The Japanese School The portolani of the Japanese School centered in Nagasaki (1592-1636) show the influence of only the Portuguese School. See, for example, the anonymous maps of Japan viewed from the Indian Ocean, or from the archipelago. The first Portuguese journey to Japan was in 1541-1543. It was the beginning of an important commercial relationship between the two countries. During the next forty-seven years (1543-1590) eighty ships arrived in Japan from Portugal.

The Pacific Ocean Hessel Gerritsz, 1622 Parchment, 107 x 141 cm Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris