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Al-Zumar

Makkan Period

In the name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate

[1] The revelation of this Book is from Allah, the Most Mighty, the Most Wise.

[2] (O Prophet), it is We Who have revealed this Book to you with Truth. So serve only Allah, consecrating your devotion to Him. [3] Lo, religion is exclusively devoted to Allah. Your religion is entirely consecrated to Him. As for those who have taken others than Allah for their guardians, (they say): “We worship them only that they may bring us nearer to Allah.” Allah will judge between them concerning what they differ about. Verily Allah does not guide anyone who is given to sheer lying, is an utter unbeliever.

[4] If Allah had wanted to take to Himself a son, He could have chosen anyone He wanted out of those whom He creates. Glory be to Him (that He should have a son). He is Allah: the One, the Overpowering. [5] He created the heavens and the earth with Truth, and He folds up the day over the night and folds up the night over the day. He has subjected the sun and the moon, each is running its course until an appointed time. Lo, He is the Most Mighty, the Most Forgiving. [6] He it is Who created you from a single being, and He it is Who made from it its mate. He it is Who created for you eight heads of cattle in pairs.1 He creates you in your mothers’ wombs, giving you one form after another in threefold depths of darkness.2 That, then, is Allah, your Lord. His is the kingdom. There is no god but He. So, whence are you being turned astray?

[7] If you disbelieve, know well that Allah has no need of you. Yet He does not like unbelief in His servants. But if you are thankful, your thankfulness will please Him. No one shall bear another’s burden. You are destined to return to your Lord and He will tell you what you used to do. He is well aware even of what lies hidden in your breasts.

[8] When any affliction befalls man, he cries out to his Lord, penitently turning to Him. But when his Lord bestows His favour upon him, he forgets the affliction regarding which he had cried out and sets up compeers to Allah that they may lead others astray from His Path. Say, (O Prophet): “Enjoy your unbelief for a while. Surely you will be among the inmates of the Fire.” [9] Is such a person (preferable or he) who is obedient, and prostrates himself in the watches of the night, stands (in Prayer), is fearful of the Hereafter, and looks forward to the mercy of His Lord? Ask them: “Are those who know equal to those who do not know?” Only those endowed with understanding take heed.

[10] Tell them (O Prophet): “O you servants of Mine who believe, have fear of your Lord. A good end awaits those who did good in this world. Allah’s earth is spacious.3 Verily those who persevere shall be granted their reward beyond all reckoning.”

[11] Tell them, (O Prophet): “I am bidden to serve Allah, consecrating my devotion to Him, [12] and I am bidden to be the first of those who surrender to Him.” [13] Say: “If I disobey my Lord, I fear the chastisement of an Awesome Day.” [14] Say: “Allah alone shall I serve, consecrating my devotion to Him. [15] So serve, apart from Him, whomsoever you please.” Say: “Behold, the real losers shall be those who will have lost their own selves and their kith and kin on the Day of Resurrection. Behold, that is the obvious loss. [16] There shall be sheets of fire above them and beneath them. This is the end against which Allah warns His servants. So dread My wrath, O you servants of Mine!” [17] (On the other hand), good tidings await those who eschew serving false gods and penitently return to Allah. (O Prophet), give good tidings to My servants, [18] to those who pay heed to what is said and follow the best of it. They are the ones whom Allah has guided to the Right Way; they are the ones endowed with understanding.

[19] (O Prophet), can you save him (from chastisement) against whom the sentence of chastisement has become due; him who has, (as it were), already fallen into the Fire?” [20] But those who fear their Lord shall have lofty mansions built over one another beneath which rivers flow. This is Allah’s promise and never does Allah fail to fulfil His promise.

[21] Do you not see that Allah sent down water from the sky, then made it flow on earth as springs and streams and rivers4 and then with it He brings forth vegetation of various hues; then this vegetation ripens and dries up, turning yellow, whereafter He reduces it to broken straw? Surely there is a lesson in this for those endowed with understanding. [22] Can he whose breast Allah has opened up for Islam and who is thus (moving along a Path) illumined by a light from Allah (be likened to him who derives no lesson from what he observes)? Woe, then, to those whose hearts were further hardened after Allah’s admonition. Such are indeed in obvious error.

[23] Allah has revealed the best teaching, a self-consistent Book which repeats its contents in manifold forms whereat shiver the skins of those that hold their Lord in awe, and then their skins and their hearts soften for Allah’s remembrance. That is Allah’s Guidance wherewith He guides whosoever He pleases. And he whom Allah does not guide to the Right Path has none to guide him. [24] How woeful is the plight of him who has nothing except his face to shield him from severe chastisement on the Day of Resurrection? Such evil-doers shall be told: “Taste now the consequence of your deeds.” [25] Their predecessors gave the lie to the Truth and then chastisement came upon them from whence they could not imagine. [26] So Allah made them taste degradation in the life of this world, and certainly the chastisement of the Hereafter will be much more grievous. Would that they knew!

[27] We have indeed propounded for mankind all kinds of parables in this Qur’ān that they may take heed. [28] It is an Arabic Qur’ān free of all crookedness that they may guard against their evil end. [29] Allah propounds a parable: there is a man whose ownership is shared by several quarrelsome masters, each pulling him to himself; and there is another who is exclusively owned by one man. Can the two be alike? All praise and thanks be to Allah. But most of them are unaware.5 [30] (O Prophet), you are destined to die and they too are destined to die. [31] Then eventually all of you will contend before your Lord on the Day of Resurrection. [32] Who, then, can be more unjust than he who lied against Allah and denied the Truth when it came to him, calling it a lie? Is there no room for such unbelievers in Hell? [33] But he who brought the Truth, and those who confirmed it as true, such are the ones who shall be guarded against the chastisement. [34] They shall have from their Lord all that they wish for. That is the reward of those that do good, [35] so that Allah may remit their worst deeds and reward them according to the best of their deeds.

[36] (O Prophet), does Allah not suffice for His servant? They frighten you with others apart from Him, although he whom Allah lets go astray, none can guide him to the Right Way. [37] And he whom Allah guides to the Right Way, none can lead him astray. Is not Allah the Most Mighty, the Lord of Retribution? [38] If you ask them: “Who created the heavens and the earth?” they will surely answer: “Allah.” Tell them: “What do you think, then, of the deities whom you call upon instead of Allah? If Allah should will that an affliction befall me, will those deities remove the harm inflicted by Him? Or if Allah should will that I receive (His) Mercy, will they be able to withhold His Mercy from me?” Say: “Allah is sufficient for me; those who have to put their trust, let them put their trust in Him. [39] Tell them: “My people, continue to work in your position as you will, I too will continue with my work. Soon you shall know [40] whom the degrading chastisement will visit and upon whom the everlasting chastisement will alight. [41] (O Prophet), We revealed to you the Book with the Truth for all mankind. So he who follows the Right Way does so to his own benefit, and he who goes astray, shall hurt only himself by straying. You are not accountable on their behalf.

[42] It is Allah Who takes away the souls of people at the hour of their death, and takes away at the time of sleep the souls of those that have not died. Then He retains the souls of those against whom He had decreed death and returns the souls of others till an appointed time. Surely there are Signs in this for a people who reflect.

[43] Or have they taken others instead of Allah as intercessors?6 Say: “Will they intercede though they may have no power and though they may not even understand?” [44] Say: “All intercession lies with Allah.7 His is the dominion of the heavens and the earth. And to Him will all of you be sent back.”

[45] When Allah alone is mentioned, the hearts of those who do not believe in the Hereafter contract with bitterness, but when deities apart from Allah are mentioned, they are filled with joy.8 [46] Say: “O Allah, the Originator of the heavens and the earth, the Knower of the unseen and the seen, You it is Who will judge among Your servants concerning what they differed. [47] If the wrong-doers possessed the treasures of the earth in their entirety and as much besides, they would gladly offer it on the Day of Resurrection to redeem themselves from the harrowing chastisement. This because there will appear to them from Allah something (exceedingly dismal which) they had never even imagined. [48] The evil consequences of their deeds will become fully apparent to them, and what they had scoffed at will encompass them.

[49] When an affliction befalls man, he cries out to Us; but when We grant him a favour from Us, he says: “I have been granted this on account of my knowledge.” Nay; this (favour) is a test; but most of them do not know. [50] Their predecessors also said the same, but their earnings proved of no avail to them, [51] and the evil consequences of their deeds overtook them. The wrong-doers among these will also be overtaken by the evil consequences of their deeds. They will be utterly unable to frustrate (Us). [52] Do they not know that Allah enlarges and straitens the provision of whomsoever He pleases? Therein are Signs for those that believe.

[53] Tell them, (O Prophet): “My servants9 who have committed excesses against themselves, do not despair of Allah’s Mercy. Surely Allah forgives all sins. He is Most Forgiving, Most Merciful. [54] Turn to your Lord and surrender yourselves to Him before the chastisement over-takes you; for then you will receive no help. [55] Follow the best of what has been revealed10 to you from your Lord before the chastisement suddenly comes upon you without you even being aware of it.” [56] Lest a person should say: “Alas for me for neglecting my duty towards Allah and for being among those that scoffed”; [57] and lest a person should say: “If only Allah had guided me, I should have been one of the God-fearing”; [58] or lest he should say, when he sees the chastisement: “O that I might return again, and be among those who do good.” [59] Yes indeed! But My Signs came to you and you rejected them as lies, and waxed arrogant and were among those who disbelieved. [60] On the Day of Resurrection you shall see that the faces of those who had lied against Allah have turned dark. Is Hell not vast enough to provide a room to the vainglorious? [61] But as for the God-fearing, Allah will deliver them on account of their achievements: no harm shall visit them nor shall they grieve.

[62] Allah is the Creator of everything; He is the Guardian over everything. [63] To Him belong the keys of the heavens and the earth. It is those who disbelieve in Allah’s Signs who will be the losers. [64] (O Prophet), say: “Ignorant people! Do you bid me to serve any other beside Allah?” [65] (Tell them clearly that) it was revealed to you and to all Prophets before you: “If you associate any others with Allah in His Divinity, your works will surely come to naught and you will certainly be among the losers.” [66] Therefore, serve Allah alone and be among those who give thanks.

[67] They did not recognise the true worth of Allah. (Such is Allah’s power that) on the Day of Resurrection the whole earth will be in His grasp,11 and the heavens shall be folded up in His Right Hand. Glory be to Him! Exalted be He from all that they associate with Him. [68] And the Trumpet shall be blown and all who are in the heavens and the earth shall fall down dead save those whom Allah wills. Then the Trumpet shall be blown again, and lo! all of them will be standing and looking on. [69] The earth shall shine with the light of its Lord, and the Scroll (of deeds) shall be set in place, and the Prophets and all witnesses shall be brought, and judgement shall be justly passed among them, and they shall not be wronged; [70] and everyone shall be paid in full for all that he did. Allah is best aware of all that they do.

[71] (After the judgement has been passed) the unbelievers shall be driven in companies to Hell so that when they arrive there, its gates shall be thrown open and its keepers shall say to them: “Did Messengers from among yourselves not come to you, rehearsing to you the Signs of your Lord and warning you against your meeting of this Day?” They will say: “Yes indeed; but the sentence of chastisement was bound to be executed against the unbelievers.” [72] It will be said: “Enter the gates of Hell. Herein shall you abide.” How evil is the abode of the vainglorious!

[73] And those who eschewed disobeying their Lord shall be driven in companies to Paradise so that when they arrive there its gates will have already been thrown open and its keepers shall say to them: “Peace be upon you; you have done well. So enter. Herein you shall abide.” [74] They will say: “All thanks and praise be to Allah Who has made His promise to us come true, and Who gave us the earth to inherit. We may now dwell in Paradise wherever we please.” How excellent is the reward of those who laboured!

[75] You shall see the angels surrounding the Throne, glorifying their Lord with His praise, and judgement will have been made among them with fairness, and it will be proclaimed: “All praise and thanks be to Allah, the Lord of the whole Universe.”

1. The cattle comprise the camel, the cow, the sheep, and the goat. Four males and four females make a total of eight heads of cattle.

2. The “three-fold depths of darkness” are the belly, the womb, and the membrane enclosing the foetus.

3. If life becomes too constrained for the devotees of the One True God in a particular city, region or country, they should move to another place where they do not have to face such hardships.

4. In this verse the word yanābīʿ is used. It embraces springs, streams and rivers.

5. People fully understand the difference between being the slave of one master and being the slave of several masters. Astonishingly, when it comes to the question of deities, people fail to comprehend the difference between being slaves of the One True God and of being the slaves of a multiplicity of gods. Here they show their utter lack of understanding; here they fail to appreciate the difference even when it is explained to them.

6. In the first place, those people had gratuitously assumed that others enjoyed such extraordinary influence with God that He could simply not afford to reject their intercession. They assumed this even though there was no basis to believe that anyone had such an overwhelming ability to intercede with God. God had not indicated this nor had the people concerned claimed that their influence with God was such that they could persuade Him to decide about their favourites in line with their wishes. To cap these follies, the ignorant ones continued to disregard God, their true Lord, and to consecrate all their devotion to those they thought of as intercessors.

7. The fact is that no one has the power to intercede with God, let alone compel God to accept his intercession. God has the sole authority to permit or disallow anyone to intercede. Moreover, if God were to permit anyone to intercede, He might permit that particular person to intercede on behalf of one person but might disallow such intercession on behalf of another.

8. This characteristic is shared by almost all people who have a polytheistic bent of mind. Such people verbally claim that they believe in God, but if anyone happens to mention the One True God their faces exhibit discomfort. This trait is quite widespread, so much so that it has affected the attitude of some Muslims as well. In a fit of anger such people are inclined to say: “This man surely does not believe in saints and holy men and that is why he keeps talking only about God.” On the contrary, when someone mentions others than God, their faces are aglow with joy.

9. Some people have come forth with a very strange interpretation of these words. They say that God Himself commanded the Prophet (peace be on him) to address people as “my servants”; therefore, all persons are his (to wit, the Prophet’s) servants. Such a view can hardly be called an interpretation of the Qur’ān. It rather represents the worst sort of distortion of the Qur’ān’s meaning and reducing it to a plaything. If this interpretation were correct, it would falsify and negate the whole of the Qur’ān. For the Qur’ān proclaims, from one end to the other, that human beings are the servants of only the One True God. In fact, the whole Message of the Qur’ān revolves around summoning people to accept the servitude of none except the One True God.

10. “To follow the best of what has been revealed to you from your Lord” means that one should fully devote oneself to carrying out God’s commands and refrain from all that He has forbidden, as also to deriving lessons from the Qur’ān’s various parables and narratives. As against this, we find that those who turn away from God’s commands deliberately commit forbidden acts, pay no heed to God’s directives; in short, they adopt an attitude that the Qur’ān utterly denounces.

11. This is a metaphorical description of God’s absolute sovereignty, dominion, and control of the heavens and earth: “(Such is Allah’s power that) on the Day of Resurrection the whole earth will be in His grasp, and the heavens shall be folded up in His Right Hand.” We see today that a person encloses a small ball in the hollow of his hand with perfect ease, or another person folds up a handkerchief and then holds it in his hand without the least difficulty. All human beings – and they are presently in no position to have an accurate estimate of God’s power and might – will come across a strange spectacle on the Day of Resurrection. They will see that the heavens and the earth are no larger than an ordinary ball or small handkerchief in God’s Hand.