Please note that some of the links referenced in this work may no longer be active.
Introduction
1. The story of Captain John Swords’s scam using Gilbert Stuart’s painting of George Washington was unearthed in E. P. Richardson, “China Trade Portraits of Washington after Stuart,” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, January 1970, 95–100. This retelling relies on the original court documents provided in Richardson’s article.
2. “The History of Fraud-Art,” Guardian, n.d., retrieved September 28, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/btbroadbandsecurity/story/0,1736129,00.html.
3. Jonathan Lopez, The Man Who Made Vermeers (Orlando: Harcourt, 2008), 183.
4. This modern-day U.S. dollar amount comes from a World War II guilders-to-reichsmarks conversion rate of 1:1.5, and a World War II dollars-to-reichsmarks conversion rate of 1:2.5, multiplied by an inflation ratio from 1944 to present-day U.S. dollars of 1:13.39. However, it does not take into account the exponential increase in valuations of the paintings of Johannes Vermeer, who is today the most coveted seventeenth-century Dutch painter.
5. Lopez, The Man Who Made Vermeers.
6. Andrew Levy, “The Most Devious Person I’ve Dealt With: Judge Hits Out at Con Man Who Tricked Widow Out of £700,000,” Daily Mail, March 13, 2012, retrieved October 2, 2014, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2114441/John-Drewe-trial-Judge-hits-con man-tricked-widow-700k.html.
7. Megan M. Fontella, “Foreword,” Collections: A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals 10, no. 3 (Summer 2014): 247.
8. “The Gentle Art of Forgery,” 60 Minutes (CBS), n.d., retrieved October 3, 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e1nOweWPjFU.
9. Ibid.
10. Lopez, The Man Who Made Vermeers, 232.
11. www.tonytetro.com, retrieved October 4, 2014.
12. Anita F. Moskowitz, “Masterpiece or Master Fraud?” Florentine, December 9, 2013, retrieved October 4, 2014, http://www.theflorentine.net/articles/article-view.asp?issuetocId=8713.
13. Barry Cole and Geraldine Norman, “Obituary: Eric Hebborn,” Independent, January 13, 1996, retrieved October 4, 2014, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-eric-hebborn-1323749.html.
14. LinkedIn profile, “Michael O’Kelly, Owner at Michael O’Kelly Books,” retrieved October 4, 2014, https://www.linkedin.com/pub/michael-o-kelly/32/bb1/926.
15. Publicity page for Caveat Emptor: The Secret Life of an American Art Forger (Google eBook), retrieved October 4, 2014, http://books.google.com/books/about/Caveat_Emptor.html?id=8V8RmFasm5oC.
16. Justin Jones, “Expert Art Forger Is Exposed in Documentary,” Daily Beast, April 18, 2014, retrieved October 4, 2014, http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/04/18/expert-art-forger-is-exposed-in-documentary.html.
17. Clifford Irving, Fake! The Story of Elmyr de Hory, the Greatest Art Forger of Our Time (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1969).
18. Kurt Bayer, “Fake Forgeries Pulled from Auction,” New Zealand Herald, October 7, 2014, retrieved October 9, 2014, http://m.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11338028.
19. Interview with Meghan Weeks, October 3, 2014.
20. Peter Landesman, “A 20th-Century Master Scam,” New York Times, July 18, 1999, retrieved February 2, 2015, http://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/18/magazine/a-20th-century-master-scam.html.
21. “Over 50 Percent of Art Is Fake,” Artnet News, October 13, 2014, retrieved October 14, 2014, http://news.artnet.com/in-brief/over-50-percent-of-art-is-fake-130821.
22. “Authentication Research Service,” International Foundation for Art Research, retrieved October 4, 2014, http://www.ifar.org/authentication.php.
23. Peter Plagens and Yahlin Chang, “Van Gogh or No Gogh? Scholars Have New Doubts about Some Multimillion-dollar Paintings: But They Hope Nobody’s Listening,” Newsweek, July 21, 1997, 72.
24. Nicholas Eastaugh and Jilleen Nadolny, “The Analytical Results of a Group of Beltracchi Forgeries,” in Dev Fall Beltracchi und die Folgen, ed. Henry Keazor and Tina Ocal (Berlin: DeGruyter, 2014), 66.
25. Ibid., 60.
26. Ibid., 60-61.
27. Kenneth Polk and Duncan Chappell, “Fakes and Deception: Examining Fraud in the Art Market,” in Art and Crime: Exploring the Dark Side of the Art World, ed. Noah Charney (New York: Praeger, 2009), 81.
Chapter 1: The Forger
1. “Interview with Wolfgang Beltracchi: Confessions of a Genius Art Forger,” Spiegel Online International, March 9, 2012, retrieved June 28, 2014, http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/spiegel-interview-with-wolfgang-beltracchi-confessions-of-a-genius-art-forger-a-819934.html.
2. James Gardner, “The Evil of Banality: On the Nazi Perversion of Art,” Weekly Standard 19, no. 32 (May 5, 2014).
3. Michael Sontheimer, “The Flechtheim Paintings: Inside Germany’s Most Complicated Art Restitution Battle,” Spiegel Online International, July 5, 2012, retrieved August 20, 2013, http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/flechtheim-heirs-wage-restitution-battle-with-german-museums-a-841477.html.
4. Ibid.
5. Stefan Koldehoff, “Mit Deutschen Grüßen,” Die Welt, June 30, 2010, retrieved August 21, 2013, http://www.welt.de/welt_print/kultur/article8233173/Mit-deutschen-Gruessen.html.
6. Joshua Hammer, “The Greatest Fake-Art Scam in History?” Vanity Fair, October 10, 2012, retrieved October 5, 2014, http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2012/10/wolfgang-beltracchi-helene-art-scam.
7. Alexander Forbes, “Werner Spies Breaks His Silence Regarding Max Ernst Forgeries,” Berlin Art Brief (blog), Art Info, February 15, 2012, retrieved June 22, 2014, http://blogs.artinfo.com/berlinartbrief/2012/02/15/werner-spies-breaks-his-silence-regarding-max-ernst-forgeries/.
8. Sven Robel and Michael Sontheimer, “The $7 Million Fake: Forgery Scandal Embarrasses International Art World,” Spiegel Online International, June 13, 2011, retrieved June 22, 2014, http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/the-7-million-fake-forgery-scandal-embarrasses-international-art-world-a-768195.html; Hammer, “The Greatest Fake-Art Scam in History?”
9. Hammer, “The Greatest Fake-Art Scam in History?”
10. Ibid.
11. Christie’s auction catalog, Sale 5477, German and Austrian Art ’95; retrieved June 24, 2014, http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=278705.
12. Stephanie D’Alessandro, ed., German Expressionist Prints: The Marcia and Granvil Specks Collection (New York: Hudson Hills, 2004), 82.
13. Lempertz Highlights Auction 896, November 29, 2006, retrieved June 26, 2014, http://www.lempertz.eu/85+M5e3a8585a64.html.
14. Christie’s auction catalog, Sale 5477.
15. Nicholas Eastaugh, e-mail interview, July 7, 2014.
16. “Looking Deeper into the Material of Art,” Art Access & Research Biographies, retrieved June 23, 2014, http://artaccessresearch.com/biographies/.
17. Paraic O’Brien, “Wolfgang Beltracchi: Portrait of the Artist as a Con Man,” Channel 4 News (UK), April 16, 2014, retrieved June 28, 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zz6YXjSHFOI.
18. “Investigators Zero in on Massive Art Forgery Scandal,” Spiegel Online International, November 5, 2010, trans. from the German by Jan Liebelt; retrieved June 26, 2014, http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/the-hippy-and-the-expressionists-investiagors-zero-in-on-massive-art-forgery-scandal-a-726982.html.
19. Hammer, “The Greatest Fake-Art Scam In History?”
20. Tony Paterson, “Time Runs out for Germany’s Master Forgers,” Independent, October 26, 2011, retrieved February 2, 2015, http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/time-runs-out-for-germanys-master-forgers-2375970.html.
21. After some discussion with the author, Wolfgang Beltracchi opted not to participate in an interview for this book.
22. “Confessions of a Genius Art Forger.”
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. Hammer, “The Greatest Fake-Art Scam in History?”
26. Clare Finn, “The Devil in the Detail,” Apollo 179, no. 616 (January 1, 2014): 50.
27. “Confessions of a Genius Art Forger.”
28. Hammer, “The Greatest Fake-Art Scam in History?”
29. “The Man Behind the False ‘Werner Jagers’ Art Collection Confessed the Forgery,” press release, Artvera, September 30, 2011, retrieved February 2, 2015, http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:FDQRODLK03kJ:www.artveras.com/upload/press_release/1317912737_PR_Forgery_09_30_11.pdf+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us.
30. “Confessions of a Genius Art Forger.”
31. Jilleen Nadolny, e-mail interview, July 7, 2014.
32. Nicholas Eastaugh and Jilleen Nadolny, “The Analytical Results of a Group of Beltracchi Forgeries,” in Dev Fall Beltracchi und die Folgen, ed. Henry Keazor and Tina Ocal (Berlin: DeGruyter, 2014), 67.
33. “Confessions of a Genius Art Forger.”
34. Julia Michalska, Charlotte Burns, and Ermanno Rivetti, “True Scale of Alleged German Forgeries Revealed,” The Art Newspaper, Issue 230, December 5, 2011, retrieved February 2, 2015, http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/True-scale-of-alleged-German-forgeries-revealed/25235.
35. O’Brien, “Wolfgang Beltracchi: Portrait of the Artist as a Con Man.”
36. “Confessions of a Genius Art Forger.”
37. Dave Itzkoff, “Forged Painting Was Once in the Collection of Steve Martin, German Police Say,” New York Times, May 31, 2011, retrieved June 29, 2014, http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/05/31/forged-painting-was-once-in-collection-of-steve-martin-german-police-say/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0.
38. Alexander Forbes, “Werner Spies Breaks His Silence Regarding Max Ernst Forgeries,” Berlin Art Brief (blog), Art Info, February 15, 2012, retrieved June 22, 2014, http://blogs.artinfo.com/berlinartbrief/2012/02/15/werner-spies-breaks-his-silence-regarding-max-ernst-forgeries/.
39. Eastaugh and Nadolny, “Analytical Results of a Group Of Beltracchi Forgeries,” 72.
40. Nicholas Eastaugh, “Learning from Beltracchi,” in Dev Fall Beltracchi und die Folgen, ed. Henry Keazor and Tina Ocal (Berlin: DeGruyter, 2014), 82.
41. Nicholas Eastaugh, e-mail interview, July 7, 2014.
42. Jilleen Nadolny, e-mail interview, July 7, 2014.
43. Nicolai Hartvig, “Masterminds of Massive Forgery Ring That Snookered Steve Martin Receive Light Sentences after Charming Court and Public,” October 28, 2011, retrieved June 29, 2014, Blouin Artinfo, http://www.blouinartinfo.com/news/story/482178/masterminds-of-massive-forgery-ring-that-snookered-steve.
44. Bojan Pancevski, “Artful Dodger Duped the Experts,” The Australian, February 19, 2014, retrieved February 2, 2015, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/artful-dodger-duped-the-experts/story-fnb64oi6-1226830839995?nk=fde5e90807280cd2f0486259711885da.
45. Hartvig, “Masterminds of Massive Forgery Ring that Snookered Steve Martin.”
46. Michael Sontheimer, “A Cheerful Prisoner: Art Forger All Smiles after Guilty Plea Seals Deal,” Spiegel Online International, October 27, 2011, retrieved June 29, 2014, http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/a-cheerful-prisoner-art-forger-all-smiles-after-guilty-plea-seals-deal-a-794454.html.
47. Bob Simon, “The Con Artist,” 60 Minutes (CBS), original air date February 23, 2014, CBS News Transcripts (LexisNexis.com).
48. Simon, “Con Artist.”
49. Nicholas Eastaugh and Jilleen Nadolny, via an e-mailed interview, July 7, 2014.
50. Jilleen Nadolny, e-mail interview, October 6, 2014.
51. Pancevski, “Artful Dodger Duped the Experts.”
52. Simon, “Con Artist.”
53. O’Brien, “Wolfgang Beltracchi: Portrait of the Artist as a Con Man.”
54. Ibid.
55. Eastaugh and Nadolny, “The Analytical Results of a Group of Beltracchi Forgeries,” 68.
56. Nadolny, e-mail interview, July 7, 2014.
Chapter 2: The Broker
1. Patricia Cohen, “A Gallery That Helped Create the American Art World Closes Shop after 165 Years,” New York Times, November 30, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/01/arts/design/knoedler-art-gallery-in-nyc-closes-after-165-years.html?_r=0.
2. Faustino Quintanilla, “Jaime Andrade: A Life for Art,” retrieved July 2, 2014, http://www.qcc.cuny.edu/artgallery/exhibitDetail.asp?exhibitID=48.
3. Ibid.
4. “David Herbert profile,” from Civil Complaint: Domenico De Sole and Eleanore De Sole v. Knoedler Gallery, LLC D/B/A Knoedler & Company, and Ann Freedman, 12 CIV 2313, US District Court (S.D.N.Y. March 28, 2012).
5. Quintanilla, “Jaime Andrade.”
6. Civil Complaint: Frank Fertitta III and Evelyn Maclean v. Knoedler Gallery, LLC et al., 14 CV 2259, US District Court (S.D.N.Y. April 1, 2014).
7. Dune Lawrence and Wenxin Fan, “The Other Side of an $80 Million Art Fraud: A Master Forger Speaks,” Bloomberg News, December 19, 2013, retrieved July 1, 2014, http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-12-19/the-other-side-of-an-80-million-art-fraud-a-master-forger-speaks.
8. Ibid.
9. Sarah Maslin Nir, Patricia Cohen, and William K. Rashbaum, “Struggling Immigrant Artist Tied to $80 Million New York Fraud,” New York Times, August 16, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/17/nyregion/struggling-immigrant-artist-tied-to-80-million-new-york-fraud.html?pagewanted=all.
10. Sealed Indictment: United States v. Jose Carlo Bergantinos, Jesus Angel Bergantinos, and Pei Shen Qian, 14 CRIM 217 (S.D.N.Y. March 31, 2014).
11. Ibid.
12. Michael Shnayerson, “A Question of Provenance,” Vanity Fair, May 2012, retrieved July 4, 2014, http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2012/05/knoedler-gallery-forgery-scandal-investigation.
13. Patricia Cohen, “Artist’s Family Says Gallery Ignored Warning of Fakes,” New York Times, May 6, 2012, retrieved July 4, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/07/arts/design/knoedler-now-in-dispute-over-diebenkorn-drawings.html?pagewanted=all; Civil Complaint: Domenico De Sole and Eleanore De Sole v. Knoedler Gallery et al., 12 CIV 2313.
14. Civil Complaint: De Sole and De Sole.
15. Amended Civil Complaint and Demand for Jury Trial: John D. Howard v. Ann Freedman et al., 12 CV 5263, US District Court (S.D.N.Y. October 21, 2013).
16. Declaration of Ann Freedman: De Sole and De Sole.
17. Civil Complaint: De Sole and De Sole.
18. Ibid.
19. Museum of Modern Art, s.v. “About This Artist: Robert Motherwell,” Museum of Modern Art website (source: Oxford University Press), 2009, retrieved July 5, 2014, http://www.moma.org/collection/artist.php?artist_id=4126.
20. Letter from Morgan Spangle to Julian Weissman, February 15, 2007; Complaint: Killala Fine Art Limited v. Julian Weissman et al. 11 CIV 0702, US District Court (S.D.N.Y. February 1, 2011).
21. James Panero, “Behind the Veil: Questions about Art Authentication,” Wall Street Journal, March 23, 2011, retrieved July 5, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748704608504576208622894968298.
22. Laura Gilbert, “‘Document Dump’ Reveals New Details in Knoedler Case,” Art Newspaper, October 8, 2014, retrieved October 9, 2014, http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/Document-dump-reveals-new-details-in-Knoedler-case/35881.
23. Civil Complaint: De Sole and De Sole.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid.
26. Shnayerson, “A Question of Provenance.”
27. Letter from Jack Flam to Julian Weissman, February 17, 2009; Complaint: Killala Fine Art Limited v. Julian Weissman et al. 11 CIV 0702, US District Court (S.D.N.Y. February 1, 2011).
28. Shnayerson, “A Question of Provenance.”
29. Civil Complaint: Lagrange v. Knoedler, Civil Complaint: Pierre Lagrange et al. v. Knoedler Gallery, LLC, et al. 11 CIV 8757, US District Court (S.D.N.Y, December 1, 2011).
30. First Amended Complaint: Pierre Lagrange et al. v. Knoedler Gallery et al., January 17, 2012.
31. Civil Complaint: Lagrange v. Knoedler, 11 CIV 8757, (S.D.N.Y. December 1, 2011).
32. Ibid.
33. Settlement Agreement and Mutual Release, Killala Fine Art Limited v. Julian Weissman, et al.11 CIV 0702, U.S. District Court (S.D.N.Y October 6, 2011).
34. Cohen, “A Gallery That Helped Create the American Art World Closes Shop after 165 Years.”
35. Ibid.
36. Rosenberg v. Seattle Art Museum, 42 F. Supp. 2d 1029 (W.D. Wash, March 29, 1999), http://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp2/42/1029/2501685/, retrieved July 9, 2014.
37. Judith H. Dobrzynski, “Seattle Museum Is Sued for a Looted Matisse,” New York Times, August 4, 1998, retrieved July 9, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/1998/08/04/arts/seattle-museum-is-sued-for-a-looted-matisse.html.
38. Sheila Farr, “Seattle Gets Pick of Paintings after Matisse Loss,” Seattle Times, October 13, 2000, retrieved July 9, 2014, http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20001013&slug=4047641.
39. Adam Gorlick, “Oil Painting Returned to Italy,” Bangor Daily News, June 25, 2001, B4.
40. James Martin, Orion Analytical LLC, Orion Project No. 1745. Domenico De Sole et al. v. Knoedler Gallery et al. 12 CIV 2313, U.S. District Court (S.D.N.Y. March 28, 2012).
41. Ibid.
42. Sealed Indictment: Bergantinos.
43. Federal Bureau of Investigation Press Release, “Art Dealer Pleads Guilty in Manhattan Federal Court to $80 Million Fake Art Scam, Money Laundering, and Tax Charges,” September 16, 2013, http://www.fbi.gov/newyork/press-releases/2013/art-dealer-pleads-guilty-in-manhattan-federal-court-to-80-million-fake-art-scam-money-laundering-and-tax-charges.
44. Federal Bureau of Investigation Press Release, “Three Defendants Charged in Manhattan Federal Court in Connection With $33 Million Art Fraud Scheme,” April 21, 2014, http://www.fbi.gov/newyork/press-releases/2014/three-defendants-charged-in-manhattan-federal-court-in-connection-with-33-million-art-fraud-scheme.
45. Lawrence and Fan, “Other Side of an $80 Million Art Fraud.”
46. Jon Swaine, “Artist at Centre of Multimillion Dollar Forgery Scandal Turns Up in China,” Guardian, April 22, 2014, retrieved October 13, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/apr/22/forged-art-scandal-new-york-artist-china-spain.
47. Lawrence and Fan, “Other Side of an $80 Million Art Fraud.”
48. Patricia Cohen, “Note to Forgers: Don’t Forget the Spell Check,” New York Times, June 11, 2014, retrieved July 20, 2014, http://mobile.nytimes.com/2014/06/12/arts/design/note-to-forgers-dont-forget-the-spell-check.html?_r=0.
49. Declaration of Ann Freedman: De Sole and De Sole.
50. Kate Lucas, “Former Knoedler President Ann Freedman Sues New York Dealer over Comments in Article on Knoedler Scandal,” Art Law (blog), Grossman LLP, September 17, 2013, retrieved August 31, 2014, http://grossmanllp.com/art-law-blog/2013/09/former-knoedler-president-ann-freedman-sues-new-york-dealer-over-comments-in-article-on-knoedler-scandal/.
51. Ibid.
52. Ann Freedman v. Marco Grassi, Supreme Court of the State of New York, County Suffolk, Complaint. September 11, 2013. http://www.scribd.com/doc/167631606/Freedman-Defamation-Complaint; Retrieved August 31, 2014.
53. Gilbert, “‘Document Dump.’” N.B. The Art Newspaper reported that the former agent was “retained by either Freedman or Knoedler.”
54. As of the date of publication, civil cases filed by and against Ann Freedman and the Knoedler Gallery related to the Rosales matter were still pending.
Chapter 3: The Art Ponzi Scheme
1. James Panero, “An Old Master in Ruins,” New York Magazine, March 31, 2008, http://nymag.com/news/features/45324/.
2. Ibid.
3. Will Bennett, “Picture Sold for £75,000 ‘Is Caravaggio Worth Millions,’” Telegraph, July 14, 2004, retrieved August 7, 2014, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1466943/Picture-sold-for-75000-is-Caravaggio-worth-millions.html.
4. Ibid.
5. “‘Caravaggio’ Painting Sparks a Row,” BBC News, July 14, 2004, retrieved August 6, 2014, http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/entertainment/3894605.stm.
6. Martin Gayford, “How Caravaggio Saw in the Dark,” Telegraph, July 13, 2010, retrieved August 7, 2014, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-features/7887249/How-Caravaggio-saw-in-the-dark.html.
7. Mina Gregori, The Age of Caravaggio (New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1985), 18.
8. “Caravaggio Painting Found in an Attic Now Fully Restored and Worth £70m,” Mail Online (Daily Mail), October 18, 2006, retrieved August 7, 2014, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-411248/Caravaggio-painting-attic-fully-restored-worth-70m.html.
9. Sarah Portlock, “Caravaggio to the Rescue?” New York Sun, October 16, 2007, retrieved August 7, 2014, http://www.nysun.com/arts/caravaggio-to-the-rescue/64600/.
10. “The Art of the Steal,” American Greed, CNBC, season 5, episode 11, original airdate April 6, 2011.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Panero, “An Old Master in Ruins.”
14. John McEnroe, You Cannot Be Serious (New York: Berkley, 2002), Kindle edition.
15. Panero, “An Old Master in Ruins.”
16. Dan Duray, “Raging Bulls of the Renaissance Scam: Larry Salander’s Dupes Clash in Court,” New York Observer, March 23, 2011, retrieved August 6, 2014, http://observer.com/2011/03/raging-bulls-of-the-renaissance-scam-larry-salanders-dupes-clash-in-court/.
17. Eileen Kinsell, “Untangling the Salander Mess,” ARTnews, July 1, 2010, retrieved August 6, 2014, http://www.artnews.com/2010/07/01/untangling-the-salander-mess/; Melissa Grace and Tracy Connor, “Tennis Great John McEnroe Helps Nab Art Dealer Lawrence Salander, Who Was Indicted For Fraud,” New York Daily News, March 26, 2009, retrieved August 10, 2014, http://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/tennis-great-john-mcenroe-helps-nab-art-dealer-lawrence-salander-indicted-fraud-article-1.370014.
18. “Art of the Steal,” American Greed.
19. Caroline Kinneberg, “Profile: Salander–O’Reilly Galleries,” New York Magazine, retrieved August 9, 2014, http://nymag.com/listings/attraction/Salander-O-Reilly/.
20. Ginger Adams Otis, “His Exhibit of Goyas, Pollocks, and ‘Ponzis,’” New York Post, October 28, 2007, 6.
21. Panero, “An Old Master in Ruins.”
22. Auction Results, “Important American Paintings, Drawing and Sculpture,” Sale 2058, Lot 28, December 4, 2008, retrieved August 9, 2014, http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/drawings-watercolors/stuart-davis-egg-beater-5154189-details.aspx.
23. “Biography: Stuart Davis,” adapted from Eye, GHL; American Art at the Phillips Collection; retrieved August 9, 2014, http://www.phillipscollection.org/research/american_art/bios/davis_s-bio.htm.
24. The facts surrounding Salander’s dealings with the collection of Stuart Davis come from the complaint filed by the plaintiff in Earl Davis v. Salander-O’Reilly Galleries LLC et al., 07 CV 4165 (S.D.N.Y. May 29, 2007).
25. Earl Davis v. Salander-O’Reilly Galleries LLC et al., 07 CV 4165 (S.D.N.Y. May 29, 2007).
26. Helen O’Neill, “Former Gallery Owner Larry Salander: The Art World’s Bernie Madoff, and His Deceptions,” artdaily.org, retrieved August 10, 2014, http://artdaily.com/news/42014/Former-Gallery-Owner-Lawrence-Salander-The-Art-World-s-Bernie-Madoff-and-His-Deceptions-#.U-fGP2Md_wI.
27. O’Neill, “Art World’s Bernie Madoff”; “Art of the Steal,” American Greed.
28. Philip Boroff, “Deniro Testifies against Dealer Accused of Stealing Dad’s Art,” Bloomberg, March 19, 2011, retrieved August 10, 2014, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-03-04/robert-de-niro-to-testify-as-ex-salander-employee-starts-trial-for-fraud.html.
29. Ibid.
30. Philip Boroff, “Judge Threatens to Put Convicted Dealer Leigh Morse Behind Bars Again,” Artnet News, December 12, 2014, http://news.artnet.com/market/judge-threatens-to-put-convicted-dealer-leigh-morse-behind-bars-again-196276, retrieved December 31, 2014.
31. Grace and Connor, “Tennis Great John McEnroe Helps Nab Art Dealer Lawrence Salander.”
32. Panero, “An Old Master in Ruins.”
33. District Attorney-New York County News Release re: Lawrence B. Salander, District Attorney—New York County, March 26, 2009, retrieved August 6, 2014, http://davideubank.wordpress.com/2009/03/27/big-art-big-theft-the-lawrence-b-salander-indictment/.
34. E-mail from Larry Salander to Maurice Katz, June 14, 2007; MSNBC’s American Greed website, retrieved August 10, 2014, http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/CNBC/Sections/CNBC_TV/CNBC_US/Shows/_Documentaries_Specials/American_Greed/Season_05/Episode_47/Cover/AGS5_E47C1_Salander_Katz_email.pdf.
35. Panero, “An Old Master in Ruins.”
36. Otis, “His Exhibit of Goyas, Pollocks, and Ponzis,” 6.
37. Melissa Grace and Corky Siemaszko, “Art Scammer Gets 6 Yrs. in Slammer,” New York Daily News, August 4, 2010, 12.
38. Philip Boroff and Karen Freifeld, “Distraught Salander, Sentenced to Up to 18 Years, Says Sorry,” Bloomberg, August 4, 2010, retrieved August 10, 2014, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-08-03/art-dealer-salander-gets-up-to-18-years-for-defrauding-investors-clients.html.
39. Thomas Zambito, “Dead Man Walking? Bernie Madoff to Be Sentenced Monday,” New York Daily News, June 29, 2009, retrieved August 10, 2014, http://www.nydailynews.com/news/money/dead-man-walking-bernie-madoff-sentenced-monday-article-1.373462.
40. Helen O’Neill, “Victims of Art Fraud Describe Personal, Financial Toll,” Washington Post, October 24, 2010, E04.
Chapter 4: The Trusting Artist
1. “Remarks by the President Honoring the Recipients of the 2010 Medal of Freedom,” February 15, 2011, White House, Office of the Press Secretary, retrieved July 12, 2014, http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/02/15/remarks-president-honoring-recipients-2010-medal-freedom.
2. Jasper Johns, Flag gallery label text, Museum of Modern Art, retrieved July 12, 2014, http://www.moma.org/collection/object.php?object_id=78805.
3. Museum of Modern Art, MoMA Highlights rev. ed. (New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1999), 232.
4. Anne Umland, Jasper Johns’s Flag, audio program excerpt, MoMA: Collection, 2008, 420, retrieved July 12, 2014, http://www.moma.org/collection/object.php?object_id=78805.
5. Nina Siegal, “Private View,” Artnet, retrieved July 12, 2014, http://www.artnet.com/Magazine/features/siegel/siegal7-30-04.asp.
6. Alanna Martinez, “Sotheby’s to Sell $20M Jasper Johns ‘Flag’ at Fall Contemporary Art Auction,” New York Observer, September 23, 2014, retrieved October 10, 2014, http://observer.com/2014/09/sothebys-to-sell-jasper-johns-flag-at-fall-contemporary-art-auction/.
7. Ibid.
8. Siegal, “Private View.”
9. The story of the crimes against Johns related to Flag, Ramnarine, and other foundries, comes in large measure from his sworn courtroom testimony provided during direct examination in United States v. Brian Ramnarine, S1 12 CR 826 (JGK) (S.D.N.Y. January 23, 2014).
10. Vanessa Hoheb biography, “Bio,” Hands Across Time, n.d., retrieved July 12, 2014, http://www.handsacrosstime.com/bio/.
11. Testimony of Jasper Johns: Ramnarine.
12. The spelling of the collector’s name appears as Sewdutt Harpul in federal court transcripts. However, the Wall Street Journal has reported that this individual’s true name is Sendupt Harpaul.
13. Testimony of Sarah Taggart: Ramnarine.
14. Brendan O’Connor, “Who’s Looking Out For Jasper Johns?” The Awl, April 10, 2014, retrieved October 13, 2014, http://www.theawl.com/2014/04/whos-looking-out-for-jasper-johns.
15. Testimony of Jasper Johns: Ramnarine.
16. Ibid.
17. Michael Findlay, “Authenticity, Connoisseurship and the Art Market,” Lecture, International Seminar on the Authentication of Artworks and the Prevention of Forgery, Figueres, Spain, June 19–21, 2011).
18. Vanita Salisbury, “Kenny Scharf Used to Take Home Turkey Chunks from Work,” New York Magazine, September 11, 2013, retrieved July 12, 2014, http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2013/09/kenny-scharf-21-questions.html.
19. Jim O’Grady, “At Foundry, A ‘Great Artisan,’ Perhaps a Little Too Great,” New York Times, October 27, 2007, sec. 14, 6.
20. Ibid.
21. Testimony of Saint Clair Cemin: Ramnarine, January 22, 2014.
22. Transcript of decision by Judge John G. Koeltl: Ramnarine, January 14, 2014.
23. Testimony of Saint Clair Cemin: Ramnarine.
24. Ibid.
25. Robert Brodsky, “Phony Sculptor Cuts a Plea,” Queens Chronicle, March 6, 2003, retrieved July 10, 2014, http://www.qchron.com/editions/central/phony-sculptor-cuts-a-plea-brian-ramnarine-avoids-prison-will/article_2a3a9b4c-73ab-5982-b23b-211338d233b8.htmlq.
26. O’Grady, “At Foundry, a ‘Great Artisan.’”
27. Indictment: Ramnarine, November 14, 2012.
28. Sentencing Submission by United States as to Brian Ramnarine, June 24, 2014: Ramnarine, November 14, 2012.
29. Ibid.
30. Matthew Rose, “James Meyer’s Ironic Pentameter: A Sunny Massacre of Innocence,” James A. Meyer website, n.d., retrieved July 15, 2014, http://www.jamesmeyerart.com/matthew_rose_interview.html.
31. Ibid.
32. Patricia Cohen, “Jasper Johns Assistant Charged with Stealing the Artist’s Work,” New York Times, August 15, 2013, retrieved July 15, 2014, http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/08/15/jasper-johns-assistant-charged-with-stealing-the-artists-work/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0.
33. “Group Shows and Collections,” James A. Meyer website, retrieved July 15, 2014, http://www.jamesmeyerart.com/shows_and_collections.html.
34. Rose, “James Meyer’s Ironic Pentameter.”
35. Calvin Tomkins, Lives of the Artists (New York: Henry Holt, 2008), 183.
36. Rose, “James Meyer’s Ironic Pentameter.”
37. U.S. Attorney’s Office, Southern District of New York and FBI New York Press Office, “Former Studio Assistant to Jasper Johns Charged in Manhattan Federal Court in $6.5 Million Scheme to Sell Stolen Johns Works,” Federal Bureau of Investigation website, August 15, 2013, retrieved July 15, 2014, http://www.fbi.gov/newyork/press-releases/2013/former-studio-assistant-to-jasper-johns-charged-in-manhattan-federal-court-in-6.5-million-scheme-to-sell-stolen-johns-works.
38. Jennifer Maloney, “Jasper Johns’s Assistant Pleads Guilty to Art Theft,” Wall Street Journal, August 27, 2014, http://www.wsj.com/articles/jasper-johnss-assistant-james-meyer-pleads-guilty-to-art-theft-1409177522; retrieved December 31, 2014.
39. Civil Complaint: Kolodny v. Meyer et al., 14 CV 3354 (S.D.N.Y. May 8, 2014). As of the date of publication, the civil suit Frank Kolodny v. James Meyer, Fred Dorfman, and Dorfman Projects LLC (May 2014) was still pending in federal court.
40. Civil Complaint: Kolodny.
41. “Exhibitions: Jasper Johns: Regrets,” Museum of Modern Art website, March 15, 2014, retrieved July 18, 2014, http://www.moma.org/visit/calendar/exhibitions/1463.
42. Julie L. Belcove, “Regrets Belong to Everybody, Don’t They?” FT Magazine, February 14, 2014, retrieved July 18, 2014, http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/65e763c8-9444-11e3-a0e1-00144feab7de.html#axzz37qYR51ZX.
Chapter 5: The Inheritor
1. Sally M. Promey, “John Singer Sargent’s Triumph of Religion at the Boston Public Library,” Art and Architecture—Descriptions, retrieved on September 27, 2013, http://www.bpl.org/central/sargenttriumph.htm.
2. “The Murals,” n.d., Boston Public Library website, retrieved October 16, 2013, http://www.sargentmurals.bpl.org/white_site/murals/04_legacy.html.
3. “Description and Inspiration,” Boston Public Library website, retrieved October 18, 2013, http://www.sargentmurals.bpl.org/white_site/murals/03_description.html.
4. “Description and Inspiration,” Boston Public Library website, retrieved October 18, 2013, http://www.sargentmurals.bpl.org/white_site/murals/10_description.html.
5. Narayan Khandekar, Gianfranco Pocobene, and Kate Smith, John Singer Sargent’s Triumph of Religion at the Boston Public Library: Creation and Restoration (Cambridge: Harvard Art Museum, 2009), 39.
6. “Marouflage Technique” and “Installation,” Boston Public Library website, retrieved October 16, 2013, http://www.sargentmurals.bpl.org/white_site/restoration/03_tech.html, http://www.sargentmurals.bpl.org/white_site/restoration/04_tech.html, and http://www.sargentmurals.bpl.org/white_site/restoration/05_tech.html.
7. Khandekar, Pocobene, and Smith, John Singer Sargent’s Triumph of Religion.
8. Douglass Shand-Tucci, The Crimson Letter: Harvard, Homosexuality, and the Shaping of American Culture (New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 2004), 126.
9. Ibid.
10. “Crime Alert,” n.d., Los Angeles Police Department, City of Los Angeles: Vilas V. Likhite, Fraud and Fake Art Sales, retrieved October 8, 2013, http://www.docstoc.com/docs/109659265/Vilas-V-Likhite-Fraud-and-Fake-Art-Sales.
11. Jeanne Schinto, “The Artful Dodger,” Boston Magazine, June 2005, http://www.bostonmagazine.com/2006/05/the-artful-dodger/print/.
12. “Crime Alert.”
13. Arthur Hughes, excerpt from chronology, Cape Cod Artists’ Registry website, retrieved October 8, 2013, http://www.capecodartistsregistry.com/ccar_%20web_pages/littlefield_william.html.
14. Interview with a law enforcement source, October 2013.
15. “Crime Alert.”
16. “The Art of Fraud,” American Greed, CNBC, season 2, episode 10, original airdate February 20, 2008.
17. Kevin Duffy, “Picasso Drawing Called Fake, But Lawsuit Real,” Atlanta Journal-Constitution, May 22, 2007, 1D.
18. Daniel Grant, “Suit Filed over Picasso Drawing,” Maine Antique Digest, March 2006, retrieved October 7, 2013, http://www.mtllp.com/index/suit-filed-over-picasso-drawing.
19. Danielle Rahm, “Lack of Authenticating Expert Renders Valuable Artwork Practically Worthless,” Forbes, May 16, 2013, retrieved October 7, 2013, http://www.forbes.com/sites/daniellerahm/2013/05/16/lack-of-authenticating-expert-renders-valuable-artwork-practically-worthless/.
20. Affidavit, United States v. Luigi Cugini, 10-MJ-08215, U.S. District Court (S.D. of FLA, August 19, 2010).
21. Motion for Return of Seized Property: Cugini v. United States, 10-80122 CR Ryskamp, September 21, 2012.
22. Ibid.
23. Order Denying as Moot Motion for Return of Seized Property: USA v. Cugini, 10-80122 CR Ryskamp, October 2, 2012.
24. Motion for the Termination of Supervised Release: Cugini v. USA. 10-80122 CR Ryskamp/Hopkins, September 5, 2013.
Chapter 6: The Captor
1. Hillarie M. Sheets, “Parting With the Family Van Gogh,” New York Times, April 22, 2006, retrieved May 4, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/22/arts/design/22gogh.html?pagewanted=print&_r=0.
2. John Steinert, “The Impassioned Reader: Literature in the Life and Art of Vincent Van Gogh,” as posted in the “Lot Notes” from the sale and purchase of L’Arlésienne, Madame Ginoux, retrieved May 4, 2014, http://www.christies.com/lotFinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=4701806.
3. Sheets, “Parting With the Family Van Gogh.”
4. Gretchen Voss, “The Lost Cezanne,” Town & Country, June/July 2011, 124.
5. D. H. Lawrence, Art and the Dread of the Instincts, in The Nature of Art, eds. John Gassner and Sidney Thomas (New York: Crown Publishers, 1964) 92, as abstracted from “Introduction to His Paintings,” published in Phoenix (New York: Viking Press, 1936).
6. Joyce Medina, Cezanne and Modernism: The Poetics of Painting (New York: State University of New York, 1985), 83.
7. From Unclassified FBI File on the investigation into the art theft at the Bakwin residence, #87-BS-96614, Section 1 (982185), obtained from FBI archives via Freedom of Information Act.
8. Direct examination of Michael Bakwin: United States v. Robert Mardirosian, 07-10075-MLW, U.S. District Court of Massachusetts, September 8, 2008, page 60.
9. Ibid., page 59.
10. Sabine C. Hirschauer, “The Lost Art of Crime,” Daily Press (Virginia), March 8, 2006, A4.
11. From Unclassified FBI File 87-BS-96614, Section 1 (982185).
12. Commonwealth v. Brian K. Matchett, 386 Mass. 492. October 6, 1981–June 14, 1982, Berkshire County, 493–497.
13. “Artist Bio: Romard,” Royal Gallery, n.d., retrieved May 5, 2014, http://www.royalgalleryri.com/content/artist-bio-romard.
14. Commonwealth v. David Garabedian, 399 Mass. 304. September 10, 1986–February 25, 1987, Middlesex County; Associated Press, “Jurors Reject Pesticide Defense in Woman’s Death,” Santa Cruz Sentinel, February 8, 1984. Page 52.
15. “Art Theft,” Federal Bureau of Investigation website, retrieved May 17, 2014, http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/investigate/vc_majorthefts/arttheft.
16. Direct examination of Julian Radcliffe: Mardirosian.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Direct examination of Michael Bakwin: Mardirosian, August 12, 2008.
22. Michel Strauss, Pictures, Passions and Eye: A Life at Sotheby’s (London: Halban Publishers, 2011), eBook, Chapter 15.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid.
26. Cross-examination of Michael Bakwin: Mardirosian, August 12, 2008; affidavit of Michael Bakwin: Mardirosian.
27. Direct examination of Julian Radcliffe: Mardirosian.
28. Indictment: Mardirosian.
29. Voss, “ Lost Cezanne,” 127, 152.
30. Affidavit of Geoffrey J. Kelly, Special Agent, Federal Bureau of Investigation, May 4, 2006 in Mardirosian.
31. Geoffrey Kelly, e-mail interview, August 18, 2014.
32. Jonathan Mitchell, interview, May 12, 2014, New Bedford, Massachusetts.
33. Ibid.
34. “Falmouth Police Seek Suspect after Drugs, Guns Seized,” Cape Cod Today, February 9, 2007, retrieved June 7, 2014, http://www.capecodtoday.com/article/2007/02/09/14300-bus-crash-suspect-sought-after-drugs-firearms-seized-overturned-car-prompts.
35. Ryan DiSantis, e-mail interview, September 22, 2014.
36. Mitchell, interview.
37. DiSantis, e-mail interview.
38. Voss, “Lost Cezanne,” 152.
39. Kelly, e-mail interview.
Chapter 7: The Double Dealer
1. Multiple attempts to contact Ely Sakhai for an interview for this book were made through his social media profiles to no avail.
2. Barry Fitzgerald and Caroline Overington, “Strait Man Paints Dubious Oil Picture,” Sydney Morning Herald (Australia), December 1, 2004, Business section, 23.
3. “ICE Returns Painting Stolen during Holocaust,” press release, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, December 1, 2009, retrieved August 21, 2014, ice.gov/news/releases/0912/091201brussels.htm.
4. Christie’s Lot Notes, “Sale 2864, Lot 69, Anto Carte,” Impressionist and Modern Art sale, Christie’s, May 24, 2011, retrieved August 25, 2014, http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/paintings/anto-carte-nude-5434675-details.aspx.
5. Noah Lederman, “Undercover Avenger,” Jerusalem Post, July 9, 2010, retrieved August 26, 2014, http://www.jpost.com/Features/Magazine-Features/Undercover-avenger.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Christopher Marinello, e-mail interview, September 30, 2014.
9. “The Art of Double Dealing,” Masterminds, truTV, episode 51, original airdate September 29, 2007.
10. Michael Day, “Modigliani ‘Expert’ Accused of Being Art’s Biggest Fraud,” The Independent, January 23, 2013, retrieved August 28, 2014, http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/modigliani-expert-accused-of-being-arts-biggest-fraud-8463883.html.
11. “Christian Parisot Arrested: Modigliani Institute President Involved in Forgery Investigation,” The Huffington Post, January 14, 2013, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/14/modigliani-institute-president-christian-parisot-arrested-in-forgery-investigation_n_2472622.html; retrieved December 31, 2014. Parisot has an appeal pending from this conviction.
12. “The Art of Double Dealing,” Masterminds.
13. Jane A. Levine, “Case Study of Federal Criminal Investigation and Prosecution Involving Art Forgery,” paper presented to ABA Panel, “Fakes & Forgeries: Problems for the International Trade in Art Works,” April 6, 2006, 4, http://apps.americanbar.org/intlaw/calendar/spring2006/papers/Levine_221.pdf.
14. “The Art of Double Dealing,” Masterminds.
15. Clive Thompson, “How to Make a Fake,” New York Magazine, n.d., retrieved August 30, 2014, http://nymag.com/nymetro/arts/features/9179/.
16. “The Art of Double Dealing,” Masterminds.
17. Ibid.
18. Robert Mendick, “I Churn out Lowrys to Sell on eBay for Thousands, Amateur Artist Admits,” Telegraph, July 6, 2014, retrieved October 4, 2014, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/10948800/I-churn-out-fake-Lowrys-to-sell-on-eBay-for-thousands-amateur-artist-admits.html.
19. Memorandum Order: Takeuchi v. Sakhai, 05 Civ. 6925 (JSR), at 2 (S.D.N.Y., January 16, 2006).
20. Affidavit in Support of Motion for Summary Judgment: Takeuchi v. Sakhai, 05 CIV 6925 (JSR) at 2 (S.D.N.Y., January 16, 2006).
21. Ibid. Author’s note: Corrections to the ellipses have been made to this excerpt, as the original document uses six dots rather than the standard three.
22. Ibid.
23. Memorandum Order: Takeuchi.
24. Ibid.
25. Levine, “Case Study of Federal Criminal Investigation and Prosecution Involving Art Forgery,” 5.
26. Sylvie Crussard, e-mail interview, September 8, 2014.
27. Ibid.
28. Thompson, “How to Make a Fake.”
29. Will Bennett, “Two Versions of Gauguin Work on Sale at Same Time,” Telegraph, March 12, 2004, retrieved September 7, 2014, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/1456587/Two-versions-of-Gauguin-work-on-sale-at-same-time.html.
30. “The Art of Double Dealing,” Masterminds.
31. Ibid.
32. Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held November 12, 2004, Australian-Canadian Oil Royalties Ltd., retrieved September 14, 2014, http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1061288/000106128804000005/proxy_statement.txt.
33. Levine, “Case Study of Federal Criminal Investigation and Prosecution Involving Art Forgery,” Page 5.
Chapter 8: The Bait and Switch
1. Gabrielle Schickler, “Faberge and Forbes: A History of Collecting,” Forbes, January 8, 2004, retrieved July 21, 2014, http://www.forbes.com/2004/01/08/cz_gs_0108fabergehistory.html.
2. Arthur Lubow, “Malcolm Forbes,” People, July 19, 1982, retrieved July 20, 2014, http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,20082678,00.html.
3. David Hay, “Jacks of All Trades,” Elements of Style Living, December 2005, retrieved July 20, 2014, http://www.apelocruz.com/in-media.html.
4. The description of Cruz’s involvement in Khan’s scheme comes from the Federal Sentencing Memorandum: United States v. Tatiana Khan, CR-10-00152-R (C.D. Cal.)
5. Defendant Tatiana Khan’s Objection to the Pre-sentence Report and Sentencing Position Paper: Khan. October 4, 2010.
6. Throughout the documents outlining the criminal investigation and court proceedings related to Khan, the identities of her victims were protected and typically referred to as “J.K.” and “V.S.” In the affidavit of FBI special agent Linda English, the names “Jack” and “Vic” are referenced as clients of Khan’s; hence, the use of these names to identify these individuals.
7. Khan, op. cit. Subsequent unattributed quotes are from this source.
8. Government’s Revised Combined: (1) Response to Defendant’s Objections to the Pre-sentence Report; and (2) Position re Sentencing; Declaration of Ranee A. Katzenstein; Exhibits: Khan.
9. Enrique Mallen, ed. On-line Picasso Project, Sam Houston State University, retrieved 2014, https://picasso.shsu.edu/.
10. Enrique Mallen, director and editor of On-line Picasso Project, e-mail interview, July 28, 2014.
11. Ibid.
12. Affidavit of FBI Special Agent Linda English: Khan.
13. Ibid.
14. Mallen, e-mail interview.
15. Mallen, On-line Picasso Project.
16. George Stolz, “Authenticating Picasso,” ARTnews, January 2, 2013, retrieved July 27, 2014, http://www.artnews.com/2013/01/02/authenticating-picasso/.
17. Ibid.
18. Rob Cooper, “Picasso Is the Most Often Stolen Artist in the World with More Than 1,000 Pieces of His Work Missing,” Daily Mail, January 27, 2012, retrieved July 27, 2014, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2092698/Pablo-Picasso-stolen-artist-world-1k-pieces-work-missing.html.
19. For an excellent telling of Picasso as a suspect in the theft of the Mona Lisa, see R. A. Scotti’s Vanished Smile: The Mysterious Theft of Mona Lisa.
20. Joshua Knelman, Hot Art: Chasing Thieves and Detectives Through the Secret World of Stolen Art (Canada: Douglas &McIntyre, 2011), 10–11.
21. Linda English, interview with author, August 29, 2014.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid.
28. “West Hollywood Antiques Dealer Faces Charges of Selling Fake Picasso Drawing for $2 Million,” press release no. 10-003, U.S. Attorney’s Office, Central District of California, January 8, 2010, http://www.justice.gov/usao/cac/Pressroom/pr2010/003.html.
29. Defendant Tatiana Khan’s Objections to the Pre-sentence Report and Sentencing Position Paper: Khan, October 4, 2010.
30. Mark Mermelstein, Mary Kelly Persyn, and Harry J. Moren, “Strategic Remedies for Cybercrime Victims,” Journal of Internet Law 16, no. 12 (June 2013): 24, retrieved from Orrick Law Firm website, July 26, 2014, http://www.orrick.com/Events-and-Publications/Documents/Strategic-Remedies-For-Cybercrime-Victims.pdf.
Chapter 9: The Printmaker
1. Michael Granberry, “Celebrate Chagall at Passover,” Art Notes, Dallas Morning News, March 24, 2013, Arts & Life section, E04.
2. “Pope Francis: 20 Things You Didn’t Know,” Telegraph, March 14, 2013, retrieved July 31, 2014, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/orldnews/the-pope/9931413/Pope-Francis-20-things-you-didnt-know.html.
3. Marc Chagall, My Life, trans. Elisabeth Abbott (Boston: Da Capo Press, 1994), 17.
4. Benjamin Harshav, Marc Chagall and His Times (Redwood City, CA: Stanford University Press, 2003), 827.
5. Christie’s Auction Results, Sale 2475, Lot 20, 25-26 October 2011, New York, Rockefeller Plaza, retrieved July 31, 2014, http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/prints-multiples/marc-chagall-the-story-of-exodus-leon-5488965-details.aspx.
6. Hillel Levin, “Confessions of Art Fraud King Michael Zabrin,” Chicago, October 25, 2011, retrieved August 2, 2014, http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/November-2011/Confessions-of-Art-Fraud-King-Michael-Zabrin/.
7. Decision, United States v. Hilda Amiel et al, Nos. 1021, 1022 and 751, U.S. Court of Appeals, (2nd Cir., September 5, 1996).
8. Lee Catterall, The Great Dalí Art Fraud and Other Deceptions (Fort Lee, NJ: Barricade Books, 1992), 343–44.
9. Definitions of the three categories of lithographs and serigraphs are derived from United States v. Donald Austin, no. 94-2541 (7th Cir. May 5, 1995).
10. Selwyn Raab, “Fighting Fake Art: Victims’ Shame and Muddled Law; Where the Art Is Selling,” Metropolitan Desk, New York Times, July 23, 1987, B1.
11. Francis X. Clines, “Van Gogh Sets Auction Record: $39.9 Million,” New York Times, March 31, 1987, retrieved August 2, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/31/arts/van-gogh-sets-auction-record-39.9-million.html.
12. Raab, “Fighting Fake Art.”
13. Douglas C. McGill, “Fake Art Prints: Big Business Getting Bigger,” Metropolitan Desk, New York Times, July 22, 1987, A1.
14. Ibid.
15. Mary Abbe Martin, “Art Experts Flummoxed by Fake Salvador Dalí Prints,” Telegraph, August 13, 1987, 29.
16. Ibid.
17. McGill, “Fake Art Prints.”
18. United States v. Hilda Amiel et al., nos. 1021, 1022, and 751, dockets 95-1286, 95-1287, and 95-1288 (2nd. Cir. September 5, 1996).
19. The details and the quotes about the fraud perpetrated by the Amiels under Hilda, Kathryn, Joanne, and Sarina are derived from the evidence presented at trial as set forth in Amiel.
20. Kniebihler’s testimony as described in judges’ decision in Amiel.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid.
23. Catterall, The Great Dalí Art Fraud and Other Deceptions, 353.
24. Robert E. Kessler, “The Artful Dodgers? 4 Arrested in Huge Counterfeit Print Ring in Island Park,” Newsday (New York), January 31, 1992, 5.
25. United Press International, “Government Investigating Fake Art Chain,” Washington News, January 30, 1992.
26. Susan Cohen, “The Art of the Bogus,” Washington Post Magazine, July 18, 1993, W18.
27. Charles Storch, “Foiled by Fakes: Donald Austin’s Trial Showed that as a Dealer in Forged Art Prints, He Was a Pretty Good Ex-Barber,” Tempo, Chicago Tribune, November 1, 1993, C1.
28. Ibid.
29. Terry Pristin, “Claremont Man Charged with Forging Artwork,” Metro, Los Angeles Times, August 5, 1989, 1.
30. Levin, “Confessions of Art Fraud King Michael Zabrin.”
31. Catterall, The Great Dalí Art Fraud and Other Deceptions, 346–47.
32. Ibid., 354–57.
33. Levin, “Confessions of Art Fraud King Michael Zabrin.”
34. Ibid.
35. Details of the crimes for which Zabrin, Amiel Jr., and the others were convicted are from Michael Zabrin’s Sentencing Memorandum and Government’s Response to Defendant’s Sentencing Memorandum: United States v. Michael Zabrin, 07 CR 521-5 (N.D. Ill., East. Div.); and Superseding Indictment: United States v. James Kennedy and Leon Amiel, Jr., 08 CR 009 (N.D. Ill., East. Div.)
36. Government’s Response to Defendant’s Sentencing Memorandum: Zabrin, 4.
37. Ibid.
38. “Selling Fake Art Gets Man Two Years,” Chicago Tribune, June 16, 2011, 6.
Chapter 10: The Telescam
1. “About Us,” Fine Art Treasures website, retrieved August 5, 2014, www.finearttreasures.net/about_us.htm, from https://web.archive.org/web/20070625054821/http://finearttreasures.net/.
2. Ibid.
3. Daniel Grant, “Ink-Jet Art Runs Gamut from Low Brow to High Class,” Baltimore Sun, January 25, 1999, retrieved August 11, 2014, http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1999-01-25/entertainment/9901250193_1_giclee-ink-jet-prints-jet-printer.
4. John O’Brien, “About,” website, n.d., retrieved August 11, 2014, http://www.johnobrienartist.com/pages/about.html.
5. “Fine Arts Treasury Gallery,” American Greed, CNBC, season 6, episode 8, original airdate March 14, 2012.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. J. Michael Kennedy, “Not a Pretty Picture: Lured By Hopes of Riches from A New Reproduction Process, Artists Say They Were Scammed When Unauthorized Copies Flooded the Market,” Los Angeles Times, January 18, 2007, A1.
9. Park West Gallery Website, “Art Auctions,” http://www.parkwestgallery.com/art-auctions.
10. Jori Finkel, “Art Auctions on Cruise Ships Lead to Anger, Accusations and Lawsuits,” New York Times, July 16, 2008, retrieved August 13, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/16/arts/design/16crui.html?ref=opinion.
11. Albert Scaglione, “Auctions in the Art World,” letter to the editor, New York Times, August 9, 2008, retrieved August 13, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/10/opinion/l10auction.html?_r=1&oref=slogin.
12. Paul Motter, “Guide to Cruise Ship Art Auctions,” Fox News, September 27, 2013, retrieved August 13, 2014, http://www.foxnews.com/travel/2013/09/27/guide-to-cruise-ship-art-auctions/.
13. Kelly Cramer, “The Art of Piracy,” Broward Palm Beach New Times, November 9, 2006, retrieved August 13, 2014, http://www.browardpalmbeach.com/2006-11-09/news/the-art-of-piracy/full/.
14. Wendy Thomas Russell, “Cruise Line Lawsuit Takes Attorney into Uncharted Waters,” Daily News, April 13, 2008, retrieved February 2, 2015, http://www.thefreelibrary.com/CRUISE+LINE+LAWSUIT+TAKES+ATTORNEY+INTO+UNCHARTED+WATERS+LEGAL%3A . . . -a0177971849.
15. Ibid.
16. Kennedy, “Not a Pretty Picture.”
17. “Fine Arts Treasury Gallery,” American Greed.
18. Ibid.
19. U.S. Attorney’s Office, Central District of California, Press Release, “La Canada Woman Sentenced to Seven Years in Prison for Selling Millions of Dollars of Fake Art through Nationwide TV Art Auction Program,” April 6, 2010.
20. The story of Myron and Mary Temchin comes from a signed document prepared by the pair as part of their report of the fraud, “Fraud in Advertising and Selling Fine Art on Television Report by Myron and Mary Temchin from Memory 12/8/05,” CNBC, retrieved August 13, 2014, http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/CNBC/Sections/CNBC_TV/CNBC_US/Shows/_Documentaries_Specials/American_Greed/Season_06/Episode_57/Cover/SKMBT_C45212021009480.pdf, and from “Fine Arts Treasury Gallery,” American Greed.
21. “Fine Arts Treasury Gallery,” American Greed.
22. “Fraud in Advertising and Selling Fine Art on Television.”
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. Visual Arts and the Law 11th Annual Conference, registration pamphlet, faculty listing, retrieved August 13, 2014, http://www.cle.com/upcoming/PDFs/SFOART09.pdf.
26. “Fine Arts Treasury Gallery,” American Greed.
27. Ibid.
28. Declarations of Justin Lundberg and William H. Woodard: Fine Art Network, Inc. v. James Mobley et al., case no. LC073854, Superior Court of the State of California, County of Los Angeles, Northwest District.
29. Declaration of Thomas E. Keith: Charlene Mitchell v. Kristine Eubanks et al., case no. EDCV 06-48 RSWL(FMOx) (C.D. Cal.).
30. “Fine Arts Treasury Gallery,” American Greed; “Web Extras, Forged Certificates,” retrieved February 2, 2015, http://video.cnbc.com/gallery/?video=3000078145.
31. Ibid.
32. United States v. Kristine Eubanks, CR No. 07-00154 (C.D. Cal.).
33. Kennedy, “Not a Pretty Picture.”
34. “Fine Arts Treasury Gallery,” American Greed.
35. U.S. Attorney’s Office, Central District of California, “La Canada Woman Sentenced to Seven Years in Prison.”
36. Cramer, “The Art of Piracy.”
37. “Fine Arts Treasury Gallery,” American Greed.
Chapter 11: The Internet
1. Lauren Indvik, “Forrester: U.S. Online Retail Sales to Hit $370 Billion by 2017,” Mashable.com, March 12, 2013, retrieved September 14, 2014, http://mashable.com/2013/03/12/forrester-u-s-ecommerce-forecast-2017/.
2. “Number of Internet Users Worldwide Approaching 3 Billion,” VOA News, May 6, 2014, retrieved September 14, 2014, http://www.voanews.com/content/number-of-internet-users-worldwide-approaching-3-billion/1908968.html.
3. Ryan Moore, eBay’s lead manager for business communication, e-mail interview, September 28, 2014.
4. eBay auction for Ferrari F12 Berlinetta, retrieved September 14, 2014, http://www.ebay.com/itm/Ferrari-Other-F12berlinetta-F12-Berlinetta-Tailor-Made-Matte-Alcantara-High-Grip-Carbon-Fiber-LED-/181508686346?forcerrptr=true&hash=item2a42c2c20a&item=181508686346&pt=US_Cars_Trucks.
5. eBay auction, Canada art 1875 historical RCMP oil painting, retrieved September 14, 2014, http://www.ebay.com/itm/CANADA-ART-1875-HISTORICAL-RCMP-OIL-PAINTING-D-C-GROSE-AMERICAN-CANADIAN-INDIAN-/290507191333?pt=Art_Paintings&hash=item43a393f425.
6. eBay auction, The Evangelist Matthew oil painting, retrieved September 14, 2014, http://www.ebay.com/itm/The-Evangelist-Matthew-Oil-painting-attributed-to-Rembrandt-van-Rijn-/171358701959?pt=Art_Paintings&hash=item27e5c64987.
7. Search conducted on September 15, 2014, at 2034 hours EST.
8. “L. S. Lowry—His Life and Career,” The Lowry, retrieved September 15, 2014, http://www.thelowry.com/ls-lowry/his-life-and-work/.
9. Robert Mendick and Claire Duffin, “Rogue’s Gallery of Fake Art on eBay,” Telegraph, June 29, 2014, retrieved September 16, 2014, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/10933016/Rogues-gallery-of-fake-art-on-eBay.html; Neil Atkinson, “Fake Ashley Jackson Pictures Offered for Sale on eBay,” Huddersfield Daily Examiner, June 30, 2014, retrieved September 15, 2014, http://www.examiner.co.uk/news/west-yorkshire-news/fake-ashley-jackson-pictures-offered-7347378.
10. Robert Mendick, “I Churn Out Fake Lowrys to Sell on eBay for Thousands, Amateur Artist Admits,” Telegraph, July 6, 2014, retrieved September 16, 2014, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/10948800/I-churn-out-fake-Lowrys-to-sell-on-eBay-for-thousands-amateur-artist-admits.html.
11. Atkinson, “Fake Ashley Jackson Pictures Offered for Sale on eBay.”
12. Details of the criminal scheme of Michael Little come from the Complaint of Violation in United States v. Michael Little, no. MJ13-211 (W.D. Wash. April 23, 2013).
13. Complaint: United States v. Michael Little, MJ 13 211 (W.D.W.S April 23, 2013).
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
16. Levi Pulkkinen, “Dealer of Chihuly Fakes Sentenced,” Seattle Post-Intelligencer, November 20, 2013, retrieved September 22, 2014, http://www.seattlepi.com/local/article/Dealer-of-Chihuly-fakes-sentenced-4994503.php.
17. U.S. Attorney’s Office, Western District of Washington, Press Release, “Renton Man Who Sold Fake Dale Chihuly Art Online Sentenced to Five Months in Prison for Wire Fraud,” November 20, 2013.
18. Sealed Complaint: United States v. John Re, 14 MAG 1391 (S.D.N.Y. June 19, 2014).
19. Chary Southmayd, “USS Deep Quest & John Re,” John Re—NY Art Expert (blog), April 28, 2009, retrieved September 20, 2014, http://sentient123.wordpress.com/.
20. Jennifer Gould Keil, “Painter Charged with Making Fake Jackson Pollock Paintings,” New York Post, July 1, 2014, retrieved September 20, 2014, http://nypost.com/2014/07/01/painter-charged-with-making-fake-jackson-pollock-paintings/.
21. “John Re Art Connaisseur [sic],” blog entry, nicolehadley.wordpress.com, May 9, 2009, retrieved September 20, 2014.
22. Sealed Complaint: United States v. John Re, 14 MAG 1391 (S.D.N.Y. June 19, 2014)
23. Information related to the Sedona affidavit is from the Sealed Complaint: Re.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid.
30. Ibid.
31. Ibid.
32. Ibid.
33. “Other Terms,” eBay Help, n.d., retrieved September 21, 2014, http://pages.ebay.com/help/buy/bidding-overview.html.
34. “What Are the Guidelines?” eBay Authenticity Disclaimers, n.d., retrieved September 21, 2014, http://pages.ebay.com/help/policies/authenticity-disclaimers.html.
35. “California Bar Journal Discipline Summaries: Kenneth Andrew Walton,” State Bar of California, February 8, 2002, retrieved September 15, 2014, http://members.calbar.ca.gov/fal/Member/Detail/192272.
36. Ibid.
37. Judith H. Dobrzynski, “Online Bid Soars to $135,805, Provenance Not Guaranteed,” New York Times, May 9, 2000, retrieved September 21, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/09/business/online-bid-soars-to-135805-provenance-not-guaranteed.html.
38. “California Bar Journal Discipline Summaries: Kenneth Andrew Walton.”
39. Dobrzynski, “Online Bid Soars to $135,805, Provenance Not Guaranteed.”
40. Judith H. Dobrzynski, “FBI Opens Investigation of eBay Bids,” New York Times, June 7, 2000, retrieved September 21, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/07/business/fbi-opens-investigation-of-ebay-bids.html.
41. Dan Glaister, “A Brush with the Law,” Guardian, August 1, 2006, retrieved September 21, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2006/aug/02/art.crime.
42. R. V. Scheide, “Prisoner of Love,” newsreview.com, April 25, 2002, retrieved September 15, 2014, http://www.newsreview.com/reno/prison-of-love/content?oid=17922.
43. Glaister, “A Brush with the Law.”
44. “The Internet Crime Complaint Center Receives 3 Millionth Complaint,” press release, Internet Crime Complaint Center, May 19, 2014, retrieved July 20, 2014, http://www.ic3.gov/media/2014/140519.aspx.
45. Lizzie Crocker, “Why eBay Is an Art Forger’s Paradise,” Beaststyle, Daily Beast, August 18, 2014, retrieved September 22, 2014, http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/08/19/why-ebay-is-an-art-forgers-paradise.html.
46. Moore, e-mail interview.
47. Crocker, “Why eBay Is an Art Forger’s Paradise.”
48. Moore, e-mail interview.
49. “More Resources—Law Enforcement,” eBay, n.d., retrieved September 22, 2014, http://pages.ebay.com/SECURITYCENTER/LawEnforcementCenter.html.
Epilogue
1. “Russian Art Expert to Remain under House Arrest in Divisive Fraud Case,” Russian Legal Information Agency, September 16, 2014, retrieved October 14, 2014, http://rapsinews.com/news/20140916/272120006.html.
2. “Fake Picasso Anyone? Austrian Police Search for Fraud Victims,” Reuters, September 16, 2014, retrieved October 14, 2014, http://af.reuters.com/article/oddlyEnoughNews/idAFKBN0HB1K220140916.
3. Pia Akerman, “Legal Groups Urged to Join Seizure Challenge in ‘Art Fraud’ Case,” The Australian, September 29, 2014, retrieved October 14, 2014, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/legal-affairs/legal-groups-urged-to-join-seizure-challenge-in-art-fraud-case/story-e6frg97x-1227073249704?nk=c89ef30e01c4075216d01ed476c3a6ae.
4. Amanda Williams, “Secret Work of a Master Forger: Sketches of Artist Who Duped Dealers and Galleries for Decades to Be Auctioned,” Daily Mail Online, October 14, 2014, retrieved October 14, 2014, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2792288/secret-work-master-forger-sketches-artist-duped-dealers-galleries-decades-auctioned.html.
5. Kurt Bayer, “Art Forger’s Masterpiece in City Sale,” New Zealand Herald, October 4, 2014, retrieved October 14, 2014, http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11336716.
6. Hendrik Hansson, “International Art Forgery Ringleaders Charged,” Artnet News, September 16, 2014, retrieved October 14, 2014, http://news.artnet.com/in-brief/international-art-forgery-ringleaders-charged-103625.