Page numbers refer to the print edition but are hyperlinked to the appropriate location in the e-book.
Abbot of Unreason (Abbas Stultorum),
12,
14,
17aesthetic expressions, of first
Homo sapiens sapiens,
31agricultural revolution,
34agriculture: benefits of invention of,
31; debates on origin of,
31,
34; as harder and taking up more time than hunting/gathering,
34; investigations of peoples without,
31–32; in Maya settlements,
26–27; as neither necessary nor desirable,
34; as not developed to satisfy purely economic needs,
35; peoples living without,
33; as progress,
36; as regression,
36; viruses spread by,
36Altamira caves (Spain),
31animal protection movements,
114animals: categories of according to Comte,
115; domestication of,
33,
34,
35,
36,
133art, and supernatural,
67–68artists, portraits of,
64–71
biological parents,
43–45biological paternity,
43,
45birds, colors of, origin of,
130,
131Brazil,
36,
37,
38,
51,
53,
54,
60,
61,
73,
74,
87Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte du,
47
casting out nines (
preuve par neuf),
131 Chamberlain, Basil Hall,
21,
22Chéruel, Pierre Adolphe,
7children, role of,
15,
16Christmas: celebrations of in United States,
4; church criticism of,
18; contradictory characteristics of,
16; development of celebration in France,
5,
6; as gathering together and communion,
13; non-Christian aspects of,
13; as opposition between children and adults,
12,
15; as opposition between dead and living,
12; as rhythm of increased solidarity and exacerbated antagonism,
14Cosmographie universelle [
Universal Cosmog raphy] (Thevet),
53
culture, transition from nature to,
107cyclical adenosine monophosphate,
136
death, relationships with,
17Désaugiers, Marc-Antoine,
51Dictionnaire historique des institutions, moeurs et coutumes de la France [
Historical Dictionary of Institutions, Mores, and Customs of France],
7
Discourse on the Origin of Inequality (Rousseau),
74
diseases: Creutzfeldt-Jakob,
84,
85,
87,
113,
114; kuru,
83–86,
87,
113; mad cow,
84,
113,
114,
117,
118,
119
eccentric avant-garde,
98Echo and Narcissus [
The Death of Narcissus] (Poussin),
99,
104
Essais (Montaigne),
73,
75
ethnologists: appeal of jewelry to,
57–63; as being thrust onto public stage,
42; Bohr’s invitation for contemporaries to turn to,
81; changing role/research behaviors of,
38; as consultant,
47–48; hiring of by tribes,
38; lawyers as turning to,
39; on medically assisted reproduction,
44,
47; problems raised by as not disappearing but rather shifting,
47,
48; as seeing great variety of individual behaviors in all societies,
41; wariness of indigenous minorities toward,
38ethnology, as seen as last incarnation of colonialism,
37evolution: biological evolution,
30; macroevolution,
30; as not one type of,
30; regressive evolution,
32; of species as coming about slowly and gradually,
30; technological evolution,
30explanation, types of,
134external differences, clashes between,
48
FatherChristmas,
7,
8,
12female sexuality, and origin of society,
105–11fieldwork, transformation of,
38flake-based industries,
28fog, origin myth of,
49–51foreign customs, adoption of,
6France: celebrations of Christmas in,
4,
5,
6; reconciliation between public and religion in,
3
Gajdusek, Carleton,
83–84generalized sexual commerce,
108Grimes Cave (England),
29
Hértier-Augé, Françoise,
44Histoire de Lynx [
The Story of Lynx] (Lévi-Strauss),
49,
55,
56
human beings: eating preferences of,
113; relationships of with animals,
115; and their works,
71human body, substances drawn from,
86,
88human females, compared to other female mammals,
106–7hunter-gatherers: as believing life is better without agriculture,
34; productivity rate of,
32; reasons for not needing/wishing to cultivate land and raise livestock,
33
identity, principle of,
77imperial power, divine origin of,
25Indians: distinction between Indians and whites,
53–54; welcoming attitude of toward whites,
54,
56.
See also specific Indian tribesindigenous minorities, ethnic identity and moral/legal rights of,
37invariant relationships,
57Italy: Comte’s admiration for,
97; as producer of Futurism,
98; and Religion of Humanity,
90,
91,
93,
94
Japan: elderly in,
25; innovations in,
22
kachinas: meaning of,
10–11,
12; similarity of Santa Claus to,
9
languages: advent of/origin of,
110–
11,
135,
136; figurative language,
81; positivism as merging five Western languages,
94; properties of articulate language,
134–35La potière jalouse [
The Jealous Potter],
55
Lascaux caves (France),
31La voie des masques [
The Way of the Masks] (Lévi-Strauss),
55
Le Grand-Pressigny (France),
29L’entrée en Espagne [
Entry into Spain],
122
linguistic structures,
136living creatures, killing of for food,
113
male circumcision,
40,
41Man-Eating Myth, The (Arens),
87
matrilineal filiation,
122medically assisted reproduction: ethnologists on,
44,
47; legality of,
43; methods of,
42Metamorphoses,
The (Ovid),
101
monogamous marriage/union,
107,
109Mouvement Républicain Populaire,
3mythic thought, and scientific thought,
76–82Mythologiques [
Introduction to the Study of Mythology] (Lévi-Strauss),
55
myths: from America,
101,
102,
103,
104,
128; of Amerindians,
49–59; from Brazil,
53,
60; described,
80–81; of domestication of animals,
33; Echo (
see Echo [figure in myth]); from Greeks,
101,
103,
104; as intellectual property,
38; from Inuit,
101; invention of,
77; Jivaro myths,
131; of kachinas,
10,
11; of Lynx,
50; Narcissus (
see Narcissus); new (
preuve par mythe qualifé de neuf),
131; on origin of fog,
49–51; on origin of pottery,
129–30; on origin of wind,
49–51; from Pacific Northwest,
49–52,
63; principal function of,
106; role of polychromy in South American myths,
130; Santa Claus as,
1,
8; from Seneca Indians,
78; from Tatuyo Indians,
129,
130,
131; from Tlingit,
69–70,
71; transcription of,
29; from Tsimshian Indians,
67,
70; Tupinamba, origin myth,
53
natural environment, deterioration of,
116nature, transition of to culture,
107nephew, relationship of with maternal uncle,
121–22,
123new myth (
preuve par mythe qualifé de neuf),
131New World: discovery of,
49,
51,
55,
72,
75; invasion of,
56; practices of,
74nutrient laboratories,
116,
117
On Growth and Form (Thompson),
57
opposition,
12,
49,
50,
51,
52,
53–54,
60,
62,
95,
100Patrilineal filiation,
122Philosophical thought,
74–75Pituitary gland, injections of,
85,
88Poets, Bohr’s invitation for contemporaries to turn to,
81Porcupine quill embroidery,
64Positive religion,
94,
95Practices: of New World,
74; as potentially meaningless within one society and meaningful in another,
41–42Principle of identity,
77Productivist mentality,
29–30Progress, according to Comte,
95Protestant negativism,
91
Radcliffe-Brown, Alfred,
121reasoning from outside inward,
23reindeer, in Santa Claus tradition,
8religious ceremonies,
66,
67rites of passage/initiation,
9,
10,
11–12ritual female excision: as affront to public conscience in U.S.,
42; described,
39; legal proceedings against,
39,
40,
41,
42; as women’s secret,
39Rousseau, Jean-Jacques,
73,
74,
88 royal crowns,
58
Sainte-Palaye, Jean-Baptiste de La Curne de,
7Santa Claus: animosity toward,
8; belief in as belief in life,
18; church criticism of,
1,
17; as contrasted with genuine god,
9; hanging of,
2; as heir and antithesis of Abbot of Unreason,
17; as modern creation,
8; as one of various names of Christmas figure,
7; public reaction to hanging of,
3; as result of displacement of Feast of Saint Nicholas,
14; and rites of passage/initiation,
9,
10,
12; as role of catalyst,
5–6; similarity of to kachinas,
9,
10; as supernatural and immutable being,
8; as symbol of irreligion,
4; as syncretic fusion of several figures,
12sawing/planing wood,
22,
23Scandinavian Yule goat,
12science, advances of, and traditional morality,
47scientific thought, mythic thought and,
76–82sedentism, as cause of agricultural revolution,
34self: according to Japanese thought,
24–25; denial of in Hinduism, Taoism, and Buddhism,
24Social Contract (Rousseau),
73
social development, types of as not reducible to single model,
35social structure, diversification of, as cause of agricultural revolution,
34Société Linguistique de Paris,
135society: origin of, female sexuality and,
105–11; origin of life in,
136South African Journal of Science,
121
states, dismemberment of,
93supernatural: fine arts and,
67–68; Santa Claus as,
8Synthèse subjective [
Subjective Synthesis] (Comte),
96
Système de politique positive [
System of Positive Polity] (Comte),
90
Table Talks (Plutarch),
80
technological evolution,
28,
30tetracalcium phosphate,
35Things Japanese (Chamberlain),
21
Thompson, D’Arcy Wentworth,
57,
58traditional morality, and advances of
Tsimshian Indians,
67,
70Tupinamba, origin myth,
53
United States, influence and prestige of on French Christmas celebrations,
4
weapons, stone imitations of metal weapons,
29whites: distinction between whites and Indians,
53–54; motivations of toward Indians,
56wind, origin myth of,
49–51writing, appearance of,
29