ajŏn local officials, also called sŏri
amgŭl “female letters,” another name for han’gŭl (see below)
anbang “inner room” (see anch’ae)
anch’ae the section of the house for women also called the anbang
ang changgun grand general, top military post in Koryŏ
Chaech’u Privy Council in Koryŏ later called Todang
changgun general called
chapkwa specialized technical exams
ch’arye holiday commemorations to ancestors
chesa rites to ancestors
chesul ŏp Composition Examination in Koryŏ
ch’ilgŏjiak “seven evils,” legitimate grounds for divorcing a wife
chikchŏn “office-field” allocated to officials
Ch’ilsŏng Big Dipper, widely worshiped Korean spirit
ch’im acupuncture
ch’in Confucian principle of cordiality or closeness between parents and children
chin’gol true bone or true-bone, hereditary elite of Silla
chinsa literary exam in Chosŏn
Chiphyŏnjŏn Hall of Worthies
Chipsabu Chancellery Office during Silla period
chisa wandering geomancers
Chisin Earth God
cho “progenitor,” used as an element in Korean royal names
choch’ŏn tribute missions to China also called yŏnhaeng
chok a large descent group in Silla
chokpo books kept by lineages where births, marriages, and deaths were recorded
ch’on villages
chondaeŏ or chondaemal Korean speech style for addressing superiors
chong “ancestor,” used as an element in Korean royal names
Chŏngbang Personnel Authority political institution during military period of Koryŏ
chŏngbyŏng conscripts
chŏnghye ssangsu twofold training in quiescence [meditation] and activity
chongja first son
Ch’ŏngjegam Directorate of Sanitation
chŏngjŏnje “able-bodied land system”
ch’ŏn’gŏ recommendation system
ch’ŏnmin “base people”
ch’ŏnmyŏng Mandate of Heaven
chŏnsi palace exam
chŏnsi-kwa Field and Woodland, system during the Koryŏ by which officials received fixed incomes from certain lands
ch’ŏp commoner or slave concubine (also called a “secondary wife”)
chosang ancestors or ancestral spirits
ch’osi preliminary exam
Chosŏn (Chinese: Chaoxian), lit. “Land of the Morning Calm,” name of an early kingdom and of the Korean state from 1392-1910
Chowang Kitchen God, one of the Korean household gods
ch’ugugi system of rain gauges
ch’ulga oein “one who left the household and became a stranger”: term for daughter who left her natal home after her marriage
chŭlmun prehistoric comb-patterned Korean pottery (also known as pitsal munŭi)
ch’ung loyalty
Chungbang Supreme Military Council
Ch’ungch’uwŏn Royal Secretariat in Koryŏ, later called the Ch’umirwŏn
chungin “middle men,” a subelite class of technical specialists in Chosŏn
chungsi chief minister in Silla
Chungsŏ-Munhasŏng combined Secretariat-Chancellory in Koryŏ
Chungsŏsŏng Secretariat in Koryŏ
han’gŭl the indigenous Korean alphabet (lit. “Korean writing”)
hanmun Chinese characters, also called hanja
hanyak Chinese medicine
hojang local headmen
hop’ae identification system using special tags in Chosŏn
hunmin chŏngŭm “correct sounds for the instruction of the people,” another term for the indigenous Korean alphabet (han’gŭl)
Hwaŏm “Flower Garland,” a school of Buddhism
Hwabaek Council of Notables
hwarang lit. “flower boys,” military bands of aristocratic youth that served as elite units in the Silla army
hwarangdo the way of the hwarang
hyangan local yangban associations
hyangban rural yangban
Hyangch’ŏng Local Agency
hyangga a form of Korean-language poetry
hyanggyo state-sponsored local schools
hyangyak isul medical prescriptions
hyangni the local hereditary elite
hyo Confucian principle of filial piety
hyŏnhakkŭm “black crane zither,” a modified Chinese seven-string instrument
idu or kugyŏl transcription system used to facilitate the reading of the Chinese classics
isagŭm “successor princes,” rulers of early Silla
kadong house slaves
kaekchu wholesale merchants in Chosŏn, also called yŏgak
kamugwan a central government office that oversaw rural jurisdictions
kasa a genre of Korean poetry
kayagŭm a kind of zither
ki (Chinese: qi), the primal matter-energy of the universe
kije death anniversary commemorations
kijŏn format used in official histories
kimch’i pickled cabbages or other vegetables in garlic and fermented fish or shrimp seasoned with chili peppers
kisaeng female entertainers
Kyojŏng Togam Office of Decree Enactment
kobuksŏn “turtle ship,” early Korean iron-clad warship
kogok “curved jewel,” stylized bear claws that served as signs of royal authority in Silla
kolp’um bone-rank system of Silla
kongan tribute ledgers
kongin tribute men
kongjŏn public land
kongnobi government slaves
kosa offerings to household gods
kut Korean shamanist ceremony
kun-hyŏn prefecture-county, administrative unit under the Koryŏ
Kukhak National Academy
kuksok “national practice,” term used to distinguish Korean from non-Korean customs
kun administrative subdivision of province often translated as county
kun commandery in Chinese-ruled Korea
kwagŏ civil service examinations
Kwanggun Resplendent Army
kwisin spirits
kye informal loan associations
Kyo Textual Buddhism
Kyojŏng Togam Office of Decree Enactment
Kyŏngjaeso Capital Liaison Office
Kyŏngsigam Directorate of Capital Markets
Kyŏngguk Taejŏn official legal code dating from the fifteenth century
Kyŏngyŏn Classics Mat
kyuban or naebang kasa inner room kasa, women’s writings about family life
kyunyŏkpŏp Equalized Service Law
mansin another term for shaman
maripkan a title for early Silla rulers
mimangin “a person who has not died yet,” said of a widow
minhwa folk paintings
minmyŏnuri a girl bride
mogok wastage charge, fees charged by state granaries
muban military officials
mudang shaman
muhak military schools
mumun plain pottery style of early Korea
munban civil officials or civil aristocracy
mun’gaek retainers
Munha-sijung supreme chancellor
Munhasŏng Chancellery
munjung name for ancestral lineages
munkwa highest level of civil service examinations
Munmyo National Shrine to Confucius
myoje graveside commemorations to ancestors
myŏnggyŏng ŏp Classics Examination in Koryŏ
Namin “Southerners,” political faction in Yi Korea
Nogŭp stipend villages in Silla
nongjang landed estates
Noron Old Doctrine political faction in Yi Korea
oegŏ nobi out-resident slaves
ŏndol style of heated floors in Korean houses
ŏnmun vernacular script (another term for the indigenous Korean alphabet, han’gŭl)
oryun the five ethical norms of Confucianism
Ŏsadae censorate in Koryŏ
Owi Toch’ongbu Five Military Commands Headquarters
paduk Korean name for the game of go, also used to designate a style of dolmen in early Korea.
p’aedo a suicide knife
paekchŏng outcaste group
paem sul snake wine
paem t’ang snake soup
pando lit. “half island,” peninsula
panmal Korean speech style for addressing inferiors
pangnap (or taenap) tribute contracting
p’ansori distinctive Korean form of folk tales presented by a singer/dancer accompanied by a drummer
p’ansu blind exorcists
pap cooked rice
pinyŏ a long pin used by Korean women to tie hair
Pumaguk “Son-in-law Nation,” term used for Korea during Mongol period
pobusang itinerant peddlers
pon’gwan clan-seat system under the Koryŏ
Ponhyang Sansin Mountain God, one of the Korean household gods
Popŏp Paired Provisioner system
pu rhyme-prose
Pugin “Northerners,” political faction in Chosŏn
Pukhak Northern Learning term for late Chosŏn reform minded writers
pulch’ŏnjiwi “never removed tablets” containing names of ancestors
punch’ŏng predominant ceramic ware from the 1390s to the 1590s
p’ungsu geomancy
pyŏl distinction between husbands and wives
Pyŏlmuban special military force developed to defend Korea against invading Jurchen
p’yŏngin “good people” or socially respectable people
p’yŏnnyŏn annalistic format
Pyŏso Kakssi Toilet Maiden, one of the Korean household gods
sach’ang village granary system
sadaebu derived from the Chinese term shidafu, meaning scholar-official
saenae-mu mask dances in Silla
saengwŏn classics exam in Chosŏn
Saeng yuksin Six Ministers Who Lived
Saganwŏn Censor-General
Sahŏnbu Office of Inspector-General
Sajŏn “private land”
sama lower-level civil service examinations
Sambyŏlch’o Three Elite Patrols
samgang “three cords” or basic principles of Confucianism
Samsa “three institutions,” the censorate organs in Chosŏn
Samsin Halmŏn Birth Grandmother, one of the Korean household gods
Samsŏng Three Chancelleries term for the three highest administrative organs in Koryŏ
sangdaedŭng the chief of the Hwabaek
Sangp’yŏngch’ang “Ever-Normal Granaries”
Sangsŏsŏng Secretariat for State Affairs in Koryo
sangsuri Silla system of having non-Sillan tributaries send hostages to serve at court in rotation
sanobi private slaves
Sansin the Mountain Spirit
sarang ch’ae the section of the house for men
sasaek four colors, another term for the major political factions in Chosŏn
sasŏl sijo later expanded form of sijo
Sa yuksin Six Martyrs
sedo chŏngch’i “in-law government,” term used for nineteenth domination of court politics by royal consort families
Sibi to Twelve Assemblies, private schools that trained young men for civil service examinations in Koryŏ
Sigŭp tax villages in Silla
sijo a “short, suggestive poem” consisting of three lines, each with fifteen syllables
sijŏn licensed shops
Sillok Veritable Records, the official history of the reign of a Korean king
sin Confucian principle of trust between friends
Sinŭigun Army of Transcendent Righteousness
sip chŏng ten garrisons
Sirhak “Practical Learning,” modern term for reform minded scholars in late Chosŏn
sŏ Confucian principle of order between elders and juniors
Sŏbang Household Secretariat
sŏdang oath banner Silla military units, see also sŏjae
Sŏin “Westerners,” political faction in Yi Korea
Sŏhak “Western Learning,” Korean term for Christianity
sŏja children born to a ch’ŏp (see above)
sok subordinate prefectures in Koryŏ
sŏjae or sŏdang village schools
solgŏ nobi household slaves
Sŏn meditative Buddhism (Japanese: Zen)
sŏnggol hallowed bone or sacred bone, ruling elite of early Korea
Sŏnggyun’gwan National Confucian Academy
Sŏnghwang a local guardian god
Sŏngju walled towns
Sŏngju House Lord, one of the Korean household gods
sŏŏl another term for sŏja
sŏri local officials, also called ajŏn
Soron Young Doctrine, political faction in Yi Korea
sŏsa general supervisory authority possessed by Censorate
sŏwŏn private academies in Chosŏn
ssirŭm Korean-style wrestling
Sumun Door Guard, one of the Korean household gods
Sŭngjŏngwŏn Royal Secretariat in Chosŏn
taedongpŏp tribute replacement tax
taekwa a name for the highest-level civil service examinations (see also munkwa)
T’aep’o Festival of Wine
t’akja “table” style of dolmens in early Korea
tan’ga “short song,” another word for sijo
tangsanggwan those of senior third rank and above
tan’o chomsu sudden enlightenment and gradual cultivation taught by Chinul
tchok long, braided hair worn by women
teril-sawi boy child grooms
todŭngnyŏ “robber woman,” said of a daughter
Tohwasŏ Bureau of Painting
T’ŏju Taegam Site Official, one of the Korean household gods
Tonghak “Eastern Learning,” nineteenth-century religious movement
Tongin “Easterners,” political faction in Chosŏn
tongnyŏnhoe classmate organizations
toryŏng military commander
ttŭm moxibustion
tup’um head-ranks, a heredity status system of Silla
ŭi righteousness and justice
ŭibyŏng “righteous armies,” resistance bands during the Japanese invasions of Korea
Ŭigŭmbu State Tribunal
Ŭihŭng Samgunbu Three Armies Headquarters
Ŭijŏngbu State Council of Chosŏn
ŭm privilege by which sons received automatic appointment to office
Waegu term for Japanese pirates
wang Korean term for king
wŏnhwa lit. “original flowers,” female leaders of the hwarang
yangban lit. “two sides,” the aristocratic elite of Korea
yangin “good people,” not slaves or outcastes
Yemun’gwan Office of Royal Decrees
Yi (Chinese: li), the patterning principle of the universe
yŏl Confucian principle of distinction between men and women
yŏmbul recitation of the name of Buddha
yŏnhaeng mission to Beijing
yuhak student status that included exemption from military duty and eligibility for taking the civil service exams
yuil people of merit and integrity, civil service appointees through recommendation system
Yukcho Six Ministries
Yukpu Six Ministries
yuktu-p’um head-rank six, highest of the head-ranks of Silla
Yurang chisigin wandering scholars
yut popular game played with wooden sticks