Illustration sources

The publisher and author wish to thank the following sources for the use of their website information and other copyright material:

Figure 1.1, ‘International comparisons of annual labor force statistics’, The Conference Board, 2014, accessed at: www.conference-board.org/.

Table 1.1, Nicholas Lardy, ‘Manufacturing employment in China’, Peterson Institute for International Economics, 21 December 2015, accessed at: www.piie.com/blogs/china-economic-watch/manufacturing-employment-china.

Figure 1.2, Stephen Machin, ‘Real wage trends’ from ‘Understanding the Great Recession’ conference, Bank of England, 23 and 24 September 2015, accessed at: www.ifs.org.uk/uploads/Presentations/Understanding%20the%20recession_230915/SMachin.pdf.

Figure 3.1, ‘The labour share in G20 economies’, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), accessed at: www.oecd.org/g20/topics/employment-and-social-policy/The-Labour-Share-in-G20-Economies.pdf.

Figure 3.2, Bank of America Merrill Lynch.

Figure 3.3, ‘Share of labour compensation in GDP at current national prices for United States’, University of Groningen and University of California, Davis, retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, accessed at: www.fred.stlouisfed.org/series/LABSHPUSA156NRUG.

Figure 3.4, ‘The labour share in G20 economies’, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), accessed at: www.oecd.org/g20/topics/employment-and-social-policy/The-Labour-Share-in-G20-Economies.pdf.

Figure 3.5, ‘Why wages have stagnated while GDP has grown’, chart by aneconomicsense.com, data from Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) and Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

Table 3.1, data from World Inequality Database by Thomas Piketty, Emmanuel Saez et al., accessed at: www.wid.world.

Figures 3.68, Stephen Machin, ‘Real wage trends’ from ‘Understanding the Great Recession: from micro to macro’ conference, Bank of England, 23 and 24 September 2015, accessed at: www.ifs.org.uk/uploads/Presentations/Understanding%20the%20recession_230915/SMachin.pdf.

Figure 4.2, Office for National Statistics.

Figure 4.3, Evan Soltas, originally accessed at: esoltas.blogspot.co.uk; now accessed at: www.industrious.info/45/07767-finance-graphs-andcharts.html.

Figure 5.1, Caroline Fairchild, ‘Middle-class decline mirrors the fall of unions’, Huffington Post, accessed at: www.huffpost.com/entry/union-membership-middle-class-income_n_3948543.

Figure 5.2, ‘Effective federal funds rate’, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US), accessed at FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis: www.fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FEDFUNDS.

Figure 5.3, ‘United Kingdom interest rate’, www.Tradingeconomics.com / Bank of England.

Figure 5.4, ‘United States wages and salaries growth’, www.Tradingeconomics.com / US Bureau of Economic Analysis.

Figure 5.5, Sarah O’Connor, ‘Millenials poorer than previous generations, data shows’, Luxembourg Income Study Database © Financial Times.

Figure 5.6, Bank of America Merrill Lynch Global Investment Strategy, Federal Reserve, DataStream, US Global Investors, accessed at: goldsilverworlds.com.

Figure 5.7, ‘United States household debt to GDP’, Trading Economics / Bank for International Settlements, accessed at: tradingeconomics.com.

Figure 5.8, based on data from Standard and Poor’s Case–Shiller National Composite Home Price Index and made available by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. The index is a standardised representation of prices, with the average home price in Q1 2000 representing ‘100’. Trend Line is based on 1987 Q1–1999 Q1.

Figure 5.9, ‘United Kingdom household debt to GDP’, Trading Economics / Bank of International Settlements, accessed at: tradingeconomics.com.

Figure 5.10, ‘France household debt to GDP’, Trading Economics / Bank for International Settlements, accessed at: tradingeconomics.com.

Figure 5.11, ‘Germany household debt to GDP’, Trading Eonomics / Bank for International Settlements, accessed at: tradingeconomics.com.

Figure 6.1, ‘Effective federal funds rate’, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US), accessed at FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis: www.fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FEDFUNDS.

Figure 6.2, Trading Economics / US Bureau of Economic Analysis, accessed at: www.tradingeconomics.com.

Figure 7.1, ‘Federal deficit in the 20th century’, accessed at: usgovernmentspending.com.

Table 8.1, ‘Cost of election’, Center for Responsive Politics, accessed at: www.opensecrets.org/overview/cost.php?display=T&infl=N.

Table 8.2, ‘Donor Demographics’, Center for Responsive Politics, accessed at: www.opensecrets.org/overview/donordemographics.php.

Figure 8.1, ‘How money affects elections’, Center for Responsive Politics, accessed at: www.fivethirtyeight.com/features/money-and-elections-a-complicated-love-story/.

Figure 9.1, chart combines data from ‘Corporate top tax rate and bracket’ accessed at: www.taxpolicycenter.org/statistics/corporate-toptax-rate-and-bracket and US Bureau of Economic Analysis, Federal Government: ‘Tax receipts on corporate income [FCTAX]’, accessed at: FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis: www.fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FCTAX, November 29, 2019.

Figure 9.2, data from research.stlouisfed.org.

Figure 10.1, Euromonitor International.

Every effort has been made to trace and acknowledge correctly all copyright meterial in this book. Any inadvertant errors will, if brought to the attention of the publisher, be corrected in future editions.