INDEX

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Aachener Nachrichten

Abel, Gudrun (née Steinbrück)

Abel, Gustav

Abel, Herta (née Freese)

Abel, Ulrich: childhood and education; early career; marriage and family life; naval service prior to U-154; first mission under Kusch; evaluation by Kusch; second mission; political views; Nazi party membership; in Hamburg Firestorm; report and testimony against Kusch; C.O. training and assignment to U-193; death

Abitur

Abwehr

Africa Corps

air force, German. See Luftwaffe

air raids

aircraft, Allied

aircraft, German

Albania

Albert Leo Schlageter (Germany)

Albrecht, Traugott

Algiers

Allied Control Council Directive No.10

Allied control officers

Allies

Alps

Altenholz

Alter, Henry C.

Amazon River

America. See United States

Ancona (Italy)

Angers (France)

Anglo-German Naval Agreement (1935)

Anjou

Anklam

Anschluss

anti-Semitism. See Jews

Antwerp

Aquitaine

Arctic Ocean

Ariernachweis

army, German. See Wehrmacht

Ascension Island

Atlantic. See also Arctic Ocean; Caribbean; Central Atlantic; Gulf of Mexico; North Atlantic; South Atlantic

Atlantic, Battle of the

Atlantis (Germany)

Auckland

Aumühle

Australia

Austria

Axis

Azores

Backschafter

Bad Segeberg

Baden-Württemberg

Bahia

Balkans

Baltic Command

Baltic Provinces

Baltic Sea

Barbarossa, Operation

Barcelona

Barents Sea

Bartelsen, Hermann

Bavaria

BDM (Bund Deutscher Mädel)

Belém

Belgium

Bergen

Berger, Dieter

Berlin; Charlottenburg; Dahlem; Gatow; Lichterfelde; Schöneberg; Spandau; Steglitz

Berlin, Operation

Berlin Blockade

Bermuda

Beyersdorff, Hans

Bielig, Gerhard

Billefjord

Bird, Keith

Biscay, Bay of

“Biscay Cross”

Bismarck (Germany)

“Black May” (1943)

Black Sea

Blätter für die Kunst

Bletchley Park

Blexen-Nordenham

Bloebaum, Dr.

Bonaparte, Joseph

Bonn

Bordeaux

Bordgericht. See court-martial

Boulogne

Brandenburg

Brazil

Breinig, Hans-Egon

Bremen (city)

Bremen (Germany)

Bremerhaven

Brenner Pass (Alps)

Brest

Britain, Battle of

Britain/British. See Great Britain

British Zeal (Britain)

Brittany

Brummer (German)

Buchheim, Lothar-Günther

Bund Deutscher Offiziere

Bundesmarine (West German Navy)

bündisch youth movement

Bündische Jugend. See bündisch youth movement; Südlegion

“Burk, Oskar” (pseud. Oskar Kusch)

Bürkner, Leopold

Byng

Cabo Sao Roque

California

“Camp Lemp” (Lorient)

Canada

Canaris, Wilhelm

Canary Islands

Cape Finisterre (Spain)

Cape Horn

Cape Town

Cape Verde

Cardinal Gibbons (U.S.)

Caribbean

Carossa, Hans

Casablanca

Catalina. See PBY-5 (Consolidated) flying boat

Catholic Church

Cayman Islands

Central Atlantic

central control room

Ceylon (Sri Lanka)

Channel, English

chief engineer. See also Druschel, Kurt; L.I.

Chile

Christianity

“citizen in uniform”

clemency

Coast Guard, U.S.

Cold War

Cologne

Columbus, Christopher

Combis, A.

communism

concentration camps

“confirmand”

Constitutional Court, West German

convoys; BT-14; ON-149; SL-126; TJ-12

court-martial

cowardice

Crew (German naval officer entry class of 19XX): Crew 07; Crew 24; Crew 25; Crew 26; Crew 29; Crew 30; Crew 34; Crew 35; Crew 36; Crew 37a; Crew 37b; Crew X/38; Crew XII/39; Crew X/41; Crew I/45; Crew IV/45, Crew 63

crimes against humanity

Croatan (U.S.)

Cuba

Cuxhaven

Czechoslovakia

“dairy cows”. See also U-tankers

damnatio memoriae (damnation of memory)

Dänholm

Danube River

Danzig (Gdansk)

Das Boot

“Das Karussel” (Kusch sketch)

defeatism

Delaware

Den Helder

denazification

Denmark

depth charges

desertion

Deutsche Freischar

Deutscher Pfadfinder-Bund

Diederichsen, Heinrich

Dientzenhofer, Johann

“Directive against Habitual Criticizers, Whiners and Complainers”

“Directive for the Protection of the German People”

“Directive Regarding the People’s Duty to Report”

Dittmers, Wolfgang

Dönitz, Karl; and Kusch case. See also Naval High Command; U-Boat Command

Dornier

Dover, Straits of

Dresden

Drumbeat (Paukenschlag), Operation

Druschel, Alfred

Druschel, Kurt

Durban

Dutch East Indies (Indonesia)

East Berlin

East Germany

East Prussia

Eastern Front

Eastern Seaboard

Ebert, Friedrich

Eckernförde

Egernsund

Eighth Army (British)

El Dos de Mayo (Goya painting)

El Ferrol

El Tres de Mayo (Goya painting)

Elbe River

Elmshorn

Emden (Germany)

Emmermann, Carl

Empire Oil (Britain)

England/English. See Great Britain

Enigma cipher

enlisted personnel (U-154)

equator

Erwin Wassner (Germany)

executions

Eyck, Claudia van

Eyck, Inge van. See Foris, Inge von

Eyck, Kristina van

Eyck, Peter van

Far East

Faroe Islands

FdU West. See Rösing, Hans-Rudolf

Filbinger, Hans

Finland, Gulf of

First Watch Officer. See I.W.O.

Fischer, Heinz

Flensburg

Flex, Walter

Flindt, Karl Otto (Karlo)

Florida

Florida (U.S.)

Fontane, Theodor

Ford, Ruth

Foris, Almuth (Klusemann) von

Foris, Amalie (“Mala”) von

Foris, Bernhard von

Foris, Henning von

Foris, Inge von

France

Franken, Wilhelm

Frankfurt (Main)

Frankfurt (Oder)

Frederick II (the Great)

free masonry

Freetown

Freiburg

Freisler, Roland

French East India Company

Frenzel, Ernst

Friedeburg, Hans-Georg von

Friedrich, Caspar David

Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität (Berlin)

Fröhlich, Horst

Frost (U.S.)

Führer. See Hitler, Adolf

Funchal

Funke, Arno

Galveston (Texas)

Gdingen, Gdynia. See Gotenhafen

Gemeiner, Gerth

General Naval Main Office (AMA)

Geneva

George, Stefan

Gerdes, Lieutenant

Gerichtsassessor

Gerichtsherr

Gerichtsreferendar

German Constitutional Court

German Cross in Gold

German Democratic Republic (East Germany)

German Minesweeping Administration (GMSA)

German Naval Officers Association (MOV)

German People’s Party

Germany. See Third Reich

Gestapo

Gibraltar

Gide, André

Godt, Eberhard

Gollnick, Kurt

Gomorrah, Operation. See Hamburg Firestorm

Gorch Fock (Germany)

Göring, Hermann

Gotenhafen (Gdingen, Gdynia)

gottgläubig

Göttingen

Goya, Francisco

Great Britain

Great Depression

Greece

Greifenberg

Greifswald

Grenoble

Grossherzogin Elisabeth (Germany)

“Group Oskar”. See also Südlegion

Gruchmann, Lothar

Guianas

Guinea, Gulf of

Gulf of Mexico

Gymnasium

Hagemann, Ilse

Hagemann, Karl-Heinrich; post-war trials against

Hamburg; Blankenese; Wandsbek

Hamburg Firestorm (Operation Gomorrah)

Hansen, Peter C.

“Happy Times”

Hartwig, Dieter

Heidelberg

Heinkel (aircraft)

Heinrich P. (Inge von Foris’ friend)

Helmholtz, Hermann von

Henke, Werner

Henry Stanley (British)

Heringsdorf

Hesse

high-frequency direction finding

Himmler, Heinrich

Hindenburg, Paul von

Hispaniola

historiography, postwar

Hitler, Adolf

Hitler Youth

Hoffmann, Karl

Hoffmann, Thomas-Michael

Hohenzollern-Gymnasium (Berlin)

Holstein (Germany)

homophobia

homosexuality

Hororata (Britain)

Horst Wessel (Germany)

Horta (Azores)

Huguenots

Humboldt University (Berlin)

hunter-killer groups

Husumer Nachrichten

hydrophones

Iberian Peninsula

Iceland

Imperial Navy (German)

Inch (U.S.)

India

Indian Ocean

Inferno (Dante Alighieri)

Innsbruck

International Military Tribunal

International Red Cross

Ireland (Republic of)

Iron Cross

Iron Curtain

Isensee, Kurt

Italy

I.W.O. (First Watch Officer)

II.W.O. (Second Watch Officer)

III.W.O. (Third Watch Officer)

Jahn, Werner

Janker, Hans

Janssen, Gustav-Adolf

Japan

Jena

Jews

John Worthington (U.S.)

Ju-52 (Junkers transport plane)

“Judas” (Kusch sketch)

judicial murder

Jungvolk

jurors (lay judges)

Kaiser. See William II

Kals, Ernst

kamikaze

Katz, Rudolf

Kempner, Robert W. M.

Kennedy, Robert F.

Kernevel

Kéroman

Kiel; Gaarden; Heikendorf; Holtenau; Levensau; Wik

Kiel Canal

Kietz, Siegfried

“Kilian” (bunker)

Kirchammer, Hellmuth

Kirkenes

Klenck, Walter (Horst von Luttitz)

Klusemann, Walter

Knight’s Cross

Kölle, Walther

Köln (Germany)

Kongfjord

Kovalenko, Semyon I.

Kranzbühler, Otto

Kretschmer, Otto

Kriegsgericht. See court-martial; Kusch, Oskar

Kriegsmarine

Kristiansand

KSSVO (Kriegssonderstrafrechtsverordnung or Wartime Special Penal Code). See also subversion

Kuhlmann, Hans

Kühns-Bernsau, Wolfgang

Kusch, Erna (née Kohls, Oskar’s mother, remarried to Dr. Brockmann); death

Kusch, Oskar: childhood; adolescence and education; artistic talent and artwork; bündisch youth movement experience; RAD service; early naval career; service on U-103; C.O. U-154, first patrol; C.O. U-154, second patrol; evaluations; courtship and engagement to Inge von Foris; at Zürs; political views; pessimism about German victory; denunciation and arrest; court-martial; on death row; execution; postwar rehabilitation efforts; historiographical treatment; memorial; legacy

Kusch, Oskarheinz (father)

La Pallice

La Rochelle

La Spezia

Lähn, Curd

Lake Constance

Lämmchen, Ingeborg

Lampedusa

Lauenburg

“Law Annulling Verdicts Based on National Socialist Injustice”

lay judges. See Dittmers, Wolfgang; jurors; Westphalen, Otto Lehmann, Rudolf

Leigh Light

Leipzig

Lemp, Fritz-Julius

Lend-Lease Program

Leverenz, Bernhard

L.I. (Leitender Ingenieur). See also chief engineer; Druschel, Kurt

Liederbuch (1932). See Südlegion

Liverpool

Loire River

Lorient

Louis XIV (French king)

Low Countries. See also Netherlands

Lower Saxony

Lübeck

Lubmin

Lucht (chaplain)

Lüdmann, Heinrich

Luftwaffe

Lüth, Wolfgang

Luttitz, Horst von

M-1503 (Germany)

M-1705 (Germany)

Maceió

Madeira

Madrid

Malaya

Malolo (U.S.)

Marine-Archiv

Marineforum

Marineschule Mürwik

Mariposa (U.S.)

Markworth, Friedrich

Marl, Peter

Mediterranean

Meinert, Ernst

Memel

merchant marine (Handelsmarine)

Messerschmidt, Manfred

Metox

Mexico City

Meyer, Heinrich (officer)

Meyer, Heinrich Adolph (merchant)

Meyer-Grieben, Clemens

Meyer-Grieben, Gerhard

Meyer-Grieben, Mrs.

Michelmann, Rolf Osker

Militärstrafgesetz (Military Penal Code)

mines

Minesweeper Flotillas: 5th; 15th; 17th

“Moloch” (Kusch sketch)

Montevideo

Morocco

“Mosel” (wolfpack)

Motocarline (Panama)

Mulligan, Timothy

Munch, Edvard

Munich

Murmansk

Mussolini, Benito

Napola

Napoleon I

Narvik

Nationalkommittee Freies Deutschland (NKFD)

naval academy, German. See Marineschule Mürwik

Naval Academy, U.S.

naval air force. See Seeluftwaffe

Naval Communications School

Naval Detention Center (M.U.G.)

naval grid square system

Naval High Command (OKM). See also Dönitz, Karl

naval justice officials: postwar continuity and solidarity; system

naval officers, German: classifications; corps spirit and camaraderie; ranks and promotion; recruitment and education. See also U-boat spirit

navy, German. See Bundesmarine; Imperial Navy; Kriegsmarine; Reichsmarine; Volksmarine

Navy, U.S.

Nazi ideology and regime. See also Hitler, Adolf; Third Reich

Nazi propaganda

Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact (1939)

Nelson, Horatio

Netherlands

Neustadt (Holstein)

New Jersey

New World. See also Western Hemisphere

New York

New Zealand

Nicaragua

Nieschling, Kay

Niestlé, Axel

Nietzsche, Friedrich

Niobe (Germany)

Nonn, Victor

Normandy Invasion

North Africa

North Atlantic

North Cape, Battle of the

North Cemetery (Kiel)

North German Lloyd

North Sea

Northern Ireland

Norway

Nothdurft, Hans; postwar statements

NSFO (National Socialist Guidance Officer)

nulla poena sine lege

Nuremberg

Oak Leaves. See Knight’s Cross

Old Urn Cemetery (Kiel)

Oldenburg

Oran

Organisation Todt (O.T)

Ortsgruppenleiter (local Nazi Party official)

Oskar-Kusch-Strasse

otitis media

Otto, Paul

Pacific Ocean

Pallas, Rudolf (Rudi)

Panama

Pan-American Security Zone

Pantelleria

Paragraph 175. See homophobia; homosexuality

Paramaribo

Paris

Pauckstadt, Hans

Paulus, Friedrich

PBY-5 (Consolidated) flying boat

Pearl Harbor

“People’s Community” (Volksgemeinschaft)

People’s Tribunal (Volksgerichtshof)

Peter, Erwin

Peter, Karl H.

Petersen, Wolfgang

Pich, Hellmuth

Pillau

Pinder, Wilhelm

Plön

Poland

Polarny

Pomerania

Ponta Delgada (Azores)

Porsanger Fjord

Port-of-Spain (Trinidad)

Portugal

Posen (Poznan)

Prado (Madrid Museum)

Prien, Günther

Prinz Heinrich Bridge (Kiel)

Prome (Britain)

Prussia

radar

radio monitoring, foreign

Raeder, Erich

RAF (Royal Air Force)

Rau, Erwin

Recife

“Red Folder” (“Roter Esel”)

Rehder, Hermann

Reich Chancellery, Operation

Reich Supreme Court

Reichsarbeitsdienst (RAD, Reich Labor Service)

Reichsmarine

Reinicke, Fritz

Rembrandt

Research Office for Military History (Freiburg)

resistance movement

Rhine River

Rilke, Rainer Maria

Rio de Janeiro

Rodenwaldt, Gerhart

Rogge, Bernhard

Roland (Kusch’s friend)

Roosevelt, Franklin D.

“Rose,” (code)

Rösing, Hans-Rudolf

Rotterdam

Royal Navy

Rudolphi, Joachim

Rügen

Russia. See also Soviet Union

SA (Nazi Stormtroopers)

sabotage

Sachsenhausen (concentration camp)

Safi

Saint Nazaire

Salamis (Greece)

Salewski, Michael

Saltzwedel” Flotilla. See U-Boat Flotillas: 2nd

Salzburg

Sandbostel

Santa Cruz (Azores)

Santos

Scharführer

Scharnhorst (German)

Schepke, Jochen

Schiffsstammabteilung (II.)

Schlesien (German)

Schleswig-Holstein

Schleswig-Holstein (German)

Schlieffen Plan

Schmidt, Albrecht

Schmidt, Heinrich

Schnellboote (S-Boote)

Schöffen. See jurors

Schroeter, Horst von

Schuch, Heinrich

Schultze, Herbert

Schumann, Clara

Schurz, Carl

Schurz, Margarethe (née Meyer)

Schütze, Viktor

Schwinge, Erich

Scotland

Scott, Zachary

Sea Lion, Operation

Second Reich. See also William II

Second U-Boat Flotilla. See U-Boat Flotillas: 2nd

Second Watch Officer. See II.W.O.

Seeluftwaffe

Seemann, Karl-Hans

Seeoffiziere

Seven Years’ War (1756–63)

ShCh-403 (Soviet)

Sicily

Sieber, Karl Helmut

Sierra Leone

Sixth Army (German)

snorkels

sonar (asdic)

South Africa

South America

South Atlantic

Soviet Union. See also Russia

Spain

SPD (Social Democratic Party of Germany)

Sperrbrecher (mine destroyers)

Spielschar

SS

Stalag X-B

Stalin, Joseph

Stalingrad

Starck, Wilhelm von

Stettin

“Störtebecker” (wolfpack)

Stralsund

Strelow, Otto

Stresemann, Gustav

Strippow (Pomerania)

submarines, German. See U-boats

subversion. See also KSSVO; Wehrkraftzersetzung

Südlegion. See also bündisch youth movement; “Group Oskar”

Suez Canal

Suhren, Reinhard

Supreme Court, British Occupation Zone

Sweden

Switzerland

“tapeworm” joke

Task Group 22.5 (U.S.)

Tasmania (Britain)

Tauchretter (underwater breathing device)

Teutonia (fraternity)

Thamm, Paul

The Scream (Munch)

Third Reich

Third Watch Officer. See III.W.O.

Tonnagekrieg (Tonnage War)

Topp, Erich

Torch, Operation

Torpedo School

torpedoes

Toulon

“Trauma of 1918”

“Treachery Act”

treason

Trinidad

Tromsö

Trondheim

Tunesia

Turing, Alan

U-22

U-25

U-26

U-30

U-37

U-38

U-48

U-103

U-105

U-110

U-123

U-126

U-137

U-146

U-154; attacks on. See also enlisted personnel

U-159

U-167

U-168

U-172

U-193

U-211

U-285

U-287

U-306

U-455

U-460

U-463

U-487

U-509

U-515

U-516

U-518

U-541

U-564

U-565

U-659

U-662

U-802

U-968

U-3501

U-3517

U-Boat Archives (Cuxhaven)

U-boat bunkers. See also Kéroman

U-Boat Command. See also Dönitz, Karl

U-Boat Flotillas: 1st; 2nd; 3rd; 5th, 6th, 7th, 9th, 10th; 11th; 12th; 13th; 14th; 21st; 22nd; 23rd; 24th; 29th

U-boat losses

U-boat numbering system

U-boat officer ranks, responsibilities

U-boat specifications, weaponry

U-boat spirit

U-boat successes

U-Boat Training (H.K.U.), Higher Command for

U-Boat Training Divisions: 1st; 2nd; 3rd

U-boats: Type IA; Type II; Type VII; Type IX; Type XIV; Type XXI; Type XXIII

Uebe, Friedrich

Ukraine

underwater telephony

United Kingdom. See Great Britain

United States

Usedom

U-tankers

Vause, Jordan

Venezuela

Vergangenheitsbewältigung

Versailles, Treaty of

Vienna

Villa Forsteck

Volksmarine (East German Navy)

Voltaire

Wagner, Konstantin

Walle, Heinrich

Walmrath, Lothar

Wampen

“Wanderer between Both Worlds” (Kusch sketch)

Wandervogel. See bündisch youth movement

Warzecha, Walter

Wehrkraftzersetzung. See also KSSVO; subversion

Wehrmacht

Weimar Republic

Wellington bombers (British)

Wer das Schwert nimmt

Weser River

Weserübung, Operation

West Africa

West German Navy. See Bundesmarine

West Germany

West Indies

Western Hemisphere. See also New World

Westphalen, Otto

Wette, Wolfgang

Wetzlar

“White Rose”

Wiechert, Ernst

Wiemer, Kurt

Wiesbaden

Wilhelmshaven

William II (German Emperor)

Windward Islands

Windward Passage

Winter, Werner

Witte, Werner

Wolfskehl, Karl

World War I; naval mutinies

World War II

Yucatán Channel

Zentrale. See central control room

Zeppelin airships

Zürs (Austria)

“Zürser Bilderbogen” (Kusch sketch)