Independent Portolani The Maps on p. 46 and 48, dated 1420, stand out from preceding schools. These maps were included in a best-selling book by Cristoforo Buondelmonte that was translated into Greek and Latin. The book with its maps introduced a new approach to marine cartography that was followed until the 17th century. The Map on p. 52 is extremely rare, a real Catalan navigation map. While there is no interior nomenclature, descriptions of the Black and Mediterranean Seas are visible. Proportions within the whole basin are more exact than in previous maps.

World Map Diogo Ribeiro, 1529 Parchment, 85 x 204.5 cm Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana, Vatican