Portolani During This Period   The Breton School Examples of portolani of the Breton school (1543-1650) centered at Le Conquet, inlcude Maps on p. 102, 112 and 114. These show the influence of the Portugese School at Lisbon. A pilot’s practical and simple pocket guide filled with useful charts and maps was made in 1548 by Guillaume Brouscon (Maps, p. 112 and 114). It tells amateur sailors how to take basic astronomical measurements for navigation, and includes a perpetual calendar and drawings of boats. A large map was folded into the volume.

Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea Francesco Oliva, 1603 Parchment, 54 x 90 cm Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris