgar and, 89–90, 92–93, 172, 177, 185, 227

assassination, 202, 227

funeral, 209–11, 212, 215–16

philosophy of nonviolence, 58, 92, 123–24, 198

Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 92–93, 107, 123, 199–200

Korean War, 33, 246

Kosciusko, Mississippi, 112, 139

Ku Klux Klan, 4, 13, 18, 31, 65, 97, 122, 182, 232–33, 241, 249, 258

death lists, 152–53, 232

Ladies’ Home Journal, 262

Ladner, Joyce, 240

Lafayette, Bernard, 124, 125, 128, 129, 131, 233–34

Lake, Veronica, 37, 46

Lamarr, Hedy, 18

Lanier High School, 102–3, 155

Lassiter, Albert, 112–14

Lawson, James, 124, 198, 233

Lee, George Washington, 69, 81, 90

Lee, Herbert, 130–31

Lee, Rosebud, 69

Legal Education Advisory Committee, 63

Levine, Mickey, 222

Lewis, Alfred Baker, 132

Lewis, John, 5, 122, 124, 233, 241

Lewis, Pearlina, 162–65, 230

Lexington Advertiser, 99

Life (magazine), 194, 207, 223–24, 234, 281

Lincoln, Abraham, 3, 70, 120

Lincoln Memorial, 220

Lipscomb, Glenard P., 263

literacy tests, 26, 87

Little Rock Central High School, 246–47

Logan, A. M. E., 126

Lombard v. Louisiana, 162

Long, Earl K., 278

Look (magazine), 79, 242

Lorraine Motel, 259

Los Angeles Board of Public Works, 273

Los Angeles Times, 145

Los Angeles 10th District, 271–72

Lott, Hardy, 243, 244–46

Louie, Lilian, 230

Louis, Joe, 271

Luce, Henry, II, 296

Ludden, Willie, 155, 164–65

Lynch, John R., 129

lynchings, 2, 3, 25, 68–81, 73

of Brown, 68–69

of Smith, 69–70

of Till, 6, 70–81

of Tingle, 19–22, 76

Mabus, Ray, 295, 298

Madison, Joe, 283, 284–85

Magnolia Mutual Life Insurance, 50–51, 53–56, 84, 273

Major League Baseball, 66

Malcolm X, 4, 11, 110

assassination of, 4, 6, 258, 260–61, 262

Malone, Vivian, 180, 298

Marable, Manning, 7

March on Washington, 5–6, 80, 238–41, 259

Marshall, Burke, 118, 228, 252, 297

Marshall, Thurgood, 27, 29, 61, 64, 91, 111, 172

Mason, Gilbert, Sr., 104

Mason, Will, 52

Masonic Temple of Jackson, 83, 89, 97, 120, 121, 150, 154–55, 156, 170, 171, 174, 183, 198, 210–11, 216, 230

Massengill, Reed, 277–78

Mau Mau rebellion, 11, 44, 57, 93

Maxwell, Sylvester, 146

May, Andy, 32

Mayflower Hotel, 220

McDowell, Cleve, 165

McIntyre, Thorn, 277

McKissick, Floyd, 241

McMurray, Fred A., 78

Medgar Evers, USNS, 294

Medgar Evers Boulevard, 282

Medgar Evers College, 265

Meet the Press (TV show), 227

Meredith, James, 103, 111–12

funeral of Medgar, 210

University of Mississippi, 3, 109, 110–12, 135–40, 143–44, 147, 150–51, 172, 213

Mfume, Kweisi, 288

Milam, J. W., 72–80

Miller, Wallace, 248–49

Millsaps College, 99–100

Mink, Patsy Takemoto, 263–64

Mississippi. See also Jackson Movement

racism in, 15–22, 25–26

segregation in, 10, 17–20, 24, 61–67

slavery in, 16–18, 26, 41–42, 50–51, 59–60

voting rights, 25–27, 90–91. See also voting and voter registration

Mississippi Bankers Association, 158

Mississippi Economic Council, 158

Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP), 261–62

Mississippi Free Press, 98–100, 135, 143, 147, 149, 150–51, 198, 231

Mississippi Municipal Court, 118

Mississippi Senate election of 1946, 27–35

Mississippi Southern College, 101, 147

Mississippi State Board of Education, 64

Mississippi State College Board, 61

Mississippi State Fair for Negroes, 144

Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission, 97–98, 101–4, 112, 119, 133–34, 152, 161, 229, 275, 277

Mississippi Valley State College, 136

“Misty” (song), 84

Mitchell, Clarence, Jr., 116, 120, 154, 203, 209–10, 250–51, 288

Mitchell, Francis H., 3, 93–94

Mitchell, Jerry, 133–34, 232–33, 274–77, 279–80, 293, 297

Mitchell, Michael, 203

Mix, Tom, 18

Molotov cocktails, 166, 167

Montgomery, Ben, 50–51

Montgomery, Isaiah T., 50–51

Montgomery Bus Boycotts, 80, 89–90, 92–93, 104–5, 233

Moody, Ann, 152–53, 162–65

Moon, Henry, 74–75

Moore, Amzie, 54, 71, 80, 92, 107, 108

Moore, Russell, 276

Moses, Robert “Bob,” 106–9, 129–33, 249

Motley, Constance Baker, 111, 135, 165

Mound Bayou, Mississippi, 50–58, 61, 81, 84

Mount Heron Baptist Church, 93, 270

Muhammad, Elijah, 258

mulatto, 16

NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People), 89–93. See also specific members

assassination of Medgar, 5, 202–4, 205

Freedom Fund, 147

funeral of Medgar, 209–10, 217

Legal Defense Fund, 111, 149, 165

lynching of Emmett Till, 74–78, 79–81

Man of the Year, 264

membership, 25, 65, 71, 80–81, 87, 89, 91, 92, 105, 108, 142, 144, 157

Myrlie as board chairman, 283–89, 291

voter registration, 55, 63–66, 69, 79–80, 87, 89–92, 107–9, 117, 119, 121, 128, 130–31, 132, 142, 157, 171, 180

Youth Councils, 6, 79, 92, 103–4, 108, 127, 129, 165, 173

Nash, Diane, 124, 125, 128, 131, 213–14, 233, 240

Nashville Student Movement, 124, 128, 131, 233

National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice, 241

National Council of Churches, 212, 240

National Guard, 124, 139, 180, 243, 248–49, 250, 259

National Negro Council, 29, 34

National Rifle Association, 245

National Urban League, 117, 241

National Women’s Political Caucus, 264

Nazi Germany, 2, 12–13, 14, 73, 170, 195

Needham, A. J., 31

Needham, C. B., 31

Negro Elks of Boston, 238–39

“negro,” use of term, 7

Ness, Elliot, 186

New Deal, 27, 33, 99

New Republic, 147

Newson, Moses, 73

newspaper advertiser boycott, 99

Newton County Courthouse, 30–31

Newton County Hospital, 60–61

New York Pops, 296

New York Post, 74–75

New York Times, 75, 112, 200–201, 202, 217–18, 263, 298

Nixon, Richard, 264

Nixon v. Herndon, 27

nonviolence, 58, 92, 123–24, 128, 136, 198

Norman, Memphis, 162–65

Normandy landings, 10, 12–13

North Jackson Community Council, 106

North Jackson Youth Council, 106, 144–45

Oakwood University, 52

Obama, Barack Hussein, 295–99

octaroon, 16

Oldsmobile, 61, 82, 91–92, 96, 102, 106, 143–44, 146, 149, 174, 255

Ole Miss. See University of Mississippi

Ole Miss riot of 1962, 138–39

Olney, Warren, 91

Omaha Beach, 10, 12–13, 32

Operation Mississippi, 119–20

Organic Act, 26

Owens, Denise Sweet, 96, 204–5, 254

Paine, Thomas, 121

Pan African Congress (1945), 11

Parchman State Penitentiary, 101–2, 109, 125, 126, 128, 147–50, 163, 183, 213, 233, 234, 276

Paris, 14–15

Parker, Wheeler, 71

Parks, Rosa, 5, 80, 139, 256, 265, 291, 299

Patterson, Robert Boyd “Tut,” 64

Pearl Street AME Church, 164–65, 199, 200, 293

“peckerwoods,” 17, 28, 66

Peters, Ed, 275–76, 279, 282

Peters, William, 219

Pierce, Evelyn, 112–14

Pierce, M. B., 226

Pig Law, 101

Pink Martini, 293, 296

Pitman, Paula, 96

Pitman, Reggie, 96

Pittsburgh Courier, 75

Playboy, 255

Playboy Club, 148

Plessy v. Ferguson, 61

Polk, Myrlie Beasley “Aunt Myrlie,” 2, 95, 211, 253, 268, 294

assassination of Medgar, 192, 199–200

aftermath, 219, 236–38

background of, 38, 41

death of, 269–71

early life of Myrlie, 38, 41

Myrlie and Medgar, 45, 47–49, 55–56, 116

poll taxes, 26, 27–28, 39–31, 99, 295–96

Pomona College, 257–58, 262, 267

Poor People’s Campaign, 259

Prohibition, 52

prostitution, 53

Psycho (movie), 114, 176

quadroon, 16

racism, 13–14, 43, 44, 141

in Mississippi, 15–22, 25–26

Randolph, A. Philip, 5, 135, 241

Rather, Dan, 208

Ray, A. L., 218

Ray, James Earl, 262

Rayner Funeral Home, 73–74

“read-ins,” 112–14, 119

Reconstruction, 2, 24, 26, 120, 129

Reddix, Jacob, 113

Reed, Willie, 76–77

Regional Council of Negro Leadership (RCNL), 54, 61–62, 69

Reiley, Mark, 278–79

Reiner, Rob, 282

Reuther, Walter, 241

Revels, Hiram Rhodes, 26

Richardson, Gloria, 240

Rickford, Russell J., 261, 289

Robinson, Jackie, 66, 215

Rockland County NAACP, 5

Roosevelt, Eleanor, 33

Roosevelt, Franklin, 27, 33, 99

Roosevelt, Theodore, 51, 52

Rosewood, Florida, 51

Rucker Plantation, 14

Russell, Bill, 208

Rustin, Bayard, 92, 239

Salter, John, Jr.

activism of, 98–100, 144, 145, 156, 157, 176, 184, 199, 204, 232

Woolworth’s sit-ins, 162–65, 168–69

background of, 98–100

Medgar and, 98–100, 136–37, 157, 176, 179–80, 199

funeral, 209–10, 212, 214, 216

Sanders, Fred, 226, 232

Sanders, Lee Mack, 67

Sanders, Ruth Roanne, 294

Sanders, Stanley, 243

Sanders, Thelma, 126

Sassoon, Vidal, 296

Sawyer, Ethel, 112–14

Schwerner, Michael, 194, 195, 251–52, 274–75

Schwerner, Rita, 195

Seventh-Day Adventist, 52

Shabazz, Betty, 195, 260–61, 282, 299

assassination of Malcolm X, 258

Florida trip with Myrlie and Coretta, 289–91

Myrlie and, 260–61, 264–66, 282

Shady Grove Nursing Home, 268

sharecroppers (sharecropping), 14, 17, 18, 53, 54, 62, 71, 79, 89, 108, 112, 142, 146, 152, 210

Sharpton, Al, 284

Sherrod, Charles, 128

Shuttlesworth, Fred, 92, 235

Signal Mountain, 269, 278

Silberman, Charles, 67

Simmons, Althea, 253, 255

Simmons, William, 246

Sitton, Claude, 112, 200–201, 217–18

slavery, 59–60

in Mississippi, 16–18, 26, 41–42, 50–51, 59–60

Smith, Bennett W., 199–200

Smith, Frank Ellis, 228

Smith, Hazel Brannon, 99

Smith, Howard W., 241

Smith, Lamar “Ditney,” 69–70

Smith, Lonnie E., 27

Smith, R. L. T., 99, 133

Smith, William Gardner, 14

Smithsonian Institute, 259

Smiths Supermarket, 99

Smith v. Allwright, 27

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), 92–93, 123, 128, 133, 199–200

Southern Governors’ Conference, 128

Southern Poverty Law Center, 275

Sovereignty Commission. See Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission

Soviet Union, 113, 128

Speight, Herbert, 230–31, 247

Spies of Mississippi (Bowers), 101, 134

Spingarn Medal, 235, 291

Spottswood, Stephen G., 130, 222, 235

Springs, Josephine, 294

Stack, Robert, 186

Staple Singers, 115

State Fair for Colored People, 144

Steele, C. K., 92

Steinem, Gloria, 264

Stennis, John C., 79

Stevens, Robert, 213

Stratton, William, 80

Strider, Clarence, 76, 77

Stringer, E. J., 63

Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), 6, 105, 107, 128, 129, 233

Sweet, Dennis, 86–88, 95–96

Sweet, Dennis, III, 95–96, 204, 254

Sweet Auburn, Atlanta, 51

Swilley, Lee, 230–31

Taft, Robert, 34

Tate, Harriet, 190

Tennessee Valley Authority, 228

Terrell, Laura, 106

Texas Democratic Party, 27

Thirteenth Amendment, 17

“This Little Light” (song), 216

Thomas, Johnny B., 77

Thompson, Allen, 120, 127–28, 153–54, 156, 157–58, 161, 168–70, 180, 191–92, 207, 246, 295, 298

Thompson, Bennie, 98

Thompson, Winston J., 83

Till, Emmett, 6, 70–81

Till, Louis, 78–79

Till-Mobley, Mamie, 70, 73–74, 76, 78–79, 195, 234, 265

Tingle, Willie, 19–22, 76

Today (TV show), 196, 208, 219

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, 285

Tougaloo College, 98, 102–3, 144–45, 168

Tougaloo Nine, 112–14, 119–21, 131–32, 144–45

Tougaloo University, 162

Tri-State Defender, 73

Truman, Harry, 29, 33, 210

Trumpauer, Joan, 163

Tully, Edwin R., 234

Turner, Albert, 221

Turnipseed, Cassie Sade, 26

Tuskegee Airmen, 66

Twenty-Ninth Infantry Division, 12

Udall, Stewart, 220, 221

Union College, 52

United African Nationalist Movement, 198

University Hospital, 148–49, 189, 244

University of Alabama, 180, 250, 298

University of Mississippi (“Ole Miss”), 35, 250

McDowell and, 165

Medgar and, 61–66, 67

Meredith and, 3, 109, 110–12, 135–40, 143–44, 147, 150–51, 172

Untouchables, The (movie), 186

U.S. v. Classic, 27

Vaughn, Sarah, 43

Veterans Administration, 121

Veterans Memorial Stadium, 137–38

Vicksburg, Mississippi, 2, 40–41, 42–43

Victory Committee, 267

Vinson, Fred, 61, 62

Voter Education Project, 107–8, 180

voting and voter registration, 2, 25–31, 48, 55, 63–64, 65–66, 77, 87, 89–92, 105, 107–9, 117, 119, 121, 127, 130–31, 132, 142, 151, 157, 180, 184, 249, 251

Mississippi Senate election of 1946, 27–35

Voting Rights Act of 1965, 262, 263, 284

Walgreen’s Drug Store, 128

Walker, Edwin A., 246–47

Walk to Freedom, 227

Wallace, George, 180–82, 250, 298

Waller, William, 243–46, 248, 264

Wall Street Journal, 297

Walthall, Mississippi, 65, 130

Warren, Earl, 62

Washington, Booker T., 51, 98

Washington Post, 140

Waters, Maxine, 271

Watkins, Hezekiah, 125, 183–84, 205

Watson, Diane, 271

Wells, Carolyn, 188–89, 205, 254

Wells, Houston, 89, 99, 171, 173, 187–90, 254

Wells, J. G., 231

Wells, James, 171

Wells, Jean, 89, 165–67, 190, 254

Wells-Barnett, Ida B., 70, 225

Wesley, Bernon, 31

Wesley, John, 220

White, Hugh Lawson, 63–64

White, Walter, 75

White Citizens’ Councils. See Citizens’ Councils

White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, 233, 249

white supremacy, 6, 17, 18, 29–30, 35, 55, 57, 66–67, 102, 194, 210, 261, 269

Whitfield Hospital, 228–29

Whitney, S. Leon, 113

Whitten, Jamie, 228

Wilcher, Helen, 170

Wilkins, L. L., 213

Wilkins, Roy, 91, 102

Johnson and, 250–51

Kennedy and, 117–18, 126–27, 129–30, 241

lynching of Emmett Till, 75

Medgar and, 5, 75, 92, 93, 102, 108, 113–14, 117–18, 118–19, 125, 169–74, 185

assassination, 196, 202–3

funeral, 209–10, 211–12, 215

Myrlie and, 235, 241

Woolworth’s sit-ins, 169–72

Williams, John Bell, 63

Williams, Walter, 266–68, 271, 273, 274–75, 283

Wilson, Woodrow, 18

Winchell, Walter, 30, 186

Winfrey, Oprah, 5, 289

Wirtz, W. Willard, 241

Wofford, Harris, 126–27, 130

Womanpower Unlimited, 126

Woods, James, 282

Woolworth’s sit-ins, 19, 104, 162–65, 168–72, 241

World War I, 23, 70

World War II, 12–13, 43, 70, 78, 112, 123

Medgar during, 2, 9–15

Wren, W. B., 113

Wrenn, Willis Randall, 118

Wright, Eddie, 23

Wright, Elizabeth, 71–72

Wright, Essiens, 23

Wright, Medgar, 22–23

Wright, Moses, 71–72, 76, 77, 78

Wright, Richard, 14, 70, 161

Wright, Simeon, 71, 72, 73

Yazoo City, 67–68

Young, Jack, 11

Young, Johnnie Pearl, 88–89, 95, 114

assassination of Medgar, 187–91, 197, 229, 254

Young, Whitney, Jr., 117, 241

Youth Council, 106

“zoot suits,” 11

Zwerg, Jim, 122