INTRODUCTION
1. Graeme Goldsworthy, Preaching the Whole Bible as Christian Scripture (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdman’s Publishing Company, 2000), 5, 19.
2. Mark Dever, & John F. MacArthur Jr., The Message of the New Testament: Promises Kept (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 2005).
3. John Piper, Seeing and Savoring Jesus Christ (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 2004), 9.
4. John MacArthur Jr., “Jesus Plus Nothing Equals Everything,” John MacArthur Sermon Archive (Panorama City, CA: Grace to You, 2004).
5. Faithlife Staff, Rediscover the Original Jesus, Faithlife Today, August 8, 2016, https://today.faithlife.com/2016/08/11/rediscover-the-original-jesus/?utm_medium=feed&utm_source=feedpress.me&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+faithlife-today-6.
CHAPTER 1: THE OVERLOOKED ERA: LIFE BETWEEN THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENTS
1. I. L. Jensen, Jensen’s Survey of t: he Old Testament: Search and Discover (Chicago: Moody Press, 1978), 471–72.
2. Thomas D. Lea and David Alan Black, The New Testament: Its Background and Message, 2nd ed. (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers 2003), 8.
3. Craig A. Evans, NT311 The World of Jesus and the Gospels (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2014), segment 1.
4. Mark L. Strauss, Four Portraits, One Jesus: A Survey of Jesus and the Gospels (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2007), 94; Joel Willitts, NT202 A Survey of Jewish History and Literature from the Second Temple Period (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2015), segment 1.
5. Richard L. Pratt Jr., 1 and 2 Chronicles: A Mentor Commentary (Fearn, Tain, Ross-shire, Great Britain: Mentor, 2006), 11.
6. R. K. Harrison, “Canon of the OT,” in G. W. Bromiley, ed., The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Revised (Wm. B. Eerdmans), vol. 1, 598.
7. Josephus wrote that since Artaxerxes’ age the succession of prophets had ceased. Harrison, “Canon of the OT,” in Bromiley, ed., The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, vol. 1, 598.
8. Paul N. Benware, Survey of the New Testament (Revised) (Chicago: Moody Press, 1990), 22.
9. Paul J. Achtemeier, Harper & Row and Society of Biblical Literature, in Harper’s Bible Dictionary, 1st ed. (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1985), 219. The apocrypha—a word derived from the Greek word for “hidden”—is a collection of books that are rejected as non-canonical by Protestants but most of them—referred to as the deuterocanonical books—are accepted by the Roman Catholics as part of the Old Testament Canon. Craig L. Blomberg. Jesus and the Gospels: An Introduction and Survey (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1997), 8.
10. Robert A. Morey, The Trinity: Evidence and Issues (Iowa Falls, IA: World Pub, 1996), 230.
11. J. Sidlow Baxter, Explore the Book (Grand Rapids, MI: Academie Books, Zondervan Publishing House, 1960), vol. 5, 12.
12. Pratt Jr., 1 and 2 Chronicles, 11.
13. Baxter, Explore the Book, vol. 5, 11.
14. Blomberg, Jesus and the Gospels, 8.
15. John F. MacArthur Jr., ed., The MacArthur Study Bible, electronic ed. (Nashville, TN: Word Pub, 1997), 1,369.
16. Ronald F. Youngblood, F. F. Bruce, and R. K. Harrison, Thomas Nelson Publishers, eds., in Nelson’s New Illustrated Bible Dictionary (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, Inc., 1995).
17. L. K. Crocker, “Temple, Solomon’s,” in J. D. Barry et al., eds., The Lexham Bible Dictionary (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2016); Strauss, Four Portraits, 94.
18. Elmer Towns and Ben Gutierrez, The Essence of the New Testament (Nashville: B&H, 2012).
19. John A. Martin, “Ezra,” in J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), vol. 1, 660.
20. H. W. Hoehner, “Between the Testaments,” in F. E. Gaebelein, ed., The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Introductory Articles (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1979), vol. 1, 179; Baxter, Explore the Book, vol. 5, 13.
21. Earl D. Radmacher et al., Nelson’s New Illustrated Bible Commentary (Nashville: T. Nelson Publishers, 2009).
22. MacArthur Jr., ed., The MacArthur Study Bible, 1,369.
23. Ibid., 1,369.
24. David S. Dockery et al. and Holman Bible Publishers, Holman Bible Handbook (Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers, 1992), 505.
25. Blomberg, Jesus and the Gospels, 13.
26. Benware, Survey of the New Testament, 24.
27. Henry Hampton Halley, Halley’s Bible Handbook with the New International Version, completely rev. and expanded (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 2000), 508.
28. Benware, Survey of the New Testament, 24.
29. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1,783.
30. Strauss, Four Portraits, 98, 100; Benware, Survey of the New Testament, 24.
31. D. F. Payne, “Jerusalem,” in D. R. W. Wood et al., eds., New Bible Dictionary, 3rd ed. (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: Inter-Varsity Press, 1996), 560.
32. R. A. Batey, “Jerusalem,” in Craig A. Evans and Stanley E. Porter, eds., Dictionary of New Testament Background: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship, electronic ed. (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2000), 560.
33. Hoehner, “Between the Testaments,” in Gaebelein, ed., The Expositor’s Bible Commentary, vol. 1, 184.
34. Batey, “Jerusalem,” in Evans and Porter, eds., Dictionary of New Testament Background, 560.
35. Towns and Gutierrez, The Essence of the New Testament.
36. Hoehner, “Between the Testaments,” in Gaebelein, ed., The Expositor’s Bible Commentary, vol. 1, 184; R. C. Kashow, “Judas Maccabeus,” in Barry et al., eds., The Lexham Bible Dictionary.
37. Batey, “Jerusalem,” in Evans and Porter, eds., Dictionary of New Testament Background, 560.
38. J. Kampen, “Judas Maccabeus,” in D. N. Freedman, A. C. Myers, and A. B. Beck, eds., Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: W.B. Eerdmans, 2000).
39. D. P. Fuller, “Satan,” in G. W. Bromiley, ed., The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Revised (Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1979–1988), vol. 4, 341; Craig G. Bartholomew and Michael W. Goheen, The Drama of Scripture: Finding Our Place in the Biblical Story (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2004), 121.
40. Bartholomew and Goheen, The Drama of Scripture, 122.
41. Kampen, “Judas Maccabeus,” in Freedman, Myers, and Beck, eds., Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible.
42. Batey, “Jerusalem,” in Evans and Porter, eds., Dictionary of New Testament Background, 560.
43. Gary M. Burge, The New Testament in Antiquity (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2009), 19.
44. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible, 1,784.
45. Strauss, Four Portraits, 105.
46. Dockery et al. and Holman Bible Publishers, Holman Bible Handbook, 513.
47. Walter A. Elwell and B. J. Beitzel, in Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1988), 1,065.
48. Paul J. Achtemeier, Harper & Row, and Society of Biblical Literature, in Harper’s Bible Dictionary, 1st ed. (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1985), 1,028.
49. M. H. Gracey, “Herodian Army,” in D. N. Freedman, ed., The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary (New York: Doubleday, 1992), vol. 3, 172, and Dockery et al. and Holman Bible Publishers, Holman Bible Handbook, 513.
50. Charles Caldwell Ryrie, Ryrie Study Bible: New International Version, expanded ed. (Chicago: Moody Publishers, 1994), 1,430–31.
51. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible, 1,784.
52. Alfred A. Plummer, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. Luke (London: T&T Clark International, 1896), 440.
53. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible, 1784.
54. S. W. Lemke, “Hellenism,” in C. Brand et al., eds., Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary (Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers. 2003), 746. Another philosophy at the time was Pythagoreanism, which was founded in southern Italy in the latter half of the sixth century BC by Pythagoras, a devotee of Apollo. If he produced any writings, none survived, but poets, philosophers, and historians say that he believed in metempsychosis—the transmigration of the soul. He thought the soul was a fallen divinity that was imprisoned in the body and condemned to a cycle of reincarnation. Only followers of Apollo had any chance of escaping. He also believed in interpreting the world through numbers. N. C. Croy, “Neo-Pythagoreanism,” in C. A. Evans and S. E. Porter, eds., Dictionary of New Testament Background: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship, electronic ed. (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2000), 739.
55. Ibid.
56. Lea and Black, The New Testament, 54.
57. N. C. Croy, “Epicureanism,” in Evans and Porter, eds., Dictionary of New Testament Background, 324.
58. Ibid., 326.
59. Lea and Black, The New Testament, 54.
60. Archibald T. Robertson, Word Pictures in the New Testament (Nashville, TN: Broadman Press, 1933), and Croy, “Epicureanism,” in Evans and Porter, eds., Dictionary of New Testament Background, 326.
61. Walter E. Elwell, in Evangelical Dictionary of Theology: Second Edition (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2001), 887.
62. J. C. Thom, “Stoicism,” in Evans and Porter, eds., Dictionary of New Testament Background, 1,139–40; Lea and Black, The New Testament, 54.
63. H. B. Alexander et al., “Ethics and Morality,” in J. Hastings, J. A. Selbie, and L. H. Gray, eds., Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics (Edinburgh; New York: T. & T. Clark; Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1908–1926), vol. 5, 490.
64. Andreas Graeser, “Greek Philosophy,” in The Encyclopedia of Christianity (Grand Rapids, MI; Leiden, Netherlands: Wm. B. Eerdmans; Brill, 1999–2003), vol. 2, 467.
65. “Mercurius,” in Brand et al., eds., Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary, 1,105.
66. Harold L. Willmington, Willmington’s Book of Bible Lists (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale, 1987), 154.
67. Benware, Survey of the New Testament, 29.
68. Ibid.
69. Ibid., 30.
70. Craig S. Keener, The IVP Bible Background Commentary: New Testament (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1993).
71. Christopher Catherwood, Church History: A Crash Course for the Curious (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2007).
72. Youngblood, Bruce, and Harrison, Thomas Nelson Publishers, eds., in Nelson’s New Illustrated Bible Dictionary.
73. Josh McDowell and Sean McDowell, The Unshakable Truth, How You Can Experience the 12 Essentials of a Relevant Faith (Eugene, OR: Harvest House, 2010).
74. Walter A. Elwell and Philip W. Comfort, in Tyndale Bible Dictionary (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 2001), 430.
75. Benware, Survey of the New Testament, 32–33.
76. Elwell and Beitzel, in Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible, 719.
77. Evans, NT311 The World of Jesus; Benware, Survey of the New Testament, 32–41.
78. N. T. Wright, The New Testament and the People of God (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1992), 209.
79. Ibid., 210.
80. Evans, NT311 The World of Jesus.
81. Wright, The New Testament and the People of God, 210–11.
82. Robert Gromacki, New Testament Survey (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 1974), 31.
83. Benware, Survey of the New Testament, 40–41.
84. Gromacki, New Testament Survey, 30–31.
85. M. G. Easton, in Easton’s Bible Dictionary (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1893).
86. Gary M. Burge, The New Testament in Antiquity (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2009), 70.
87. Benware, Survey of the New Testament, 38.
88. Burge, The New Testament in Antiquity, 70.
89. J. Julius Scott Jr., Jewish Backgrounds of the New Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2000), 202.
90. MacArthur Jr., ed., The MacArthur Study Bible, 1,371.
91. Everett Ferguson, Backgrounds of Early Christianity, 3rd ed. (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, UK: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2003), 514; Elwell and Beitzel, in Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible, 719.
92. Wright, The New Testament and the People of God, 182.
93. Burge, The New Testament in Antiquity, 63.
94. Blomberg, Jesus and the Gospels, 47.
95. Flavius Josephus, The Works of Josephus: Complete and Unabridged, William Whiston, trans. (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1987), Wars of the Jews, 1.2.
96. Scott Jr., Jewish Backgrounds of the New Testament, 203.
97. Lea and Black, The New Testament, 57–58.
98. Ryrie, Ryrie Study Bible, 1,431.
99. Josephus, The Works of Josephus, Whiston, trans., Antiquities, 18.1.4.
100. Benware, Survey of the New Testament, 36.
101. Ferguson, Backgrounds of Early Christianity, 520.
102. Benware, Survey of the New Testament, 36.
103. Easton, in Easton’s Bible Dictionary. Some speculate that they may have been referred to in Matt. 19:11, 12, Col. 2:8, 18, 23.
104. F. C. Conybeare, “Essenes,” in J. Hastings et al., eds., A Dictionary of the Bible: Dealing with Its Language, Literature, and Contents Including the Biblical Theology (New York; Edinburgh: Charles Scribner’s Sons; T. & T. Clark, 1911–1912), vol. 1, 768.
105. F. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone, eds., in The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd ed. rev. (Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), 565.
106. E. M. Cook, “Dead Sea Scrolls, Nonbiblical,” in Barry et al., eds., The Lexham Bible Dictionary.
107. A. Schofield, “Dead Sea Scrolls, Biblical,” in Barry et al., eds., The Lexham Bible Dictionary.
108. Lea and Black, The New Testament, 58; Benware, Survey of the New Testament, 36–37.
109. Craig S. Keener et al., NT146 The Arrival of Christ and His Kingdom (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2016).
110. Ryrie, Ryrie Study Bible, 1,431.
111. W. H. Franzmann, Bible History Commentary: New Testament, electronic ed. (Milwaukee, WI: WELS Board for Parish Education, 1998).
112. Mark Allan Powell, Introducing the New Testament: A Historical, Literary, and Theological Survey (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2009), 21–22.
113. Benware, Survey of the New Testament, 35.
114. Scott Jr., Jewish Backgrounds of the New Testament, 234.
115. Wright, The New Testament and the People of God, 213–14.
116. Scott Jr., Jewish Backgrounds of the New Testament, 235.
117. Ibid., 139.
118. Bartholomew and Goheen, The Drama of Scripture, 114.
119. Wright, The New Testament and the People of God, 157.
120. Scott Jr. Jewish Backgrounds of the New Testament, 267.
121. Blomberg, Jesus and the Gospels, 9.
122. Scott Jr., Jewish Backgrounds of the New Testament, 267.
123. Bartholomew and Goheen, The Drama of Scripture, 119.
124. Scott Jr., Jewish Backgrounds of the New Testament, 267.
125. Bartholomew and Goheen, The Drama of Scripture, 114–15.
126. Ibid., 115–16.
127. George Eldon Ladd, I Believe in the Resurrection of Jesus (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1975), 62.
128. Bartholomew and Goheen, The Drama of Scripture, 123.
129. Ibid., 124.
130. Towns and Gutierrez, The Essence of the New Testament.
131. Bartholomew and Goheen, The Drama of Scripture, 124.
132. F. F. Bruce, New Testament History (New York: Doubleday, 1969), 133.
133. Michael Heiser, “Why Didn’t the Israelites Know Jesus Was the Messiah?” Faithlife Videos, August 24, 2016, https://today.faithlife.com/2016/08/24/why-didnt-the-israelites-know-jesus-was-the-messiah/?utm_medium=feed&utm_source=feedpress.me&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+faithlife-today-6.
134. George Eldon Ladd, I Believe in the Resurrection of Jesus (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1975), 61–62.
135. Ibid., 64, 66.
136. Ibid., 66.
137. Ibid., 61.
138. Ibid., 66.
139. Ibid., 71.
140. Ibid., 71–72.
141. Ibid., 72.
142. Wright, The New Testament and the People of God, 153.
143. “Pax Romana,” in Encyclopedia Britannica, Noet ed. (Chicago, IL: Encyclopêdia Britannica, 2016).
144. Philip W. Comfort and Walter A. Elwellm, in Tyndale Bible Dictionary (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 2001), 876.
145. Wright, The New Testament and the People of God, 154.
146. Craig R. Koester, vol. 38A, Revelation: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary, J. J. Collins, ed. (New Haven; London: Yale University Press, 2014), 471.
147. Mark A. Noll, “The Fullness of Time,” R. F. Ingram, ed., Tabletalk Magazine, December 1990, 13.
148. Ibid., 11.
149. Larry R. Helyer, Exploring Jewish Literature of the Second Temple Period: A Guide for New Testament Students (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2002), 497.
150. Gary H. Everett, The Epistle of Galatians, 2011, 80.
151. Origen, “Origen against Celsus,” in A. Roberts, J. Donaldson, and A. C. Coxe, eds., F. Crombie, trans., vol. 4, Fathers of the Third Century: Tertullian, Part Fourth; Minucius Felix; Commodian; Origen, Parts First and Second (Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Company, 1885), 443–44.
152. Everett Ferguson, Backgrounds of Early Christianity, 3rd ed. (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, UK: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2003), 1.
153. Ibid., 49.
154. Ibid., 67.
155. Craig S. Keener, The IVP Bible Background Commentary: New Testament (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1993).
156. David A. Fiensy, New Testament Introduction (Joplin, MO: College Press Pub. Co., 1997), 182.
157. Moyer V. Hubbard, Christianity in the Greco-Roman World: A Narrative Introduction (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2010), 197.
158. Ibid., 200.
159. Fiensy, New Testament Introduction, 182.
160. Craig S. Keener, The IVP Bible Background Commentary: New Testament (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1993).
161. Fiensy, New Testament Introduction, 183.
162. Ibid., 84.
163. Lea and Black, The New Testament, 32.
164. Ibid., 34–35.
165. Ibid., 35.
CHAPTER 2: NEW TESTAMENT BASICS: BUILDING BLOCKS OF THE REVELATION
1. F. F. Bruce, The New Testament Documents: Are They Reliable?, 5th rev. ed. (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1997), 15.
2. The Roman Catholic Bible includes additional Old Testament books, which Catholics refer to as “deuterocanonical” and Protestants call “the Apocrypha.”
3. John D. Barry, “New Testament, Title of,” in J. D. Barry et al., eds., The Lexham Bible Dictionary (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2016).
4. George Thomas Kurian, in Nelson’s New Christian Dictionary: The Authoritative Resource on the Christian World (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2001); .J. E. Miller, “Codex Sinaiticus,” in J. D. Barry et al., eds., The Lexham Bible Dictionary.
5. J. E. Miller, “Codex Vaticanus,” in J. D. Barry et al., eds., The Lexham Bible Dictionary.
6. F. F. Bruce, The Canon of Scripture (Downers Grove, IL: Inter-Varsity Press, 1988), 16.
7. S. T. Raquel, “Canon, New Testament,” in J. D. Barry et al., eds., The Lexham Bible Dictionary.
8. Bruce, The Canon of Scripture, 16.
9. Ibid., 116.
10. Arthur G. Patzia, The Making of the New Testament: Origin, Collection, Text & Canon (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2011), 168.
11. Ibid.
12. Josh McDowell, Evidence for Christianity (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2006), 44.
13. Lee Martin McDonald, The Biblical Canon: Its Origin, Transmission, and Authority (Grand Rapids, MI: Hendrickson Publishers, 2011), 245.
14. R. M. Raymer, 1 Peter. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Vol. 2, 844.
15. McDonald, The Biblical Canon, 246.
16. McDowell, Evidence for Christianity, 42.
17. Bruce, The Canon of Scripture, 123.
18. Patzia, The Making of the New Testament, 170.
19. Raquel, “Canon, New Testament,” in J. D. Barry et al., eds., The Lexham Bible Dictionary.
20. Norman L. Geisler and William E. Nix, A General Introduction to the Bible, rev. and expanded (Chicago: Moody Press, 1986), 276–78.
21. Ibid., 282.
22. Norman L. Geisler, in Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1999), 147.
23. Thomas D. Lea and David Alan Black, The New Testament: Its Background and Message, 2nd ed. (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers 2003), 51–52.
24. Joe Blair, Introducing the New Testament (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman, 1994), 5.
25. Gary Habermas, The Historical Jesus (Joplin, Mo.: College Press, 1996), 152–57.
26. Geisler and Nix, A General Introduction to the Bible, 284.
27. William Lane Craig, On Guard (Colorado Springs, CO: David C. Cook, 2010).
28. Mark Roberts, Can We Trust the Gospels? Investigating the Reliability of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2007).
29. W. H. Kelber, “Oral Tradition: New Testament,” in D. N. Freedman, ed., The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary (New York: Double-day, 1992), 31.
30. Darrell L. Bock and Daniel B. Wallace, Dethroning Jesus: Exposing Popular Culture’s Quest to Unseat the Biblical Christ (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2010).
31. Roberts, Can We Trust the Gospels?
32. Valesius. Life of Eusebius Pamphilus, in Parker S. E., trans., An Ecclesiastical History to the 20th Year of the Reign of Constantine (London: Samuel Bagster and Sons, 1847), Eus. Hist. eccl. 339.
33. Bruce, The Canon of Scripture, 118.
34. Alex McFarland and Lee Strobel, The 10 Most Common Objections to Christianity (Ventura, CA: Regal Books, 2007).
35. List compiled by Gary Habermas, The Historical Jesus: Ancient Evidence for the Life of Christ, pp. 146–152, in ibid.
36. Bruce, The Canon of Scripture, 118.
37. Ibid., 118–19.
38. D. A. deSilva, An introduction to the New Testament: contexts, methods and ministry formation (p. 32). (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2004).
39. Geisler and Nix, A General Introduction to the Bible, 284–87.
40. Ibid., 288.
41. C. D. Hamilton, “The Development of the Canon,” E. Harrell, ed., Christianity Magazine, 2(9), 1985, 14.
42. Geisler and Nix, A General Introduction to the Bible, 295.
43. Norman L. Geisler and Frank Turek, I Don’t Have Enough Faith to Be An Atheist (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 2004), 236.
44. Darrell L. Bock, NT211 Introducing the Gospels and Acts: Their Background, Nature, and Purpose (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2014).
45. F. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone, eds., in The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd ed. rev. (Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), 281.
46. John D. Barry and R. V. Noord, “Canon, Timeline of Formation of,” J. D. Barry et al., eds., The Lexham Bible Dictionary.
47. Frank A. James III, CH101 Introducing Church History I: Obscurity to Christendom (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2016).
48. H. Gamble, “Canonical Formation of the New Testament,” in C. A. Evans and S. E. Porter, eds., Dictionary of New Testament Background: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship, electronic ed. (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2000), 190; Hamilton, “The Development of the Canon,” 14.
49. Geisler and Nix, A General Introduction to the Bible, 231.
50. Patzia, The Making of the New Testament, 166.
51. Lee Strobel, Finding the Real Jesus, Kindle ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2008), location 212.
52. Ibid., location 215.
53. Steve Walton and David Wenham, Exploring the New Testament: The Gospels and Acts, 2nd ed., vol. 1 (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 2011), 58.
54. John P. Meier, A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus: The Roots of the Problem and the Person, Vol. 1 (New York, New York: Doubleday, 1991), 115.
55. Habermas, The Historical Jesus, 16.
56. Albert Schweitzer, The Quest of the Historical Jesus: A Critical Study of its Progress from Reimarus to Wrede, trans. by J. W. Montgomery from the first German edition of 1906 (New York: Macmillan, 1968), 38–39.
57. Habermas, The Historical Jesus, 18.
58. Ibid.
59. C. S. Lewis, Mere Christianity (C.S. Lewis Pte. Ltd., 1952), 55.
60. R. J. Morgan, Nelson’s Complete Book of Stories, Illustrations, and Quotes, electronic ed. (Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2000), 484.
61. Habermas, The Historical Jesus, 25–26.
62. R. G. Howe, “The New Testament, Jesus Christ, and the Da Vinci Code,” in N. L. Geisler and C. V. Meister, eds., Reasons for Faith: Making a Case for the Christian Faith (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 2007), 271.
63. Ibid., 271–72.
64. Robert Payne, “Heresy in the Early Church,” Christian History Magazine, issue 51, 1996.
65. Bruce Barton, John, in Life Application Commentary (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1993), 4.
66. Howe, “The New Testament, Jesus Christ, and the Da Vinci Code,” 273.
67. John Henry Newman, The Arians of the Fourth Century (London: J. G. & F. Rivington, 1983), 218–19.
68. Howe, “The New Testament, Jesus Christ, and the Da Vinci Code,” 275.
69. Ibid., 280.
70. Thomas W. H. Griffith, How We Got Our Bible (Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers, 2013).
71. Norman L. Geisler, Christian Apologetics (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1976), 305.
72. Craig L. Blomberg, Making Sense of the New Testament: Three Crucial Questions (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2004), 26; Geisler, Christian Apologetics, 313.
73. Blomberg, Making Sense of the New Testament, 33–36.
74. Ibid., 27.
75. Ibid., 145.
76. Philip Schaff, Companion to the Greek Testament and the English Version (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1883), 86.
77. Elmer L. Towns and Ben Gutierrez, The Essence of the New Testament (Nashville: B&H, 2012).
78. Bruce Metzer in an interview with Lee Strobel, in Lee Strobel, The Case for Christ: A Journalist’s Personal Investigation of the Evidence for Jesus (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1998), chapter 3.
79. Blomberg, Making Sense of the New Testament, 145.
80. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2,587.
81. Ibid.
82. Ibid.
83. Geisler, Christian Apologetics, 307.
84. Carl F. H. Henry, God, Revelation, and Authority (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 1999), vol. 2, 14.
85. Norman L. Geisler, “Updating the Manuscript Evidence for the New Testament,” September 2013.
86. Philip Schaff, Companion to the Greek Testament and the English Version (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1883), 178.
87. Ed Komoszewski, M. James Sawyer, and Daniel B. Wallace, Reinventing Jesus, How Contemporary Skeptics Miss the Real Jesus and Mislead Popular Culture, Kindle ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 2006), location 1103.
88. Henry, God, Revelation, and Authority, vol. 2, 14.
89. John A. T. Robinson, Can We Trust the New Testament? (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1977), 36.
90. Norman L. Geisler, “The New Testament Is Historically Reliable,” PowerPoint presentation, 2014.
91. Frederic Kenyon, The Bible and Archaeology (New York: Harper, 1940), 288. Limbaugh, David (2014-09-08).
92. Geisler, “The New Testament Is Historically Reliable.”
93. Irving L. Jensen, Jensen’s Survey of the New Testament: Search and Discover (Chicago: Moody Press, 1981), 137.
94. Paul N. Benware, Survey of the New Testament, rev. ed. (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1990), 285, and Geisler, “The New Testament is Historically Reliable.”
95. Mark L. Strauss, Four Portraits, One Jesus: A Survey of Jesus and the Gospels (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2007), 387.
96. F. F. Bruce, The New Testament Documents, Are They Reliable?, Kindle ed. (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1943), location 517.
97. J. P. Moreland, Scaling the Secular City: A Defense of Christianity (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 1987), 138.
98. Habermas, The Historical Jesus, 172.
99. Moreland, Scaling the Secular City, 138; Dan Story, Defending Your Faith (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 1997), 43.
100. Habermas, The Historical Jesus, 172.
101. Story, Defending Your Faith, 44.
102. Robert G. Gromacki, New Testament Survey (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 1974), 50.
103. Ibid.
104. Norman L. Geisler, Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1999), 100.
105. I discuss these sources in more depth in Jesus on Trial, Chapter 10
CHAPTER 3: MIRACULOUS: THE LITERARY WONDER OF THE NEW TESTAMENT
1. J. L Resseguie, “Literature, New Testament as,” in D. N. Freedman, A. C. Myers, and A. B. Beck, eds., Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: W.B. Eerdmans, 2000), 815.
2. William W. Klein, BI260 Interpreting New Testament Genres (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2015).
3. Leland L. Ryken, Words of Delight: A Literary Introduction to the Bible, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 1992), 12.
4. Ibid., 16.
5. Ibid., 14.
6. J. Sidlow Baxter, Explore the Book (Grand Rapids: MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1960), Vol. 5, 101.
7. S. W. Crawford, “Apocalyptic,” in Freedman, Myers, and Beck, eds., Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible, 72.
8. Ibid.
9. Norman L. Geisler and William E. Nix, A General Introduction to the Bible, rev. and expanded (Chicago: Moody Press, 1986), 29.
10. Jason S. DeRouchie, “Jesus’ Bible: An Overview,” in J. S. DeRouchie, ed., What the Old Testament Authors Really Cared About: A Survey of Jesus’ Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Academic, 2013), 48.
11. Norman L. Geisler, To Understand the Bible Look for Jesus: The Bible Student’s Guide to the Bible’s Central Theme (Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 1979), 72.
12. James D. Dunn, “The History of the Tradition: New Testament,” in J. D. G. Dunn and J. W. Rogerson, eds., Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, UK: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company 2003), 950.
13. Louis Berkhof, New Testament Introduction (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans-Sevensma Co, 1915), 133.
14. James D. Dunn, “The History of the Tradition: New Testament,” in Dunn and Rogerson, eds., Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible, 950.
15. David Wenham and Steve Walton, Exploring the New Testament: The Gospels and Acts, 2nd ed., Vol. 1 (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 2011), 50.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid.
18. Klein, BI260 Interpreting New Testament Genres.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Plutarch. The Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans: The Dryden Translation, M. J. Adler and P. W. Goetz, eds. (Chicago; Auckland; Geneva; London; Madrid; Manila; Paris; Rome; Seoul; Sydney; Tokyo; Toronto: Robert P. Gwinn; Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 1990), 2nd ed., vol. 13, 540–41.
22. Wenham and Walton, Exploring the New Testament, 2nd ed., vol. 1, 52.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid., 54.
25. Ibid.
26. Earl D. Radmacher, Ronald Barclay Allen, and H. Wayne House, The Nelson Study Bible: New King James Version (Nashville: T. Nelson Publishers, 1997).
27. Norman L. Geisler and Frank Turek, I Don’t Have Enough Faith to Be an Atheist (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 2004), 290.
28. Klein, BI260 Interpreting New Testament Genres.
29. William W. Klein, Craig L. Blomberg, and Robert L. Hubbard Jr., Introduction to Biblical Interpretation (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2004), 400–1.
30. Klein, BI260 Interpreting New Testament Genres.
31. Elmer Towns and Ben Guitierrez, The Essence of the New Testament (Nashville: B&H, 2012).
32. Ben Witherington III, The Acts of the Apostles: A Socio-rhetorical Commentary (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, 1998), 31.
33. John W. Drane, Introducing the New Testament, completely rev. and updated (Oxford: Lion Publishing plc, 2000), 254.
34. Spiros Zodhiates and Warren Baker, The Complete Word Study Bible: King James Version, electronic ed. (Chattanooga: AMG Publishers, 2000).
35. Walter A. Elwell and B. J. Beitzel, in Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1988), 1,633.
36. Ray C. Stedman, Adventuring through the New Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Discovery House Publishers, 2011), Kindle ed., location 1984.
37. Bruce Barton says the book is not about the life of Paul but about the spread of the gospel. Bruce B. Barton and G. R. Osborne, Acts (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 457.
38. David G. Peterson, The Acts of the Apostles (Grand Rapids, MI; Nottingham, England: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2009), 12.
39. Klein, BI260 Interpreting New Testament Genres.
40. Harold L. Willmington, Willmington’s Bible Handbook (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1997), 632.
41. Ibid.
42. D. A. Carson and Douglas J. Moo, Introducing the New Testament: A Short Guide to Its History and Message (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2010), 65–66.
43. Norman L. Geisler, A Popular Survey of the New Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 2014), 123.
44. Berkhof, New Testament Introduction, 135.
45. Klein, BI260 Interpreting New Testament Genres.
46. Walter A. Elwell and Robert W. Yarbrough, Encountering the New Testament: A Historical and Theological Survey, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2005), 348.
47. Berkhof, New Testament Introduction, 138.
48. Geisler, A Popular Survey of the New Testament, 123; Jeannine K. Brown, BI131 Introducing Literary Interpretation (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2015).
49. Klein, BI260 Interpreting New Testament Genres.
50. Ibid.
51. Ibid.
52. Paul N. Benware, Survey of the New Testament (Revised) (Chicago: Moody Press, 1990), 18–19.
53. John F. Walvoord, “Revelation,” in J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), vol. 2, 925.
54. G. K. Beale, The Book of Revelation: A Commentary on the Greek Text (Grand Rapids, MI; Carlisle, Cumbria: W.B. Eerdmans; Paternoster Press, 1999), 37.
55. Ryken, Words of Delight, 480.
56. Ibid.
57. Bruce B. Barton, Revelation, G. R. Osborne, ed. (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 2000), 1.
58. Beale, The Book of Revelation, 37.
59. Ibid., 39.
60. J. Ramsey Michaels, Interpreting the Book of Revelation, vol. 7 (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1992), 31–32.
61. William W. MacDonald, Believer’s Bible Commentary: Old and New Testaments, A. Farstad, ed. (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1995).
62. Baxter, Explore the Book, vol. 5, 102.
63. Ibid., 104.
64. Ibid., 104–5.
65. Ibid., 105.
66. Ibid., 106.
67. Klein, Blomberg, and Hubbard Jr., Introduction to Biblical Interpretation, 114.
68. Edgar J. Goodspeed, The Formation of the New Testament, 2nd ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1927), 35, cited in Arthur G. Patzia, The Making of the New Testament: Origin, Collection, Text & Canon (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2011), 177.
69. Baxter, Explore the Book, vol. 5, 1,202.
70. Ibid.
71. Ibid., 107–9.
72. Dale Leschert, The Flow of the New Testament (Fearn, Great Britain: Christian Focus Publications, 2002), 21.
73. Baxter, Explore the Book, vol. 5, 110.
74. Kenneth O. Gangel, John, vol. 4 (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2000), 23.
75. Benware, Survey of the New Testament (Revised), 18.
76. Roy B. Zuck, A Biblical Theology of the Old Testament, electronic ed. (Chicago: Moody Press, 1991), 32.
77. John F. MacArthur Jr., “The Sabbath of Moses,” in John MacArthur Sermon Archive (Panorama City, CA: Grace to You, 2014).
78. Larry Richards, The 365 Day Devotional Commentary (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1990), 54; Paul P. Enns, The Moody Handbook of Theology (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1989), 57; Charles Fred Lincoln, The Biblical Covenants, Part 2, Bibliotheca Sacra, 1943, 100: 448.
79. John F. MacArthur Jr., “The Sabbath Question: The Nature of the Old Covenant,” in John MacArthur Sermon Archive.
80. Arnold G. Fruchtenbaum, The Messianic Bible Study Collection (Tustin, CA: Ariel Ministries, 1983), vol. 21, 18.
81. Vern S. Poythress, The Shadow of Christ in the Law of Moses (Phillipsburg, NJ. . . . Publishing, 1991), 43.
82. David M. Howard, “The Historical Books,” in John D. Barry et al., Faithlife Study Bible (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2012).
83. Craig A. Blaising and Darrell L. Progressive Dispensationalism (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1993), 194.
84. M. S. Mills, Genesis: A Study Guide to the Book of Genesis (Dallas: 3E Ministries, 1998).
85. Michael P. V. Barrett, Beginning at Moses: A Guide to Finding Christ in the Old Testament (Greenville, SC; Belfast, Northern Ireland: Ambassador-Emerald International, 2001), 125.
86. Mark Dever and Graeme Goldsworthy, The Message of the Old Testament: Promises Made (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2006).
87. Paul R. Williamson, Sealed with an Oath (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2007), 94.
88. Craig A. Blaising and Darrell L. Bock, Progressive Dispensationalism (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1993), 151.
89. Walter C. Kaiser, The Promise-Plan of God: A Biblical Theology of the Old and New Testaments (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2008), 393.
90. Benware, Survey of the New Testament (Revised), 19.
91. Kaiser, The Promise-Plan of God, 19.
92. Roy B. Zuck et al., A Biblical Theology of the Old Testament, electronic ed. (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1991), 12–13.
93. Willis Judson Beecher, The Prophets and the Promise, (Ancaster, ON: Alev Books, 2011), 99–102.
94. Ibid., 100–1.
95. Ibid.
96. Ibid.
97. Ibid., 101.
98. Ibid.
99. Ibid., 102.
100. Ibid., 103.
CHAPTER 4: THE GOSPELS: FOUR PERSPECTIVES, ONE MESSAGE
1. John Blanchard, in The Complete Gathered Gold: A Treasury of Quotations for Christians (Webster, New York; Darlington, England: Evangelical Press, 2006), 263.
2. J. Sidlow Baxter, Baxter’s Explore the Book, Kindle ed. (Zondervan, 2010), 1,210.
3. Ibid.
4. Benjamin Franklin, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, in C. W. Eliot, ed., The Harvard Classics 1: The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, The Journal of John Woolman, and the Fruits of Solitude by William Penn (New York: P. F. Collier & Son, 1909), 106.
5. George Whitefield, The Works of the Reverend George Whitefield (London: Edward and Charles Dilly. 1772), vol. 6, 79–81.
6. Ibid., 81–83.
7. Carl F. H. Henry, God, Revelation and Authority (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 1999), vol. 2, 17.
8. Baxter’s Explore the Book, 1,213.
9. Norman L. Geisler and Frank Turek, I Don’t Have Enough Faith to Be an Atheist (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 2004), 285.
10. Ibid.
11. J. Warner Wallace, Cold-Case Christianity: A Homicide Detective Investigates the Claims of the Gospels (David C. Cook, 2013), 82–83.
12. Michael Licona, AP113 Objections to the Gospels (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2016), Segment 43.
13. Darrell L. Bock, NT211 Introducing the Gospels and Acts: Their Background, Nature, and Purpose (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2014), Segment 29.
14. Charles H. Scobie, Ways of Our God: An Approach to Biblical Theology (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2002), 10.
15. Irenaeus of Lyons, “Irenêus against Heresies,” in A. Roberts, J. Donaldson, and A. C. Coxe, eds., The Apostolic Fathers with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus (Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Company, 1885), vol. 1, 3.11.8, page 428.
16. Ray Stedman, Adventuring through the New Testament, Kindle ed. (Discovery House Publishers, 2011), Kindle Location 167–182.
17. Robert Hawker, in The Poor Man’s Concordance and Dictionary to the Sacred Scriptures (London: Ebenezer Palmer, 1828), 92.
18. Henry, God, Revelation, and Authority, vol. 2, 17.
19. Stedman, Adventuring through the New Testament, Kindle Location 182.
20. Paul J. Achtemeier, Harper & Row and Society of Biblical Literature, in Harper’s Bible Dictionary, 1st ed. (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1985), 286.
21. Simon J. Kistemaker and William Hendriksen, Exposition of the Book of Revelation (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), vol. 20, 190.
22. Dale Leschert, The Flow of the New Testament (Fearn, Great Britain: Christian Focus Publications, 2002), 29.
23. Baxter’s Explore the Book, 1,215.
24. Arthur W. Pink, Why Four Gospels? (Swengel, PA: Bible Truth Depot, 1921).
25. Stedman, Adventuring through the New Testament, Kindle Location 216.
26. Ibid., Kindle Location 231.
27. Leschert, The Flow of the New Testament, 29.
28. Richard B. Gardner, Matthew (Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1991), 428.
29. Ronald F. Youngblood, F. F. Bruce, and R. K. Harrison, Thomas Nelson Publishers, eds., in Nelson’s New Illustrated Bible Dictionary (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, Inc., 1995); Joe Blair, Introducing the New Testament (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman, 1994), 49.
30. Bock, NT211 Introducing the Gospels and Acts, Segment 29.
31. Douglas Mangum, The Lexham Glossary of Theology (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2014).
32. James D. G. Dunn and John W. Rogerson, eds., Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company 2003), 995.
33. K. R. Hughes, Markan Hypothesis, in J. D. Barry et al., eds., The Lexham Bible Dictionary (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2016).
34. Cliff McManis, Christian Living Beyond Belief: Biblical Principles for the Life of Faith (The Woodlands, TX: Kress Christian Publications, 2006), 132–37.
35. R. Kent Hughes, Luke: That You May Know the Truth (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 1998), 336–37.
36. Walter A. Elwell and Philip W. Comfort, “Atonement,” in Tyndale Bible Dictionary (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 2001), 129.
37. Eugene E. Carpenter and Philip W. Comfort, in Holman Treasury of Key Bible Words: 200 Greek and 200 Hebrew Words Defined and Explained (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2000), 370. Alan Cairns, in Dictionary of Theological Terms (Belfast; Greenville, SC: Ambassador Emerald International, 2002), 348.
38. M. G. Easton, in Easton’s Bible Dictionary (New York: Harper & Brothers, 2016).
39. Cliff McManis, Christian Living Beyond Belief: Biblical Principles for the Life of Faith (The Woodlands, TX: Kress Christian Publications, 2006), 134.
40. Charles H. Spurgeon, Christ in the Old Testament: Sermons on the Foreshadowing of Our Lord in Old Testament History, Ceremony, and Prophecy, electronic ed. (Chattanooga, TN: AMG Publishers, 1997), 370.
41. John Blanchard, in The Complete Gathered Gold: A Treasury of Quotations for Christians (Webster, New York; Darlington, England: Evangelical Press, 2006), 343.
42. Ibid.
43. Ibid., 201.
44. Ibid.
45. B. Kennedy Repentance, in J. D. Barry et al., eds., The Lexham Bible Dictionary.
46. Walter A. Elwell and B. J. Beitzel, in Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1988).
47. Elmer L. Towns, “Salvation by Grace through Faith,” Conservative Theological Journal 7, no. 20, (2003), 38.
48. John F. MacArthur Jr., The MacArthur Bible Handbook (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2003), 303.
49. Craig L. Blomberg, Matthew (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), vol. 22, 34.
50. John Nolland, “Preface,” in The Gospel of Matthew: A Commentary on the Greek text (Grand Rapids, MI; Carlisle: W.B. Eerdmans; Paternoster Press, 2005), 18.
51. Craig A. Evans, NT314 Book Study: The Gospel of Matthew in Its Jewish Context (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2014), Segment 5.
52. Donald A. Hagner, Matthew 1–13 (Dallas: Word, Incorporated, 1998), vol. 33A, ixiv.
53. H. N. Ridderbos, Kingdom of God, “Kingdom of Heaven,” in D. R. W. Wood et al., eds., New Bible Dictionary, 3rd ed. (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1996), 647.
54. L. A. Barbieri Jr., “Matthew,” in J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985).
55. O. Brooks, “Matthew, Gospel of,” in C. Brand et al., eds., Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary (Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers, 2003), 1,091.
56. Roger Hahn, Matthew: A Commentary for Bible Students (Indianapolis, IN: Wesleyan Publishing House, 2007), 34.
57. J. Cate, “Matthew, Gospel of,” in J. D. Barry et al., eds., The Lexham Bible Dictionary.
58. J. D. Grassmick, “Mark,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 95.
59. MacArthur Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible (Nashville, TN: Word Pub., 1997), 1,452.
60. Geisler and Turek, I Don’t Have Enough Faith to Be an Atheist, 241.
61. David Smith, Mark: A Commentary for Bible Students (Indianapolis, IN: Wesleyan Publishing House, 2007), 33; J. D. Grassmick, “Mark,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 99, and Crossway Bibles The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1,890.
62. Word in Life Study Bible, electronic ed. (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 1996).
63. MacArthur Jr., The MacArthur Bible Handbook, 288.
64. Edmond D. Hiebert, The Gospel of Mark: An Expositional Commentary (Greenville, SC: Bob Jones University Press, 1994), 12.
65. Crossway Bibles The ESV Study Bible, 1,890.
66. Ibid.
67. K. R. MacGregor, “Mark, Gospel of,” in J. D. Barry et al., eds., The Lexham Bible Dictionary.
68. John D. Barry et al., Faithlife Study Bible (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012–1016).
69. MacGregor, “Mark, Gospel of,” in J. D. Barry et al., eds., The Lexham Bible Dictionary.
70. Crossway Bibles The ESV Study Bible, 1,935.
71. Geisler and Turek I Don’t Have Enough Faith to Be an Atheist, 240.
72. Craig A. Evans, NT319 Book Study: The Gospel of Luke in Its Gentile Context (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2016), Segment 2.
73. MacArthur Jr., The MacArthur Bible Handbook, 290.
74. Stedman, Adventuring through the New Testament, Kindle Locations 1055–56.
75. Evans, NT319 Book Study: The Gospel of Luke, Segment 3.
76. Ibid.
77. D. S. Huffman, “Luke, Gospel of,” in J. D. Barry et al., eds., The Lexham Bible Dictionary.
78. Evans, NT319 Book Study: The Gospel of Luke, Segment 3.
79. MacArthur Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible, 1,505.
80. E. A. Blum, “John,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 266.
81. MacArthur Jr., The MacArthur Bible Handbook, 341; E. A. Blum, “John,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 266.
82. Leon Morris, The Gospel According to John (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1995), 29.
83. Bruce B. Barton, John (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1993), xiii.
84. John D. Barry et al., Faithlife Study Bible (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012–1016).
85. MacArthur Jr., The MacArthur Bible Handbook, 290; Blum, “John,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 266.
86. Barry et al., Faithlife Study Bible (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012–1016).
87. Bruce B. Barton, John (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1993), viii–ix.
88. Fulton J. Sheen, Life of Christ (Doubleday Religious Publishing Group, Kindle Edition, 2008), 6.
89. Bock, NT211 Introducing the Gospels and Acts, Segments 11–16.
90. I got much of the material for this summary from several sources other than the Bible itself: D. S. Dockery et al. and Holman Bible Publishers, Holman Bible Handbook (Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers, 1992), 572; T. D. Lea and D. A. Black, The New Testament: Its Background and Message, 2nd ed. (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2003).
91. L. O. Richards, The Bible Reader’s Companion, electronic ed. (Wheaton: Victor Books, 1991), 600.
92. Henry Hampton Halley, Halley’s Bible Handbook with the New International Version, completely rev. and expanded (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 2000), 513.
93. Ibid., 514.
94. Halley, Halley’s Bible Handbook, 513–514.
95. Ibid.
96. Bruce B. Barton and G. R. Osborne, Life Application Bible Commentary. . . . Corinthians (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 37.
97. Mark Dever and John F. MacArthur Jr., The Message of the New Testament: Promises Kept (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 2005).
98. Bruce Edward Gordon, The Life of Jesus Christ, Promised Messiah, Servant of God, Son Of Man, Son of God (Self Published through Lulu Publishing, 2011), 11.
99. Powell, Introducing the New Testament, 77.
100. D. A. Carson, ed., NIV Zondervan Study Bible: Built on the Truth of Scripture and Centered on the Gospel Message (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2015), 2,876.
CHAPTER 5: FROM JESUS’ BIRTH TO HIS INITIAL TEACHINGS
1. John Blanchard, in The Complete Gathered Gold: A Treasury of Quotations for Christians (Webster, New York; Darlington, England: Evangelical Press, 2006), 262.
2. S. Hahn, “Covenant,” in J. D. Barry et al., eds., The Lexham Bible Dictionary (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012, 2013, 2014); Charles C. Ryrie, Ryrie Study Bible: New International Version, expanded ed. (Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers, 1994), 462.
3. J. A. Martin, “Luke,” in J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), vol. 2, 212–13.
4. Ibid., 213.
5. Donald S. Fortner, Discovering Christ in All the Scriptures (Danville, KY: Don Fortner, 2007), 440.
6. Mark E. Moore, The Chronological Life of Christ (Joplin, MO: College Press Publishing Company, 2011), 49.
7. Ibid., 51.
8. Thomas A. Golding, “The Imagery of Shepherding in the Bible,” Part 1, Bibliotheca Sacra, 163 (Dallas Theological Seminary, 2011).
9. Robert H. Stein, Luke, vol. 24 (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 117.
10. Roy E. Gingrich, The Earthly Life of Christ (Volume II) (Memphis, TN: Riverside Printing, 2002), 7.
11. E. A. Blum, “John,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 300.
12. Moore, The Chronological Life of Christ, 66.
13. Frederic Louis Godet, A Commentary on the Gospel of St. Luke, E. W. Shalders and M. D. Cusin, trans. (New York: I. K. Funk & co, 1881), vol. 1, 147.
14. Moore, The Chronological Life of Christ, 70.
15. John F. Walvoord, Jesus Christ Our Lord (Galaxie Software, 2008), 98.
16. Gerhard A. Krodel, Acts (Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Publishing House, 1986), 32.
17. Wayne A. Grudem, The Gift of Prophecy, (Wheaton: IL: Crossway, 2000).
18. Gingrich, The Earthly Life of Christ, 5.
19. David M. Levy, Malachi: Messenger of Rebuke and Renewal (Bellmawr, NJ: Friends of Israel Gospel Ministry, 1992); Robert J. Utley, Hope in Hard Times—The Final Curtain: Revelation (Marshall, TX: Bible Lessons International, 2001), vol. 12, 6; Gingrich, The Earthly Life of Christ (Volume Two), 3.
20. F. F. Bruce, New Testament History (New York, New York: Doubleday, 1969), 155.
21. Ibid., 156.
22. John Nolland, “Preface,” in The Gospel of Matthew: A Commentary on the Greek Text (Grand Rapids, MI; Carlisle: W.B. Eerdmans; Paternoster Press, 2005), 175.
23. Paul J. Achtemeier, Harper & Row and Society of Biblical Literature, in Harper’s Bible Dictionary, 1st ed. (San Francisco: Harper & Row Crossway Bibles, 1985), 528; The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008); J. D. Barry et al., Faithlife Study Bible (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012, 2016).
24. S. M. Sheeley, Kingdom of God, Kingdom of Heaven, in D. N. Freedman, A. C. Myers, and A. B. Beck, eds., Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: W.B. Eerdmans 2000), 768.
25. D. A. Carson, “Matthew,” in T. Longman III and D. E. Garland, eds., The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Matthew–Mark (Revised Edition) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2010), vol. 9, 128.
26. K. A. Kitchen and T. C. Mitchell, “Chronology of the Old Testament,” in D. R. W. Wood et al., eds., New Bible Dictionary, 3rd ed. (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1996).
27. Ibid.
28. F. F. Bruce, New Testament History (New York, NY: Doubleday, 1969), 158.
29. Donald S. Fortner, Discovering Christ in All the Scriptures (Danville, KY: Don Fortner, 2007), 443.
30. Other New Testament illustrations of the Trinity are: Matt. 28:19; John 15:26; 1 Cor. 12:4–13; 2 Cor. 13:13; Eph. 2:18; 1 Thess. 1:2–5; 1 Peter 1:2. Bruce B. Barton, D. Veerman, L. C. Taylor, and G. R. Osborne, Luke (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1997), 76.
31. Robert H. Stein, Luke (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), vol. 24, 139.
32. Norval Geldenhuys, Commentary on the Gospel of Luke: The English Text with Introduction, Exposition and Notes (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1952), 146.
33. William Hendriksen, and S. J. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Gospel According to Luke (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), vol. 11, 217.
34. Bruce Barton et al., Life Application New Testament Commentary (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale, 2001), 255.
35. John J. MacArthur, ed., The MacArthur Study Bible, electronic ed. (Nashville, TN: Word Pub., 1997), 19; Patricia A. Ennis, Clyde P. Greer, Jr., Grant Horner, John A. Hughes, Taylor B. Jones, John F. MacArthur, Jr., et al Think Biblically! Recovering a Christian Worldview (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2003); Bruce Barton, Philip W. Comfort, Grant R. Osborne, Linda K. Taylor and Dave Veerman, Life Application New Testament Commentary (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale, 2001), 19.
36. Bruce Barton, Philip W. Comfort, Grant R. Osborne, Linda K. Taylor and Dave Veerman, Life Application New Testament Commentary (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale, 2001), 1085–1086.
37. Daniel L. Akin, The New American Commentary, 1, 2, 3 John (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2001), vol. 38, 213.
38. Walvoord and Zuck, The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 891.
39. Charles C. Ryrie, Ryrie Study Bible: New International Version, expanded ed. (Chicago: Moody Publishers, 1994), 1927; and MacArthur Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible, electronic ed., 1974.
40. Werner H. Franzmann, Bible History Commentary: New Testament, electronic ed. (Milwaukee, WI: WELS Board for Parish Education, 1998), 67.
41. Thomas Hale, The Applied New Testament Commentary (Colorado Springs, CO; Ontario, Canada; East Sussex, England: David C. Cook, 1996), 143.
42. Edersheim is not suggesting here that Satan is of equal but opposite power with God, just that He persistently opposes God and His Kingdom.
43. Alfred Edersheim, The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah (New York: Longmans, Green, and Co, 1896), Volume 1, 291.
44. Ibid., 292.
45. Ibid., 292.
46. Charles Foster Kent, The Life and Teachings of Jesus: According to the Earliest Records (New York; Chicago; Boston: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1913), 69.
47. Ibid.
48. Bruce L. Shelley, Church History in Plain Language, updated 2nd ed. (Dallas, TX: Word Pub., 1995), 3.
49. E. A. Blum, “John,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 275.
50. Ibid., 275–276.
51. Gerald L. Borchert, John 1–11 (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), vol. 25A, 157.
52. Ibid., 155–56.
53. Kenneth O. Gangel, John (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2000), vol. 4, 29–30.
54. Moore, The Chronological Life of Christ, 90.
55. M. B. Winstead, “Capernaum,” in J. D. Barry et al., eds., The Lexham Bible Dictionary (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2016).
56. Moore, The Chronological Life of Christ, 91.
57. Borchert, John 1–11, vol. 25A, 161.
58. MacArthur Jr., ed., The MacArthur Study Bible, electronic ed., 1,579.
59. Leon Morris, The Gospel According to John (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1995), 167–168.
60. E. A. Blum, “John,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 280.
61. Bruce B. Barton John (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1993), 47.
62. Walter A. Elwell, and B. J. Beitzel, In Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1988).
63. Robert G. Tuttle, Sanctity without Starch (Bristol Books, 1992), 127.
64. E. A. Blum, “John,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 282.
65. Kenneth O. Gangel, John (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2000), vol. 4, 54.
66. Bruce B. Barton John (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1993), 63.
67. Gangel, John, vol. 4, 55.
68. Paul J. Achtemeier, Harper & Row and Society of Biblical Literature, (1985). In Harper’s Bible Dictionary, 1st ed. (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1985), 207.
69. E. A. Blum, “John,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 272.
70. MacArthur, ed., The MacArthur Study Bible, electronic ed., 1582; E. A. Blum, “John,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 282.
71. E. A. Blum, “John,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 283.
72. See MacArthur, ed., The MacArthur Study Bible, electronic ed., 1582.
73. Moore, The Chronological Life of Christ, 104.
74. Borchert, John 1–11, vol. 25A, 206–7.
75. A. H. J. Gunneweg, M. Awerbuch, and C. A. Kimball, “Israel,” in The Encyclopedia of Christianity (Grand Rapids, MI; Leiden, Netherlands: Wm. B. Eerdmans; Brill, 1999–2003), vol. 2, 772; Moore, The Chronological Life of Christ, 107.
76. E. A. Blum, “John,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 286.
77. Morris, The Gospel According to John, 241.
78. Lee Martin McDonald, The Story of Jesus in History and Faith (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2013), 205.
79. Warren W. Wiersbe, Wiersbe’s Expository Outlines on the New Testament (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1992), 156.
80. Robert H. Stein, Luke (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), vol. 24, 156.
81. John A. Martin, “Luke,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 214.
82. Darrell L. Bock, Luke: 1:1–9:50 (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 1994), vol. 1, 419.
83. Moore, The Chronological Life of Christ, 117–18.
84. Alfred Edersheim, The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah (New York: Longmans, Green, and Co, 1896), Volume 1, 451.
85. James R. Edwards, The Gospel according to Mark (Grand Rapids, MI; Leicester, England: Eerdmans; Apollos, 2002), 64.
86. M. A. Powell, ed., in The HarperCollins Bible Dictionary (Revised and Updated, Third Edition) (New York: HarperCollins, 2011), 628, 629.
87. James R. Edwards, The Gospel according to Mark (Grand Rapids, MI; Leicester, England: Eerdmans; Apollos, 2002), 64.
88. Sigurd Grindheim, God’s Equal: What Can We Know about Jesus’ Self-Understanding?, M. Goodacre, ed. (London; New York: T&T Clark, 2011), vol. 446, 1.
89. Ibid., 2–3.
90. Paul W. Barnett, Jesus and the Rise of Early Christianity: A History of New Testament Times (Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 1999), 202.
91. Ibid.
92. Moore, The Chronological Life of Christ, 119.
93. Nolland, “Preface,” in The Gospel of Matthew, 175.
94. K. A. Kitchen, and T. C. Mitchell, “Chronology of the Old Testament,” in D. R. W. Wood et al., eds., New Bible Dictionary, 3rd ed. (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1996).
95. Paul J. Achtemeier, Harper & Row and Society of Biblical Literature, In Harper’s Bible Dictionary, 1st ed. (San Francisco: Harper & Row Crossway Bibles, 1985), 528.
96. Walter A. Elwell, B. J. Beitzel, In Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1988), Volume 2, 1269.
97. Ibid., 1,275.
98. Ibid.
99. Douglas J. Moo, NT305 New Testament Theology (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press), Segment 23.
100. Douglas J. Moo, NT305 New Testament Theology (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press), Segment 23.
101. C. C. Caragounis, “Kingdom of God/Kingdom of Heaven,” in J. B. Green and S. McKnight, eds., Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1992), 417.
102. J. Daniel Hays, et al, In Dictionary of Biblical Prophecy and End Times (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 2007), 22.
103. This idea is partially expressed in Stan Norman with Peter Gentry, “Kingdom of God,” in C. Brand et al., eds., Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary (Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers, 2003), 989.
104. Craig S. Keener et al, NT146 The Arrival of Christ and His Kingdom (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2016), Segment 19.
105. J. Daniel Hays, et al, In Dictionary of Biblical Prophecy and End Times (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 2007), 22.
106. Ibid., 23.
107. See Charles Price, Matthew: Can Anything Good Come Out of Nazareth? (Fearn, Great Britain: Christian Focus Publications. 1998), 54; Arthur K. Robertson, Matthew. (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1983), 34; L. A. Barbieri Jr., “Matthew,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 27; D. A. Carson, “Matthew,” in T. Longman III and D. E. Garland, eds., The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Matthew–Mark (Revised Edition) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2010), vol. 9, 147.
108. H. I. Hester, The Heart of the New Testament (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1963), 139.
109. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible.
110. Hester, The Heart of the New Testament, 139.
111. Leon Morris, The Gospel According to Matthew (Grand Rapids, MI; Leicester, England: W.B. Eerdmans; Inter-Varsity Press, 1992), 84.
112. Ajith Fernando, The Supremacy of Christ (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 1995), 39.
113. W. W. Wessel and M. L. Strauss, “Mark,” in T. Longman III and D. E. Garland, eds., The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Matthew–Mark (Revised Edition) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2010), vol. 9, 716.
114. William Hendriksen and S. J. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Gospel According to Mark (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), vol. 10, 71–72.
CHAPTER 6: FROM “CATCHING MEN” TO THE GOLDEN RULE
1. David Martyn Lloyd-Jones, From Fear to Faith (London: Intervarsity Press, 1953), 23–24.
2. R. A. Cole, “Mark,” in D. A. Carson, R. T. France, J. A. Motyer, and G. J. Wenham, eds., New Bible Commentary: 21st Century Edition, 4th ed. (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: Inter-Varsity Press, 1994), 953.
3. J. A. Martin, “Luke,” in J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), vol. 2, 215–16.
4. “Leprosy,” in Compton’s Encyclopedia (Chicago, IL: Compton’s Encyclopedia, 2015).
5. William Hendriksen and S. J. Kistemaker Exposition of the Gospel According to Matthew (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), vol. 9, 388.
6. L. A. Barbieri Jr., “Matthew,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 37.
7. Craig S. Keener, The IVP Bible Background Commentary: New Testament (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1993).
8. Paul, for example, heals a cripple at Lystra (Acts 14:10). Robert H. Stein, Luke (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), vol. 24, 177.
9. John F. MacArthur Jr., ed., The MacArthur Study Bible (electronic ed.) (Nashville, TN: Word Pub, 1997), 1,522.
10. Stein, Luke, vol. 24, 177.
11. Kurt A. Richardson, James (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1997), vol. 36, 233–34; J. Reiling and J. L. Swellengrebel, A Handbook on the Gospel of Luke (New York: United Bible Societies, 1993), 241.
12. Richardson, James, vol. 36, 233–34.
13. G. H. Twelftree, Signs and Wonders. In T. D. Alexander and B. S. Rosner (Eds.), New Dictionary of Biblical Theology (electronic ed.) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2000), 778.
14. Larry Richards, Every Miracle in the Bible (Nashville: T. Nelson, 1998), 261.
15. Gerhard A. Krodel, Acts (Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Publishing House, 1986), 28.
16. Crossway Bibles. The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1831, 1837.
17. Bruce B. Barton, et al, Life Application New Testament Commentary (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale, 2001), 44.
18. R. T. France, The Gospel of Matthew (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publication Co, 2007), 351–352.
19. Bruce B. Barton, et al, Life Application New Testament Commentary (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale, 2001), 44.
20. David L. Turner, Matthew (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2008), 252.
21. Douglas Sean O’Donnell, Matthew: All Authority in Heaven and on Earth (R. K. Hughes, Ed.), (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2013), 241.
22. James Luther Mays, (Ed.), Harper’s Bible Commentary (San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1988), 1022.
23. John D. Barry, et al, Faithlife Study Bible (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012, 2016).
24. H. Ronald Vandermey and Gary Cohen, (1981). Hosea and Amos (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1981), 47; R. Carroll, M. D., “Hosea,” in T. Longman III and D. E. Garland, eds., The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Daniel–Malachi (Revised Edition) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan 2008), vol. 8, 257.
25. Douglas R. A. Hare, Matthew (Louisville, KY: John Knox Press, 1993), 102.
26. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1837.
27. L. A. Barbieri, Matthew, in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 39.
28. D. A. Carson, “Matthew,” in T. Longman III and D. E. Garland, eds., The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Matthew–Mark (Revised Edition) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2010), vol. 9, 266.
29. Ibid.
30. Ibid.
31. Ibid.
32. William Hendriksen and S. J. Kistemaker Exposition of the Gospel According to Matthew (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), vol. 9, 428.
33. Crossway Bibles. The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1837.
34. Craig S. Keener, The Gospel of John: A Commentary & 2 (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2012), vol. 1, 646.
35. Charles H. Spurgeon, Spurgeon’s Sermons, electronic ed. (Albany, OR: Ages Software, 1998), vol. 44, no. 2568.
36. Crossway Bibles. The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2031.
37. William Hendriksen and S. J. Kistemaker Exposition of the Gospel According to John (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), vol. 1–2, 195.
38. E. A. Blum, “John,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 290.
39. Ibid., 291–92.
40. Crossway Bibles. The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2032.
41. Ibid.
42. R. C. H. Lenski, The Interpretation of St. Luke’s Gospel (Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Publishing House, 1961), 326.
43. A. K. Robertson, Matthew (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1983), 64.
44. Crossway Bibles. The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1844.
45. L. A. Barbieri Jr., “Matthew,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 45.
46. John G. Butler, Analytical Bible Expositor: Matthew (Clinton, IA: LBC Publications, 2008), 201.
47. Bruce B. Barton, Matthew (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1996), 234.
48. Lynn H. Cohick, NT101 Introducing New Testament: Its Structure and Story (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2013), Segment 8.
49. Spurgeon, Spurgeon’s Sermons, electronic ed. vol. 44, no. 2568.
50. Mark E. Moore, The Chronological Life of Christ (Joplin, MO: College Press Publishing Company, 2011), 155.
51. Hendriksen and Kistemaker Exposition of the Gospel According to Matthew, vol. 9, 522.
52. Walter A. Elwell, and Douglas Buckwalter, Topical Analysis of the Bible: with the New International Version (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1996), vol. 5.
53. See Matt. 3:16–17; Matt. 12:18; Matt. 12:28; Matt. 22:43–44; Matt. 28:19; Luke 1:35; Luke 3:21; Luke 24:49; John 1:33–34; John 3:34–35; John 14:11–26; John 15:26; John 16:7–15; John 20:21–22; Acts 2:32–33, 38–39; Acts 10:36–38; Rom. 8:9–11, 26–27; Rom. 15:16; 1 Cor. 6:15, 19; 1 Cor. 12:4–6; 2 Cor. 1:20–22; 2 Cor. 13:14; Gal. 4:4, 6; Eph. 2:13, 18, 22; Eph. 3:14–19; Eph. 4:4–6; 2 Thess. 2:13–14; Titus 3:4–6; Heb. 9:14; 1 Pet. 1:2; 1 Pet. 3:18; 1 John 4:2, 13–14; Jude 20–21, cited in Elwell and Buckwalter, Topical Analysis of the Bible, vol. 5.
54. Crossway Bibles. The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1,827.
55. Craig S. Keener, Matthew, vol. 1, IN IVP New Testament Commentary (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1997).
56. Ibid.
57. Timothy J. Keller, “The Love of Christ,” August 25, 1991, In The Timothy Keller Sermon Archive (New York City: Redeemer Presbyterian Church, 2013).
58. Samuel L. Hoyt, Michigan Theological Journal, (Michigan Theological Seminary, Electronic Copyright, 2009), vol. 3, no. 2, 177.
59. T. P. Jenney, Sanctify, Sanctification, In D. N. Freedman, A. C. Myers, and A. B. Beck (Eds.), Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: W.B. Eerdmans, 2000) 1165.
60. J. C. Kuo, Sermon on the Mount/Plain, In J. D. Barry, D. Bomar, D. R. Brown, R. Klippenstein, D. Mangum, C. Sinclair Wolcott, . . . W. Widder (Eds.), The Lexham Bible Dictionary (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2016).
61. D. A. Carson, D. Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount and His Confrontation with the World: An Exposition of Matthew 5–10 (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 1999), 12.
62. Ibid.
63. Ibid., 14.
64. Leon Morris, The Gospel According to Matthew (Grand Rapids, MI; Leicester, England: W.B. Eerdmans; Inter-Varsity Press, 1992), 179.
65. Crossway Bibles. The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1827.
66. Leland Ryken, et al Ryken, In Dictionary of biblical imagery (electronic ed.) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2000), 82.
67. Crossway Bibles. The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1827.
68. John D. Barry, et al, Faithlife Study Bible (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012, 2016).
69. John F. MacArthur, Jr. (Ed.), The MacArthur Study Bible (electronic ed.) (Nashville, TN: Word Pub, 1997), 1399.
70. Barbieri Jr., “Matthew,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 29.
71. Crossway Bibles. The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1827; D. A. Carson, D. Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount and His Confrontation with the World: An Exposition of Matthew 5–10 (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 1999), 17–18.
72. D. A. Carson, D. Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount and His Confrontation with the World: An Exposition of Matthew 5–10 (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 1999), 18.
73. Ibid.,19.
74. John D. Barry, et al, Faithlife Study Bible (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012, 2016).
75. D. A. Carson, D. Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount and His Confrontation with the World: An Exposition of Matthew 5–10 (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 1999), 20.
76. Ibid., 23.
77. Ibid., 24.
78. Crossway Bibles. The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1828.
79. Bruce Barton et al., Life Application New Testament Commentary (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale, 2001), 24.
80. D. A. Carson, “The Gospels and Acts,” in D. A. Carson, ed., NIV Zondervan Study Bible: Built on the Truth of Scripture and Centered on the Gospel Message (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2015), 1,937.
81. Barton et al., Life Application New Testament Commentary, 24.
82. D. A. Carson, D. Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount and His Confrontation with the World: An Exposition of Matthew 5–10 (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 1999), 27.
83. Barbieri Jr., “Matthew,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 29.
84. D. A. Carson, D. Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount and His Confrontation with the World: An Exposition of Matthew 5–10 (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 1999), 29.
85. Craig Blomberg, Matthew (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), vol. 22, 101.
86. Craig A. Evans, NT314 Book Study: The Gospel of Matthew in Its Jewish Context (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2014), Segment 23.
87. Crossway Bibles. The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1829.
88. Moore, The Chronological Life of Christ, 177.
89. Ibid., 185.
90. Bryan Chapell, Praying Backwards: Transform Your Prayer Life By Beginning in Jesus’ Name (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 2005), 187.
91. Derek W. H. Thomas, Acts. (R. D. Phillips, P. G. Ryken, and D. M. Doriani, Eds.) (Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R Publishing, 2011), 108.
92. Bob Utley, The Gospel According to Luke (Marshall, TX: Bible Lessons International, 2004), vol. 3A.
93. D. A. Carson, D. Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount and His Confrontation with the World: An Exposition of Matthew 5–10 (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 1999), 91.
94. Ibid., 92.
95. John R. W. Stott, The Message of the Sermon On the Mount (Matthew 5–7): Christian Counter-culture (Leicester; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1985), 175.
96. Frank Turek, Stealing from God: Why Atheists Need God to Make Their Case (NavPress, Kindle Edition, 2014), Kindle Location 3181.
97. Ibid., Kindle Location 3176.
98. John R. W. Stott, The Message of the Sermon On the Mount (Matthew 5–7): Christian Counter-culture (Leicester; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1985), 175-176.
99. Ibid., 176.
100. Ibid.
101. Ibid., 177.
102. Ibid., 188-189.
103. John R. W. Stott, The Message of the Sermon On the Mount (Matthew 5-7): Christian Counter-culture (Leicester; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1985), 189.
104. The Sermon on the Mount by Joachim Jeremias (the Ethel M. Wood Lecture delivered before the University of London on 7 March 1961: University of London, Athlone Press, 1961), 96, 97, as quoted in John R. W. Stott, The Message of the Sermon On the Mount (Matthew 5-7): Christian Counter-culture (Leicester; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1985), 185.
105. John R. W. Stott, The Message of the Sermon On the Mount (Matthew 5-7): Christian Counter-culture (Leicester; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1985), 185.
106. Ibid.
107. Brennan Manning, and Jon Foreman, Abba’s Child: the Cry of the Heart for Intimate Belonging (Colorado Springs, CO: NavPress, 2015).
108. Joachim Jeremias, The Parables of Jesus (New York: Scribner, 1970), 128.
109. Manning, and Foreman, Abba’s Child.
110. Ibid.
111. Henri J. M. Nouwen, Life of the Beloved: Spiritual Living in a Secular World (New York: Crossroad, 1992), 21.
112. Manning, and Foreman, Abba’s Child.
113. Georges Bernanos, Diary of a Country Priest (New York: Sheed and Ward, 1936), 178; Brennan Manning, and Jon Foreman, Abba’s Child: the Cry of the Heart for Intimate Belonging (Colorado Springs, CO: NavPress, 2015).
114. Brennan Manning, Ruthless Trust, the Ragamuffin’s Path to God, (San Francisco, CA: HarperSanFrancisco, 2000), 15.
115. Manning, and Foreman, Abba’s Child.
116. Moore, The Chronological Life of Christ, 195.
117. Barbieri Jr., “Matthew,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 34.
CHAPTER 7: FROM HEALING A CENTURION’S SERVANT TO CONFRONTATIONS WITH PHARISEES
1. Will Durant, The Story of Civilization, Vol. 3, Caesar and Christ (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1972), 557.
2. Bruce B. Barton, Matthew (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1996), 155.
3. NIV Cultural Backgrounds Study Bible, (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2016), 1759.
4. Bruce B. Barton, D. Veerman, L. C. Taylor, and G. R. Osborne, Luke (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1997), 177.
5. Valesius, Life of Eusebius Pamphilus. In Parker S.E. (Trans.), An Ecclesiastical History to the 20th Year of the Reign of Constantine (London: Samuel Bagster and Sons, 1847), 146.
6. Mark E. Moore, The Chronological Life of Christ (Joplin, MO: College Press Publishing Company, 2011), 204.
7. R. Kent Hughes, Luke: That You May Know the Truth (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 1998), 262.
8. L. A. Barbieri Jr., “Matthew,” in J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), vol. 2, 43.
9. Craig L. Blomberg, Matthew (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), vol. 22, 185.
10. John Peter Lange and J. J. van Oosterzee, A Commentary on the Holy Scriptures: Luke (P. Schaff and C. C. Starbuck, Trans.) (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2008), 59.
11. Bruce B. Barton, Matthew (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1996), 222, and Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1,843.
12. John D. Barry, Faithlife Study Bible (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012, 2016).
13. Thomas Hale, The Applied New Testament Commentary (Colorado Springs, CO; Ontario, Canada; East Sussex, England: David C. Cook. Crossway Bibles, 1996), 227; Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible, 1,843.
14. David L. Turner, Matthew (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2008), 330.
15. John F. MacArthur, Jr. (Ed.), The MacArthur Study Bible (electronic ed.) (Nashville, TN: Word Pub, 1997), 1416.
16. C. H. Dodd, The Parables of the Kingdom (London: Nisbet, 1935; New York: Scribner’s 1936), 16.
17. J. E. Miller, “Jesus, Parables of,” in J. D. Barry et al., eds., The Lexham Bible Dictionary (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2016).
18. Craig L. Blomberg, Interpreting the Parables (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1990), 30.
19. D. A. Carson, D. A. The Gospels and Acts. In D. A. Carson (Ed.), NIV Zondervan Study Bible: Built on the Truth of Scripture and Centered on the Gospel Message (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2015), 1956.
20. D. A. Carson, in F. E. Gaebelein, ed., The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Matthew, Mark, Luke (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House), vol. 8, 310.
21. Mark E. Moore, The Chronological Life of Christ (Joplin, MO: College Press Publishing Company, 2011), 226.
22. D. R. Sunukjian, “Amos,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 1, 1,448.
23. Michael P. Green, The Message of Matthew: the Kingdom of Heaven (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2001), 153.
24. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible, 1,848–49.
25. G. Campbell Morgan, The Parables of the Kingdom (New York; Chicago; Toronto; London; Edinburgh: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1907), 73–79.
26. Ibid., 82.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid., 77.
29. D. A. Carson, Matthew, In F. E. Gaebelein (Ed.), The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Matthew, Mark, Luke (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1984), vol. 8, 317–318.
30. Arthur K. Robertson, Matthew (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1983), 73.
31. Daniel M. Doriani, NT252 Parables of Jesus (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2014), Segment 9.
32. Arthur K. Robertson, Matthew (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1983), 73
33. Barbieri Jr., “Matthew,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 51.
34. Daniel M. Doriani, NT252 Parables of Jesus (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2014), Segment 11.
35. Barbieri Jr., “Matthew,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 51.
36. Daniel M. Doriani, NT252 Parables of Jesus (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2014), Segment 11.
37. Barbieri Jr., “Matthew,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 52.
38. Craig L. Blomberg, Matthew (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), vol. 22, 224.
39. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible, 1,849.
40. Ibid., 1850.
41. Charles H. Spurgeon, The Gospel of the Kingdom: A Commentary on the Book of Matthew (London: Passmore and Alabaster, 1893). 52.
42. Michael P. Green, The Message of Matthew: The Kingdom of Heaven (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2001), 119.
43. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible, 1,836.
44. John F. MacArthur, Jr. (Ed.), The MacArthur Study Bible (electronic ed.) (Nashville, TN: Word Pub, 1997), 1407.
45. D. M. May, Decapolis. In J. D. Barry, D. Bomar, D. R. Brown, R. Klippenstein, D. Mangum, C. Sinclair Wolcott, . . . W. Widder (Eds.), The Lexham Bible Dictionary (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2016).
46. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible, 1,848, 1,902.
47. John D. Barry, Faithlife Study Bible (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012, 2016).
48. J. D. Grassmick, “Mark,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 126.
49. John F. MacArthur, Jr. (Ed.), The MacArthur Study Bible (electronic ed.) (Nashville, TN: Word Pub, 1997), 1470.
50. Bruce B. Barton, Matthew (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1996), 194.
51. Barbieri Jr., “Matthew,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 41.
52. Bruce B. Barton, Matthew (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1996), 196.
53. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible, 1,848, 1,975.
54. Earl D. Radmacher, Ronald Barclay Allen, and H. Wayne House, The Nelson Study Bible: New King James Version (Nashville: T. Nelson Publishers, 1997).
55. Ibid..
56. Barbieri Jr., “Matthew,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 41.
57. G, F, Hasel, Dove. In G. W. Bromiley (Ed.), The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Revised (Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1979–1988), vol. 1, 988.
58. Marshall Shelley, Well-intentioned Dragons: Ministering to Problem People in the Church (Carol Stream, IL; Waco, TX: Christianity Today; Word Books, 1985), vol. 1, 62.
59. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible, 1,848, 1,840.
60. Craig Blomberg, Matthew (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), vol. 22, 176.
61. A. Gamble, December 14th: Christ the Divider of Households (Micah 7:6). In I. Steeds (Ed.), Day by Day: Christ Foreshadowed: Glimpses in the Old Testament (West Glamorgan, UK: Precious Seed, 2002), 363.
62. F. F. Bruce, New Testament History (New York, New York: Doubleday, 1969), 152.
63. Flavius Josephus, The Works of Josephus: Complete and Unabridged, William Whiston, trans., Antiquities, (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1987) 18.116–118.
64. H. W. Hoehner, Chronology, In J. B. Green and S. McKnight (Eds.), Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1992), 119; Walter A. Elwell, and B. J. Beitzel, In Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1988), 1183.
65. P. Borgen, Bread from Heaven (Leiden: Brill, 1965).
66. Barbieri Jr., “Matthew,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 54.
67. Larry Chouinard, Matthew (Joplin, MO: College Press, 1997).
68. Warren W. Wiersbe, Wiersbe’s Expository Outlines on the New Testament (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1992), 57–58.
69. Ray C. Stedman, Adventuring Through the New Testament, (Grand Rapids, MI: Discovery House Publishers, 2011), Kindle Location 1528 of 7729.
70. Grassmick, “Mark,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 132.
71. J. C. Ryle, Matthew (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 1993), 121.
72. William Hendriksen and S. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Gospel According to Mark (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), vol. 10, 264.
73. William L. Lane, The Gospel of Mark (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, 1974), 240–241.
74. William Hendriksen and S. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Gospel According to John (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), vol. 1, 232.
75. Bruce B. Barton, John (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1993), 139.
76. Gerald L. Borchert, John 1–11 (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), vol. 25A, 272.
77. Mark E. Moore, The Chronological Life of Christ (Joplin, MO: College Press Publishing Company, 2011), 280.
78. Matthew Henry and Thomas Scott, Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, 1997).
79. Grassmick, “Mark,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 133.
80. Ronald F. Youngblood, F. F. Bruce, and R. K. Harrison, Thomas Nelson Publishers (Eds.), In Nelson’s New Illustrated Bible Dictionary (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, Inc. Crossway Bibles, 1995); The ESV Study Bible, 1,907.
81. John D. Barry et al., Faithlife Study Bible (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012–2016).
82. Bruce B. Barton, Mark (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1994), 209.
83. Alfred Edersheim, The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah (New York: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1896), vol. 2, 41–42.
84. Donald English, The Message of Mark: the Mystery of Faith (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1992), 150–152.
85. Earl D. Radmacher, Ronald Barclay Allen, and H. Wayne House, The Nelson Study Bible: New King James Version (Nashville: T. Nelson Publishers, 1997).
86. Bruce B. Barton, Matthew (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1996), 311–312.
87. Walter W. Wessel, Mark. In F. E. Gaebelein (Ed.), The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Matthew, Mark, Luke (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1984), vol. 8, 686.
88. John F. MacArthur, Jr. (Ed.), The MacArthur Study Bible (electronic ed.) (Nashville, TN: Word Pub, 1997), 1475.
89. Ted Cabal et al., The Apologetics Study Bible: Real Questions, Straight Answers, Stronger Faith (Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers, 2007), 1482.
90. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible, 1908.
91. P. F. Wilbanks, Magadan. In D. N. Freedman, A. C. Myers, and A. B. Beck (Eds.), Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: W.B. Eerdmans, 2000), 843.
92. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible, 1,854.
93. Leadership Ministries Worldwide. The Gospel according to Matthew: Chapters 1:1–16:12 (Chattanooga, TN: Leadership Ministries Worldwide, 2004), vol. 1, 364.
94. Blaise Pascal, The Provincial Letters; Pensèes; Scientific Treatises, M. J. Adler and R. McHenry, eds., W. F. Trotter, trans., second ed. (Chicago; Auckland; London; Madrid; Manila; Paris; Rome; Seoul; Sydney; Tokyo; Toronto: Encyclopêdia Britannica, Inc, 1990), vol. 30, 336.
95. Bruce B. Barton et al., Life Application New Testament Commentary (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale, 2001), 74–75.
96. K. J. Udd, and M. B. Winstead, Bethsaida. In J. D. Barry, D. Bomar, D. R. Brown, R. Klippenstein, D. Mangum, C. Sinclair Wolcott, . . . W. Widder (Eds.), The Lexham Bible Dictionary (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2016).
97. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible, 1,909.
98. Lamar Williamson Jr., Mark (Atlanta, GA: J. Knox Press, 1983), 148.
99. Geoffrey W. Grogan, Mark: Good News from Jerusalem (Rossshire, Scotland: Christian Focus Publications, 2003), 154.
100. M. G. Easton, In Easton’s Bible dictionary (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1893).
101. William Hendriksen and S. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Gospel According to Matthew (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), vol. 9, 646.
102. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible, 1,855.
103. Earl D. Radmacher, R. B. Allen, and H. W. House, The Nelson Study Bible: New King James Version (Nashville: T. Nelson Publishers, 1997); Hendriksen and Kistemaker, Exposition of the Gospel According to Matthew, vol. 9, 649.
104. John D. Barry, Faithlife Study Bible (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012, 2016).
105. Fulton J. Sheen, Life of Christ (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1958), 20.
106. Charles H. Spurgeon, Spurgeon’s Sermons, electronic ed. (Albany, OR: Ages Software, 1998), vol. 9.
CHAPTER 8: FROM THE TRANSFIGURATION TO AN ARGUMENT OVER ABRAHAM
1. Philip Schaff, in Robert J. Morgan, Nelson’s Complete Book of Stories, Illustrations, and Quotes, electronic ed. (Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2000), 479.
2. Mark E. Moore, The Chronological Life of Christ (Joplin, MO: College Press Publishing Company, 2011), 310.
3. John G. Butler, Jesus Christ: His Praying (Clinton, IA: LBC Publications, 2004), vol. 6, 86; Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1,973.
4. Butler, Jesus Christ: His Praying, vol. 6, 86.
5. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1973.
6. James R. Edwards, The Gospel According to Mark (Grand Rapids, MI; Leicester, England: Eerdmans; Apollos, 2002), 269.
7. Walter A. Elwell and B. J. Beitzel, in Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1988), 2,098.
8. H. J. R. Marston, “Christ All in All,” in The Church Pulpit Commentary: St. Mark–St. Luke 7 (London: J. Nisbet & Co, 1908), 148.
9. Butler, Jesus Christ: His Praying, vol. 6, 81.
10. John D. Barry et al., Faithlife Study Bible (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012, 2016).
11. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible, 1,857.
12. Ibid., 1,858.
13. Michael P. Green, The Message of Matthew: The Kingdom of Heaven (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2001), 196; Frank E. Gaebelein et al., The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Matthew, Mark, Luke (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1984), vol. 8, 403; Bruce Barton et al., Life Application New Testament Commentary (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale, 2001), 83; William Hendriksen and S. J. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Gospel According to Matthew (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 2001), vol. 9, 703; John F. MacArthur, The MacArthur Study Bible: New American Standard Bible (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2006).
14. J. D. Grassmick, “Mark,” in J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), vol. 2, 146.
15. Larry Richards, The Teacher’s Commentary (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1987), 572.
16. William Barclay, The Gospel of Matthew, 3rd ed. (Edinburgh: Saint Andrew Press, 2001), 225.
17. In Mark Water, The New Encyclopedia of Christian Quotations (Alresford, Hampshire: John Hunt Publishers Ltd., 2000), 470–71.
18. Barry et al., Faithlife Study Bible.
19. L. A. Barbieri Jr., “Matthew,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 45.
20. R. T. France, Matthew: an Introduction and Commentary (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1985), vol. 1, 203.
21. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible, 1,843.
22. Kenneth Daughters, “The Trinity and the Christian, in Emmaus Journal vol. 14 (2005), 69.
23. R. C. Sproul, Essential Truths of the Christian Faith (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1992), chapter 26.
24. Robert H. Stein, Luke (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), vol. 24, 313.
25. Michael Green, The Message of Matthew: the Kingdom of Heaven (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2001), 143.
26. Charles F. Stanley, Finding Peace: God’s Promise of a Life Free from Regret, Anxiety, and Fear (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2003), 25.
27. Stein, Luke, vol. 24, 316.
28. MacArthur Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible.
29. John G. Butler, Jesus Christ: His Parables (Clinton, IA: LBC Publications. 2002), vol. 3, 388–92.
30. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible, 1,977.
31. Michael Wilcock, The Savior of the World: the Message of Luke’s Gospel (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1979), 124.
32. D. Michael Martin, 1, 2 Thessalonians, vol. 33 (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1995), 61.
33. Barbieri Jr., “Matthew,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 47.
34. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible, 1,899.
35. Ibid., 1,982.
36. Wilcock, The Savior of the World, 132.
37. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible, 1,846.
38. Earl D Radmacher, Ronald Barclay Allen, and H. Wayne House, The Nelson Study Bible: New King James Version (Nashville: T. Nelson Publishers, 1997).
39. Barton et al., Life Application New Testament Commentary, 61.
40. John G. Butler, Analytical Bible Expositor: Matthew (Clinton, IA: LBC Publications, 2008), 211.
41. Radmacher, Barclay, and H. Wayne House, The Nelson Study Bible: New King James Version.
42. M. G. Easton, in Easton’s Bible Dictionary (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1893); John T. Carroll, Luke: A Commentary, C. C. Black and M. E. Boring, eds., 1st ed. (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2012), 261.
43. William Hendriksen and S. J. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Gospel According to Luke (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), vol. 11, 650.
44. Leon Morris, Luke: An Introduction and Commentary (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1988), vol. 3, 228.
45. Warren W. Wiersbe, The Bible Exposition Commentary (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1996), vol. 1, 219.
46. M. G. Easton, M. G. In Easton’s Bible Dictionary (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1893)
47. Walter A. Elwell and B. J. Beitzel, In Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House), vol. 1, 539.
48. Wiersbe, The Bible Exposition Commentary, vol. 1, 221.
49. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible, 1,982.
50. Joel B. Green, The Gospel of Luke (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1997), 494.
51. William Hendriksen and S. J. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Gospel According to Luke (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), vol. 11, 669.
52. Frank E. Gaebelein et al., The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Matthew, Mark, Luke (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1984), vol. 8, 963.
53. Andrew W. Pitts, NT316 Book Study: The Gospel of Luke (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2015), Segment 94.
54. Bruce B. Barton et al., Luke (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1997), 331.
55. Arthur W. Pink, The Arthur Pink Anthology (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2005).
56. J. C. Ryle, Expository Thoughts on Luke (New York: Robert Carter & Brothers, 1879), vol. 2, 103–104.
57. Matthew Henry, Matthew Henry’s Commentary on the Whole Bible: Complete and Unabridged in One Volume (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1994), 1871.
58. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible, 1,985.
59. Wiersbe, The Bible Exposition Commentary, vol. 1, 225.
60. B. M. Austin, “Booths, Feast of,” in J. D. Barry, D. Bomar, D. R. Brown, R. Klippenstein, D. Mangum, C. Sinclair Wolcott, . . . W. Widder (Eds.), The Lexham Bible Dictionary (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2016).
61. Colin G. Kruse, John: an Introduction and Commentary (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2003), vol. 4, 182.
62. Barry et al., Faithlife Study Bible.
63. J. A. Martin, “Luke,” Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 232.
64. Morris, Luke, vol. 3, 199.
65. John T. Carroll, Luke: A Commentary. (C. C. Black and M. E. Boring, Eds.) (First Edition) (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2012), 230.
66. Jack Hayford et al., eds., New Spirit-Filled Life Bible: Notes (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Bibles, 2002), 1,406.
67. Ibid.
68. Barry et al., Faithlife Study Bible.
69. Mark E. Moore, The Chronological Life of Christ (Joplin, MO: College Press Publishing Company, 2011), 336.
70. Ibid., 338.
71. MacArthur, The MacArthur Study Bible.
72. Bruce B. Barton, John (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1993), 158.
73. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible, 2,037.
74. J. Ramsey Michaels, The Gospel of John (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, UK: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2010), 456.
75. E. A. Blum, “John,” Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 301.
76. Ibid., 302.
77. John Blanchard, In The Complete Gathered Gold: A Treasury of Quotations for Christians (Webster, New York; Darlington, England: Evangelical Press, 2006), 351.
78. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible, 2,039.
79. MacArthur, The MacArthur Study Bible.
80. Joel Willitts, NT323 Book Study: The Gospel of John (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2014), Segment 60.
81. Blum, “John,” Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 303.
82. Merrill Chapin Tenney, John: The Gospel of Belief (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, 1976), 144–145.
83. Gerald L. Borchert, John 1–11 (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), vol. 25A, 297.
84. Andreas J. Kostenberger, John G(rand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2004), 257.
85. Leon Morris, The Gospel According to John (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1995), 397.
86. Leon Morris, The Gospel According to John (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1995), 398.
87. Bruce B. Barton, John (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1993), 158.
88. R. H. Mounce, John. In T. Longman III and D. E. Garland (Eds.), The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Luke–Acts (Revised Edition) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2007), vol. 10, 477.
89. Borchert, John 1–11, vol. 25A, 303–304.
90. H. D. M. Spence-Jones, Ed.), St. John (London; New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1909), vol. 1, 360.
91. Ibid., 363–364.
92. William Hendriksen and S. J. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Gospel According to John (Vol. 1–2) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), vol. 2, 61.
93. Ibid.
94. John MacArthur says that this verse most likely indicates Jesus escaped by miraculous means. John F. MacArthur Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible.
95. John Owen, The Works of John Owen, W. H. Goold, ed. (Edinburgh: T&T Clark), vol. 17, 566.
CHAPTER 9: FROM HEALING A BLIND MAN TO MARY’S OINTMENT
1. Gary Benfold, Why Lord? The Book of Job for Today (Epsom, Surrey: Day One, 1998), 90.
2. Leon Morris, The Gospel According to John (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, 1995), 428.
3. Warren W. Wiersbe, The Bible Exposition Commentary (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1996), vol. 1, 325.
4. John D. Barry et al, Faithlife Study Bible (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012, 2016).
5. Colin G. Kruse, C. G. (2003). John: an Introduction and Commentary (Vol. 4) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2003), 226.
6. J. Vernon McGee, Thru the Bible Commentary (electronic ed.) (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1997), Volume 4, 426–427.
7. J. E. White, John. In D. S. Dockery (Ed.), Holman Concise Bible Commentary (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1998), 477.
8. Leon Morris, The Gospel According to John (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, 1995), 442.
9. Walter A. Elwell and B. J. Beitzel, In Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1988), Volume 2, 2091.
10. Charles H. Spurgeon, “Whose Goodness Faileth Never”, No. 2919, Spurgeon’s Sermons (electronic ed., Vol. 51) (Albany, OR: Ages Software, 1998).
11. Arthur W. Pink, A. W. (1923–1945). Exposition of the Gospel of John (Swengel, PA: Bible Truth Depot, (1923–1945), 529.
12. Charles H. Spurgeon, “Whose Goodness Faileth Never”, No. 2919, Spurgeon’s Sermons (electronic ed., Vol. 51) (Albany, OR: Ages Software, 1998).
13. Ronald F. Youngblood, F. F. Bruce, R. K. Harrison, Thomas Nelson Publishers (Eds.). In Nelson’s New illustrated Bible Dictionary (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, Inc., 1995).
14. Grant R. Osborne and Philip W. Comfort, Cornerstone Biblical Commentary, Vol 13: John and 1, 2, and 3 John (Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 2007), 157.
15. Bruce B. Barton, John (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1993), 218.
16. Not all scholars agree. Dr. Michael Heiser, whose book, The Unseen Realm, deals with these types of questions, argues in a scholarly paper that God, in Psalm 82, was talking not to human beings but lesser divine beings. Michael S. Heiser, Jesus’ Quotation of Psalm 82:6 in John 10:34: A Different View of John’s Theological Strategy; See also Michael S. Heiser, The Unseen Realm: Recovering the Supernatural Worldview of the Bible (First Edition) (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2015). But for the majority view, see Leon Morris, The Gospel According to John (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, 1995), 467; E. A. Blum, John. In J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 312; Gerald L. Borchert, John 1–11 (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), vol. 25A, 343; William Hendriksen and S. J. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Gospel According to John (Vol. 1–2) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), Volume 2, 128; Bruce Milne The Message of John: Here is Your King!: with study guide (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1993), 155.
17. Robert H. Stein, Luke (Vol. 24) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 379.
18. Norval Geldenhuys, Commentary on the Gospel of Luke: The English Text with Introduction, Exposition and Notes (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1952), 380.
19. William Manson, The Gospel of Luke (J. Moffatt, Ed.) (New York; London: Harper and Brothers Publishers, 1930), 167.
20. Leon Morris, Luke: an Introduction and Commentary (Vol. 3) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1988), 244.
21. Bruce B. Barton et al, Life Application New Testament Commentary (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale, 2001), 315.
22. Mark E. Moore, The Chronological Life of Christ (Joplin, MO: College Press Publishing Company, 2011), 415–416.
23. John Nolland, Luke 9:21–18:34 (Vol. 35B) (Dallas: Word, Incorporated, 1998), 743–744.
24. Moore, The Chronological Life of Christ, 418.
25. Fred B. Craddock, Luke (Louisville, KY: John Knox Press, 1990), 177.
26. Ibid., 178–179.
27. Walter C. Kaiser, Jr. et al, Hard Sayings of the Bible (Downers Grove, IL: Intervarsity, 1996), 475.
28. Wiersbe, The Bible Exposition Commentary, vol. 1, 232.
29. John T. Carroll, Luke: A Commentary, (C. C. Black and M. E. Boring, Eds.) (First Edition) (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2012), 308.
30. L. A. Barbieri Jr., “Matthew,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 62.
31. John T. Carroll, Luke: A Commentary, (C. C. Black and M. E. Boring, Eds.) (First Edition) (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2012), 318.
32. William Hendriksen and S. J. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Gospel According to Luke (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), Volume 11, 755.
33. Timothy J, Keller, The Prodigal God: Recovering the Heart of the Christian Faith (1st ed.) (New York: Dutton, 2008), 24.
34. John Piper, “Our Hope: Righteousness,” June 1, 1986, Sermons from John Piper (1980–1989) (Minneapolis, MN: Desiring God, 2007).
35. Moore, The Chronological Life of Christ, 432.
36. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1992.
37. Paul J. Achtemeier, “Bethany,” in Harper’s Bible Dictionary (1st ed.) (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1985).
38. Charles H. Spurgeon, “Might Have Been, or May Be,” Spurgeon’s Sermons (electronic ed., Vol. 33) (Albany, OR: Ages Software, 1998).
39. Charles H. Spurgeon, “Jesus Sitting On the Well,” Spurgeon’s Sermons (electronic ed., Vol. 44) (Albany, OR: Ages Software, 1998).
40. Timothy J. Keller, “The Love of Christ,” August 25, 1991, In The Timothy Keller Sermon Archive (New York City: Redeemer Presbyterian Church, 2013).
41. Wiersbe, The Bible Exposition Commentary, vol. 1, 338.
42. Charles C. Ryrie, Ryrie Study Bible: New International Version (Expanded ed.) (Chicago: Moody Publishers, 1994), 1643.
43. Craig A. Evans, NT319 Book Study: The Gospel of Luke in Its Gentile Context (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2016), Segment 59.
44. I. Howard Marshall, The Gospel of Luke: a Commentary on the Greek Text (Exeter: Paternoster Press, 1978), 649.
45. Douglas J. Moo, NT305 New Testament Theology (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2015), Segment 23.
46. Francois Bovon, Luke 2: A Commentary on the Gospel of Luke 9:51–19:27. (H. Koester, Ed., D. S. Deer, Trans.) (Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 2013), 527.
47. Norval Geldenhuys, Commentary on the Gospel of Luke: The English Text with Introduction, Exposition and Notes (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1952), 451.
48. J. Knox Chamblin, J. K. (2010). Matthew: A Mentor Commentary. Ross-shire, Great Britain: Mentor, 2010), 930.
49. R. T. France, Matthew: an introduction and commentary (Vol. 1) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press 1985), 286.
50. Thomas Hale, The Applied New Testament Commentary (Colorado Springs, CO; Ontario, Canada; East Sussex, England: David C. Cook, 1996), 252.
51. Larry Chouinard, Matthew (Joplin, MO: College Press, 1997).
52. Barbieri Jr., “Matthew,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 66.
53. Ralph Earle, Mark: the Gospel of Action (Chicago: Moody Press, 1970), 89.
54. D. Edmond Hiebert, The Gospel of Mark: An Expositional Commentary (Greenville, SC: Bob Jones University Press, 1994), 297.
55. Ibid., 299–300.
56. Wiersbe, The Bible Exposition Commentary, vol. 1, 251.
57. Robert H. Stein, Luke (Vol. 24) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 467.
58. W. L. Leifeld, Luke. In F. E. Gaebelein (Ed.), The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Matthew, Mark, Luke (Vol. 8) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1984), 1007.
59. Donald S. Fortner, Discovering Christ in the Gospel of Luke (Vol. 2) (Durham, England: Go Publications, 2012), 218–219.
60. M. M. Schaub, Pottery. In M. A. Powell (Ed.), The HarperCollins Bible Dictionary (Revised and Updated) (Third Edition) (New York: HarperCollins, 2011), 824.
61. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible, 1,997.
62. Allison A. Trites and William J. Larkin, Cornerstone Biblical Commentary, Vol 12: The Gospel of Luke and Acts (Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 2006), 255.
63. Borchert, John 1–11, vol. 25A, 32.
64. In Chapter 7 we discussed a similar incident reported in the Gospel of Luke (7:36–50). Most scholars believe these are separate incidents because they occur at different times and locations in Jesus’ ministry and teach different lessons. Additionally, Luke describes the woman anointing Jesus as a sinner. See Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible, 2,047, and Gerald L. Borchert, John 1–11 (Vol. 25A) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 32–33.
65. Borchert, John 1–11, vol. 25A, 37.
CHAPTER 10: FROM THE PLOT TO KILL LAZARUS TO PETER’S ILL-FATED VOW
1. Paul Barnett, Finding the Historical Christ (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2009), Vol. 3, 270.
2. Tokunboh Adeyemo, Africa Bible commentary (Nairobi, Kenya; Grand Rapids, MI: WordAlive Publishers; Zondervan, 2006), 1303.
3. Leon Morris, The Gospel According to John (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, 1995), 517.
4. Joel B. Green, The Gospel of Luke (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1997) 688.
5. Philip Graham Ryken, Luke. (R. D. Phillips, P. G. Ryken, & D. M. Doriani, Eds.) (Vol. 1 & 2) (Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R Publishing. 2009), Volume 2, 335–336.
6. Bruce B. Barton, Matthew (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1996), 404–5.
7. Ibid., 407.
8. Allison Trites, & J. William Larkin. Cornerstone Biblical Commentary, Vol 12: The Gospel of Luke and Acts (Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 2006), 260.
9. William Hendriksen, & S. J. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Gospel According to Mark (Vol. 10) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 441.
10. J. D. Grassmick, Mark. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 157.
11. Craig L. Blomberg, Matthew (Vol. 22) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 318.
12. Ralph Earle, The Gospel according to St. Luke, In Matthew-Acts (Vol. 4) (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1966), 284.
13. J. Vernon McGee, Thru the Bible commentary: The Gospels (Mark) (electronic ed., Vol. 36) (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1991), 137.
14. Douglas R. A. Hare, Matthew (Louisville, KY: John Knox Press, 1993), 244.
15. Ibid.
16. L. A. Barbieri, Jr. Matthew, In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 68.
17. Bruce Barton, et al, Life Application New Testament Commentary (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale, 2001), 92.
18. William Hendriksen, & S. J. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Gospel According to John (Vol. 1–2) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), Volume 2, 193.
19. C. H. Dodd, The Interpretation of the Fourth Gospel, 372, In Frederick Dale Bruner, Bruner, The Gospel of John: A Commentary (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: Eerdmans, 2012), 712.
20. Theodore of Mopsuestia, John, 5:12:24, in ACCS NT 4/b: 60, In Frederick Dale Bruner, Bruner, The Gospel of John: A Commentary (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: Eerdmans, 2012), 711.
21. Lesslie Newbigin, The Light Has Come, 156, In Frederick Dale Bruner, Bruner, The Gospel of John: A Commentary (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: Eerdmans, 2012), 712.
22. P. GarcÌa, Son of God Text, Aramaic. In J. D. Barry, D. Bomar, D. R. Brown, R. Klippenstein, D. Mangum, C. Sinclair Wolcott, . . . W. Widder (Eds.), The Lexham Bible Dictionary (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2016).
23. Walter A. Elwell, & B. J. Beitzel, In Baker encyclopedia of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1988), Volume 2, 1983.
24. Ibid.
25. D. Senior, Son of Man. In D. N. Freedman, A. C. Myers, & A. B. Beck (Eds.), Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: W.B. Eerdmans, 2000), 1242.
26. Philip W. Comfort, Encountering the Manuscripts: An Introduction to New Testament Paleography & Textual Criticism (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman, 2005), 245.
27. Douglas J. Moo, NT305 New Testament Theology (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2015), Segment 30.
28. E. A. Blum, John. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 319.
29. Merrill Chapin Tenney, John: The Gospel of Belief (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, 1976), 196.
30. Colin G. Kruse, John: An Introduction and Commentary (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2003), Vol. 4, 272–273.
31. William Hendriksen, & S. J. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Gospel According to Matthew (Vol. 9) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 776.
32. Ibid., 786.
33. Ibid., 786.
34. Charles Price, Matthew: Can Anything Good Come Out of Nazareth?. (Fearn, Great Britain: Christian Focus Publications, 1998), 267.
35. “We Are Made in the Image of God,” Ravi Zacharias remarks at No Compromise: 2013 National Conference, http://www.ligonier.org/blog/we-are-made-image-god/
36. Craig S. Keener, Matthew (Vol. 1) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1997).
37. Thomas Hale, The Applied New Testament Commentary (Colorado Springs, CO; Ontario, Canada; East Sussex, England: David C. Cook. 1996), 263.
38. Earl D. Radmacher, Ronald Barclay Allen, & H. Wayne House, The Nelson Study Bible: New King James Version (Nashville: T. Nelson Publishers, 1997).
39. D. W. Pao & E. J. Schnabel, Luke. In Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament (Grand Rapids, MI; Nottingham, UK: Baker Academic; Apollos, 2007), 370.
40. M. Eugene Boring, Mark: A Commentary. (C. C. Black, J. T. Carroll, & M. E. Boring, Eds.) (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2012), 345.
41. J. D. Grassmick, Mark. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 164–165.
42. William Hendriksen & S. J. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Gospel According to Mark (Vol. 10) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 499.
43. Earl D. Radmacher, Ronald Barclay Allen, & H. Wayne House, The Nelson Study Bible: New King James Version (Nashville: T. Nelson Publishers, 1997).
44. Walter A. Elwell & Philip W. Comfort, In Tyndale Bible Dictionary (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 2001), 1307.
45. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1871.
46. L. A. Barbieri, Jr. Matthew, In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 74.
47. Charles Price, Matthew: Can Anything Good Come Out of Nazareth? (Fearn, Great Britain: Christian Focus Publications, 1998), 286–287.
48. L. A. Barbieri, Jr. Matthew, In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 75.
49. James R. Edwards, The Gospel According to Mark (Grand Rapids, MI; Leicester, England: Eerdmans; Apollos, 2002), 381.
50. Flavius Josephus & William Whiston, The Works of Josephus: Complete and Unabridged (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1987), Wars of the Jews 5.177.
51. Robert Picirilli, The Gospel of Mark. (R. E. Picirilli, Ed.) (First Edition) (Nashville, TN: Randall House Publications, 2003), 348.
52. Flavius Josephus & William Whiston, The Works of Josephus: Complete and Unabridged (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1987), Wars of the Jews 7.1.
53. William L. Lane, The Gospel of Mark (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, 1974), 453.
54. Robert Picirilli, The Gospel of Mark. (R. E. Picirilli, Ed.) (First Edition) (Nashville, TN: Randall House Publications, 2003), 349.
55. William L. Lane, The Gospel of Mark (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, 1974), 453.
56. L. A. Barbieri, Jr. Matthew, In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 76.
57. John F. MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible: New American Standard Bible (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2006).
58. Ibid.
59. Craig Blomberg, Matthew (Vol. 22) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 356.
60. John F. MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible: New American Standard Bible (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2006).
61. Walter W. Wessel, Mark. In F. E. Gaebelein (Ed.), The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Matthew, Mark, Luke (Vol. 8) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1984), 748.
62. Charles Caldwell Ryrie, Ryrie Study Bible: New International Version (Expanded ed.) (Chicago: Moody Publishers, 1994), 1506.
63. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1876.
64. William Hendriksen & S. J. Kristemaker, Exposition of the Gospel According to Matthew (Vol. 9) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001).
65. D. A. Carson, Matthew. In F. E. Gaebelein (Ed.), The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Matthew, Mark, Luke (Vol. 8) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1984), 519.
66. Ibid., 522.
67. John F. MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible: New American Standard Bible (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2006).
68. Craig Blomberg, Matthew (Vol. 22) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 382–383.
69. Ibid.
70. Leadership Ministries Worldwide, Matthew: Chapters 16:13–28:20 (Vol. II) (Chattanooga, TN: Leadership Ministries Worldwide, 1996), Volume 2, 235.
71. This was the first day of the seven-day Feast of Unleavened Bread. On the first day the Passover lambs were sacrificed (Mark 14:12). This feast followed immediately after the Passover and the eight-day event was called the Passover Week. L. A. Barbieri, Jr. Matthew, In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 82.
72. Jim Dixon & Lee Strobel, What Would Jesus Ask? 10 Questions That Will Transform Your Life (Ventura, CA: Gospel Light, 2013).
73. D. A. Carson, The Gospel According to John (Leicester, England; Grand Rapids, MI: Inter-Varsity Press; W.B. Eerdmans, 1991), 462.
74. E. A. Blum, John. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 320.
75. Frederick Dale Bruner, The Gospel of John: A Commentary (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: Eerdmans, 2012), 765.
76. When Peter draws his sword and cuts off the right ear of the high priest’s servant who has come to arrest Jesus (John 18:10).
77. Norman L. Geisler, Systematic Theology, Volume Four: Church, Last Things (Minneapolis, MN: Bethany House Publishers, 2005), Volume Four, 151.
78. Ronald F. Youngblood, F. F. Bruce, & R. K. Harrison, Thomas Nelson Publishers (Eds.), In Nelson’s New illustrated Bible Dictionary (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, Inc., 1995).
79. Craig Blomberg, Matthew (Vol. 22) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 390.
80. Norman L. Geisler, Systematic Theology, Volume Four: Church, Last Things (Minneapolis, MN: Bethany House Publishers, 2005), Volume Four, 157.
81. Ronald F. Youngblood, F. F. Bruce, & R. K. Harrison, Thomas Nelson Publishers (Eds.), In Nelson’s New illustrated Bible Dictionary (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, Inc., 1995).
82. Norman L. Geisler, Systematic Theology, Volume Four: Church, Last Things (Minneapolis, MN: Bethany House Publishers, 2005), Volume Four, 173; Paul P. Enns, The Moody Handbook of Theology (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1989), 361–362.
83. Ronald F. Youngblood, F. F. Bruce, & R. K. Harrison, Thomas Nelson Publishers (Eds.), In Nelson’s New illustrated Bible Dictionary (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, Inc., 1995).
84. Paul P. Enns, The Moody Handbook of Theology (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1989), 362.
85. Leon Morris, The Gospel According to John (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1995), 560.
86. Bruce B. Barton, John (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1993), 281.
CHAPTER 11: FROM JESUS’ REASSURANCE TO PILATE’S JUDGMENT
1. A. W. Tozer, Of God and Men (Camp Hill, PA: WingSpread, 1995), 5.
2. D. A. Carson, The Gospel According to John (Leicester, England; Grand Rapids, MI: Inter-Varsity Press; W.B. Eerdmans, 1991), 491.
3. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2056.
4. David K. Clark & John S. Feinberg, To Know and Love God: Method for Theology (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2003).
5. John Piper, “The Holy Spirit: He is God!” Sermons from John Piper (Minneapolis, MN: Desiring God, 1980–1989).
6. J. I. Packer, Knowing God (Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 1973), 60.
7. James Montgomery Boice, The Gospel of John: An Expositional Commentary (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 2005), 1120.
8. Norman L. Geisler & Ron Rhodes, When Cultists Ask: A Popular Handbook on Cultic Misinterpretations (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1997), 184.
9. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2054.
10. Bruce Milne, The Message of John: Here is Your King!: with study guide (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1993), 221.
11. D. A. Carson, The Gospel According to John (Leicester, England; Grand Rapids, MI: Inter-Varsity Press; W.B. Eerdmans, 1991), 521.
12. John Brown, Discourses and Sayings of Our Lord Jesus Christ, Illustrated in a Series of Expositions (Vol. I & II) (New York: Robert Carter & Brothers, 1854), Volume 2, 393.
13. William Hendriksen, & S. J. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Gospel According to John (Vol. 1–2) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), Volume 2, 310.
14. Gerald L. Borchert, John 12–21 (Vol. 25B) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2002), 154.
15. R. Kent Hughes, John: That You May Believe (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 1999), 369.
16. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2056.
17. Ibid.
18. E. A. Blum, E. A. John. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books 1985), Volume 2, 329.
19. Merrill Chapin Tenney, John: The Gospel of Belief (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1976), 240.
20. John Calvin, John (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 1994), John 16:23.
21. Leon Morris, The Gospel According to John (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1995), 628.
22. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2053.
23. Warren W. Wiersbe, Prayer: Basic Training (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale, 1988), 9.
24. Ibid., 12.
25. Ibid., 13.
26. Timothy J. Keller, “Glory in Your Life,” November 3, 2002, The Timothy Keller Sermon Archive New York City: Redeemer Presbyterian Church, 2013).
27. Rolland McCune, A Systematic Theology of Biblical Christianity: The Doctrines of Man, Sin, Christ, and the Holy Spirit (Vol. 2) (Allen Park, MI: Detroit Baptist Theological Seminary, 2009), 137.
28. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2008.
29. Bruce B. Barton, Matthew (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1996), 532–533.
30. Bruce B. Barton, Mark (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1994), 447–448.
31. Mark E. Moore, The Chronological Life of Christ (Joplin, MO: College Press Publishing Company, 2011), 625, and E. A. Blum, in J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck (eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, Il: Victor Books, 1985), Vol 2, 237.
32. D. A. Carson, Matthew. In F. E. Gaebelein (Ed.), The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Matthew, Mark, Luke (Vol. 8) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1984), 563.
33. Robert H. Stein, Luke (Vol. 24) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 578–579.
34. Ravi Zacharias, Deliver Us From Evil (Nashville: Thomas Nelson Company, 2000).
35. Bruce B. Barton, Matthew (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1996), 549.
36. Gerald L. Borchert, John 12–21 (Vol. 25B) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2002), 252; Bruce B. Barton, John (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1993), 370.
CHAPTER 12: FROM THE FLOGGING OF JESUS TO HIS ASCENSION
1. John Blanchard, In The Complete Gathered Gold: A Treasury of Quotations for Christians (Webster, New York; Darlington, England: Evangelical Press, 2006), 537.
2. Ibid., 538.
3. Bruce B. Barton, John (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1993), 375.
4. Craig A. Evans, The Bible Knowledge Background Commentary: Matthew–Luke. (C. A. Evans & C. A. Bubeck, Eds.) (First Edition) (Colorado Springs, CO: David C Cook, 2003), 510.
5. Robert H. Stein, Luke (Vol. 24) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 586.
6. Ibid.
7. James A. Brooks, Mark (Vol. 23) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 258.
8. J. D. Grassmick, Mark. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 190; L. A. Barbieri, Jr. Matthew. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 90.
9. Crossway Bibles. The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2010.
10. Charles H. Spurgeon, God’s Tender Mercy. In The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit Sermons (Vol. 53, pp. 109–120) (London: Passmore & Alabaster, 1907).
11. J. C. Ryle, Holiness: Its Nature, Hindrances, Difficulties and Roots (London: William Hunt and Company, 1889), 260–261.
12. Gerald L. Borchert, John 12–21 (Vol. 25B) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2002), 269.
13. William Hendriksen & S. J. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Gospel According to John (Vol. 1–2) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), Volume 2, 428.
14. William Hendriksen & S. J. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Gospel According to Matthew (Vol. 9) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 966.
15. Charles Caldwell Ryrie, Basic Theology: A Popular Systematic Guide to Understanding Biblical Truth (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1999), 301.
16. J. D. Grassmick, “Mark,” in J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures, vol. 2 (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 189.
17. See the poignant description of Jesus’ passion in Norman L. Geisler & Frank Turek, I Don’t Have Enough Faith To Be An Atheist (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 2004), 381–383.
18. Crossway Bibles. The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2068.
19. Ibid., 1887.
20. E. A. Blum, John. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 340.
21. Harvey J. S. Blaney, The Gospel According to St. John, In Matthew-Acts (Vol. 4) (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1966), 467.
22. James A. Brooks, Mark (Vol. 23) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 266.
23. Ibid.
24. Bruce B. Barton, Matthew (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1996) 566.
25. Norman L. Geisler & Frank Turek, I Don’t Have Enough Faith To Be An Atheist (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 2004), 301–314.
26. Ibid., 313.
27. Ibid., 314.
28. Norman L. Geisler and Thomas A. Howe, When Critics Ask: A Popular Handbook on Biblical Difficulties (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1992), 365.
29. Luke only mentions Peter as going to the tomb and finding it is empty.
30. Mark E. Moore, The Chronological Life of Christ (Joplin, MO: College Press Publishing Company, 2011), 663.
31. Bruce B. Barton, John (Wheaton IL: Tyndale House, 1993), 389; Crossway Bibles. The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2070.
32. Matthew Henry, Matthew Henry’s Commentary on the Whole Bible: Complete and Unabridged in One volume (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1994), 2052.
33. It’s not specified in the Gospels whether Mary Magdalene is part of this group and exactly who else is present. It’s also not indicated whether Peter and John were among the group of disciples mentioned here, though they may well not have been.
34. L. A. Barbieri, Jr. Matthew. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 93.
35. For more on this see Norman L. Geisler & Frank Turek, I Don’t Have Enough Faith To Be An Atheist (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 2004).
36. Ted Cabal et al The Apologetics Study Bible: Real Questions, Straight Answers, Stronger Faith (Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers, 2007), 1564.
37. Charles H. Spurgeon, The Alarum No. 996, Spurgeon’s Sermons (electronic ed., Vol. 17). (Albany, OR: Ages Software, 1998).
38. Charles H. Spurgeon, Lessons from the Malta Fire, No. 3136, Spurgeon’s Sermons (electronic ed., Vol. 55). (Albany, OR: Ages Software, 1998).
39. Luke says that “the eleven” were present at this meeting, but John reports that Thomas was not there, and Jesus appeared to him soon thereafter. At this point Judas was no longer one of the apostles so “eleven” would seem to suggest they were all present, including Thomas. Brooke Westcott contends that the accounts can be reconciled because though Thomas was absent, the apostles as a body (“the eleven”) were assembled. Brooke Foss Westcott, The Gospel According to St. John, Introduction and Notes on the Authorized Version (London: J. Murray, 1908), 294. Other commentators tend to agree with this. John MacEvilly says that the Apostolic College went by the name of “the eleven” after Jesus died so they might be called “the eleven” even if any of them were absent on any particular occasion. John MacEvilly, An Exposition of the Gospel of St. John (Dublin; New York: M. H. Gill & Son; Benziger Brothers, 1902) 363.
40. Beauford H. Bryant & Mark H. Krause, John (Joplin, MO: College Press Pub. Co., 1998).
41. Ibid.
42. Gerald L. Borchert, John 12–21 (Vol. 25B) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2002), 314.
43. Leon Morris, The Gospel According to John (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, 1995), 753.
44. Gerald L. Borchert, John 12–21 (Vol. 25B) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2002), 326.
45. Crossway Bibles. The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2072.
46. Mark’s Gospel adds some other details but I have not included it because there is great disagreement among scholars about whether Mark 16:9–20 was in Mark’s original writing. Some Bibles omit the sections altogether, some include them in the margin, and some include them with a note of explanation. In any event, it is beyond the scope of this book to explore such questions in depth.
47. Earl D. Radmacher, Ronald Barclay Allen, & H. Wayne House, The Nelson Study Bible: New King James Version (Nashville: T. Nelson Publishers, 1997).
48. L. A. Barbieri, Jr. Matthew. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 93.
49. R. T. France, The Gospel of Matthew (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publication Co., 2007), 1107–1108.
50. John F. MacArthur, Jr. The MacArthur Study Bible: New American Standard Bible (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2006); Earl D. Radmacher, Ronald Barclay Allen, & H. Wayne House, The Nelson Study Bible: New King James Version (Nashville: T. Nelson Publishers, 1997).
51. Craig L. Blomberg, Matthew (Vol. 22) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 431.
52. Crossway Bibles. The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1888.
53. The reference to Jesus sitting down at the right hand of God is in Mark 16:19, which, as I’ve noted, is a disputed passage, though the book of Acts confirms it (Acts 7:56).
54. Norval Geldenhuys, Commentary on the Gospel of Luke: The English Text with Introduction, Exposition and Notes (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1952), 646.
CONCLUSION
1. John Piper, Seeing and Savoring Jesus Christ (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 2004), 119–20.
2. Lynn H. Cohick, NT101 Introducing New Testament: Its Structure and Story (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2013), segment 12.
3. John Blanchard, Meet the Real Jesus (Darlington, England; Carlisle, USA: Evangelical Press, 2001), 187–88.
4. Piper, Seeing and Savoring Jesus Christ, 121.
5. Jonathan Edwards, The Works of Jonathan Edwards (Banner of Truth Trust, 1974), vol. 1, 680.
6. Piper, Seeing and Savoring Jesus Christ, 29–30.
7. Ibid., 30.
8. Paul Barnett, Jesus and the Rise of Early Christianity: A History of New Testament Times (Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 1999), 14.
9. G. K. Beale, 1–2 Thessalonians (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2003), 141.
10. R. A. Torrey, Revival Addresses (Chicago; New York: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1903), 215.
11. G. C. Jones, 1000 Illustrations for Preaching and Teaching (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1986), 199–200.