1. The legislature did intervene in harbor affairs after an 1871 study by the U.S. Coastal Survey revealed that refuse dumping was fast filling up key harbor channels. Albany prohibited casting of wastes into the Hudson and East rivers, Upper New York Bay, and parts of Raritan Bay, though authorizing dumping in Lower New York Bay south of the Narrows, if okayed by the new slate office of shore inspector. They also shut down the official garbage dump site established at Oyster Island in 1857 and shifted it to the southeastern side of Staten Island, though by 1877 much refuse was also being used as fill in Bayonne, New Jersey, and Newtown Creek.