Sá, Francisco Arruda de, 190 Sá, Isidoro Tinoco de, 208 Sá, Manuel Correia de, 74 Sabarabuçu region, 51,
81. See also Itaberaba-açu, legend of Salvador, Bahia, 50,
65,
77,
78,
101,
136 Sampaio, Sebastião Cardoso de, 77 Santana de Parnaíba, 60,
100,
111,
112,
130,
134,
173,
206,
213appropriation of land and labor, 99 Araçariguama property, 138 commercial agriculture, 66 dominant families in, 191 elevation to town status, 99–100 expansion of slave raiding to the Paraíba Valley, 101 Municipal Council, 114,
166,
194 Pais de Barros estate, 67 settler competition for Barueri Indians, 100 wheat production in, 105,
108,
109–110 Santo Amaro, bairro of, 11,
186,
188,
198,
205Indian baptisms in, 154–155,
161–162 Santo André da Borda do Campo, 18,
24,
25 Santos, town of, 24,
92,
95,
111–112,
113,
137,
216Antonio de Proença settlement, 94 Carijó slavery and plantations at, 24 early outlet for Paulista trade, 105 maritime slave trade, 55,
64 smallpox outbreak at, 107 wheat market, 92,
107,
110,
113–114,
191 São Francisco River, 49,
50,
69 São Francisco Valley, 78,
81 São João, mission village, 28,
33 São Miguel, bairro of, 197,
211 São Miguel, mission village, 11,
28–30,
35,
126,
135,
195,
196,
198Paulista seizure of, 194,
197 population decline of, 196 São Paulo as gateway to sertão and Indian enslavement, 24 as main center of slaving activities, 57 as the granary of Brazil, 104–114 church of São Paulo de Piratininga, 7 concentration of wealth and power in, 185 discovery of gold in. See mining: gold rush early indigenous threats against, 25 importance of chapel founding in, 185 land grants. See land grants large-scale African slavery in, 39 mission villages in. See mission villages Municipal Council, 23,
30,
34,
38,
51,
58,
61,
80,
93–94,
100,
101,
103,
104–105,
106,
107,
110,
111,
114,
124–126,
135–136,
139,
151,
164–166,
167,
183,
192–196 municipal land policy, 102 São Vicente captaincy of, 7,
10,
11,
12–13,
17–18,
21–22,
26,
30,
37,
39,
54,
106,
110,
125,
127,
134,
139,
183 Carijó slavery and plantations at, 24 early Jesuit activity in, 24,
28 epidemic disease and conflict in, 26 meeting of the municipal councils of, 136 precolonial Tupinikin populations of, 10 Sardinha, Afonso, 51,
134,
137,
197 Sardinha, Pedro Fernandes, 28 Serra da Cantareira
Sertão dos Bilreiros, 51,
54 Sertão dos Patos, 51–56,
65,
136,
158 sesmarias. See land grants shamanism, 8,
13–15,
32–34,
54 Silva, Antonio Castanho da, 72 Silva, Antonio Correia da, 150 Silva, Bento Amaral da, 179 Silva, Pedro Leme da, 166 Siqueira, Mateus Nunes de, 78,
190,
191192 slave raiding, 79–82,
96,
137,
150,
158,
172,
184,
191,
195,
203. See also bandeirantismoand centrality to colonial development, 49 and shifts in composition of captive Indian population, 160 armações as a remedy for poverty, 71 decline of, 81,
152,
203–204 emergence of new population centers, 100 end of large-scale raids on the Guarani, 64 geographical reorientation of, 67 in independent Guarani villages, 61 Jesuit legal challenges to Paulista raiding, 63 new kinds of expeditions, 49 relationship between slaving and local economy of São Paulo, 49 slavery African slavery, 18,
27,
29,
48,
58,
65,
92,
108–110,
111,
123,
124,
126,
129,
142,
150,
151,
161–162,
163,
166,
174,
183,
203,
205,
212–215,
217 and negative demographic balance, 151 barter system, 53,
54,
55 basis of colonial society, 39 bonds of solidarity in, 156 comparative Indian/African slaveries, 123 creation of pro-slavery worldview, 124–129,
130 crioulos (creoles), 149–150 development of the São Paulo region, 24 disguised as a type of forced labor, 142 ethnic distinctions and valuation, 149 formation of Brazil as a slave society, 82,
92,
109,
123,
150,
204 incorporation of former slaves into free society, 205,
207–208 inheritance of slaves, 132,
140 legal challenges to Indian slavery, 157,
208–212 legal definition of Indians as property, 140 marriage and family, 159–162 master–Indian relations, 148 negotiations over legal terminology, 138 partus sequibus ventrum, 205 preferences for Tupi and Guarani captives, 36–37,
56,
71 question of Indian freedom, 138–142. See also Indian freedom redefinition of captives as slaves, 56 religious conversion, 152 reorganization of (1640s), 67 role of indigenous intermediaries in, 53,
54,
153 royal decree of 1696, 142,
209 sale of captives of indigenous wars, 19,
20–23 slave trade, 48,
64,
138,
140 spatial organization, 162 Soares, Geraldo Correia, 196,
197 Sobrinha, Brígida, 175,
211,
212 Society of Jesus, 135. See also Jesuits Sorocaba, town of, 50,
68,
166,
205establishment, 67,
68,
97,
101,
166 Indian baptisms in, 154–155,
161 Sousa, Dom Francisco de, 49–51,
56,
95–96,
99,
112,
135 Sousa, Gabriel Soares de, 9–10,
12,
14,
36 Sousa, João Martins de, 106 Sousa, Martim Afonso de, 126 subsistence agriculture (roças)
sugar production, 23,
29,
37,
39,
59,
64,
65,
76–77,
81,
93,
213,
217 sugar-cane brandy, 53,
166,
216,
217