1. Windmill near Norwich, painting by John Crome, c. 1816. Tate Gallery, London. Copyright © Tate, London, 2016
2. Le Gâteau des Rois, satirical cartoon on the Congress of Vienna, French school, 1815. Private Collection. The Stapleton Collection/Bridgeman Images
3. The Massacre at Chios of 1822, painting by Eugène Delacroix, 1824. Musée du Louvre, Paris. Lanmas/Alamy
4. The Fighting Temeraire, painting by Joseph Mallord William Turner, 1838. National Gallery, London. Bridgeman Images
5. The Emancipation of Russian Serfs in 1861, painting by Boris Mikhailovich Kustodiev, 1907. State Art Museum, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. Bridgeman Images
6. The Great Famine, painting by George Frederick Watts, 1850. Watts Gallery, Compton, Surrey. © Trustees of the Watts Gallery/Bridgeman Images
7. Open-cast copper mine at Falun, Sweden, lithograph, c. 1850. akg-images/ullstein bild
8. Arrival of the first train from St Petersburg to Tsarskoye Selo, lithograph, 1837. Heritage Image Partnership/Alamy
9. New Harmony, Indiana, engraving by F. Bate, 1838. Chronicle/Alamy
10. Windischgraetz bombards Prague, lithograph, 1848. Wien Museum, Vienna. akg-images
11. The Battle of Sadowa or Königgrätz, engraving, 1866. Interfoto/Alamy
12. Napoleon III’s army crosses the Mont Cénis pass, engraving, nineteenth century. Museo del Risorgimento, Milan. Copyright © 2016. Photo Scala, Florence
13. The City of Vienna Ball, painting by Wilhelm Gause, 1904. Wien Museum, Vienna. akg-images
14. The Steam Hammer in Nasmyth’s Foundry near Manchester, print after a painting by James Nasmyth, 1871. Hulton Archive/Getty Images
15. A Diagram of the Millennium Underground Railway, Budapest, print, 1896. Kiscelli Múzeum, Budapest (photo: György Klösz)
16. Emigrants, painting by Raffaello Gambogi, 1894. Museo Civico Giovanni Fattori, Livorno. De Agostini/Bridgeman Images
17. Hydrographic map of the Rhine between Neuburg and Sondernheim, pub. Verlag C. F. Müller, Karlsruhe, 1822/25. Generallandesarchiv, Karlsruhe (H/Rheinstrom Nr. 72). GLA/Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg
18. Bullfight, painting by Vicente Garcia de Paredes, 1892. De Agostini/Getty Images
19. Loading the transatlantic cable onto the Great Eastern steamship, illustration from Die Illustrirte Zeitung, March 1865. akg-images
20. Disinfection against cholera on the Serbian frontier, illustration from Le Petit Journal, January 1911. Mary Evans/Alamy
21. The Execution of Karl Ludwig Sand, lithograph by J. M. Volz and A. P. Eisen, 1820. Copyright © 2016 Scala, Florence / Bildarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin
22. Memorial of the liberation of the Bulgarian Church from the Greek Ecumenical Patriarchate, lithograph after a painting by Nikolai Pavlovich, 1872. Russian State Library, Moscow. Bridgeman Images
23. Les Misérables par Victor Hugo, advertisement by Jules Cheret, 1886. Private collection. Archives Charmet/Bridgeman Images
24. At the Zielony Balonik, painting by Kazimierz Sichulski, 1908. Muzeum Literatury im. Adama Mickiewicza, Warsaw
25. Suffragettes invading a polling station in Paris, illustration from Le Petit Journal, May 1908. Art Archive/Alamy
26. The Assassination of Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, painting by Juan Comba y Garcia 1897. Tarker/Bridgeman Images
27. The Attack, painting by Edvard ‘Euto’ Isto, 1899. National Museum of Finland, Helsinki. The National Board of Antiquities, Finland (photo: Markku Haverinen)
28. The Norwegian legislature declares independence from Sweden, tinted photograph by Frederik Hilfing-Rasmussen, illustration from Norges historie fremstillet for det norske folk, 1909
29. Relief of the German garrison from siege by Herero warriors, illustration from Le Petit Journal, February 1904. Getty Images
30. Defeat of Bulgarian forces by the Turks at the Second Battle of Adrianople, 21 July 1913, print. Photo12/ullstein bild
31. The Wolves (Balkan War), painting by Franz Marc, 1913. Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo. akg-images
32. The assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, illustration from Illustrierte Kronen Zeitung, June 1914. Alamy