Index

386 generation, 148, 151, 152, 155

38th Parallel, the, 20, 263

Afghanistan, 63

Ahn Chul-soo, 165

Ahn Doo-hee, 86

Allen, Horace (missionary), 56

An Hyang, Confucian scholar, 16, 45

Andong (town), 129

Andong Kim (clan), 19, 131

Andong Kwon (clan), 129, 130, 132, 133

Andong University, 123

‘Angry 20–40’, the, 165

animism, 30

anju, 253

apartments, 212, 215 and alienation, 215

Appenzeller, Henry (missionary), 56

Apple (company), 75, 140 and product recall, 189

April Revolution (against Syngman Rhee), 86

Armed Forces Korea Network

influence on Korean music, 242

Asadal, 12

‘Asian values’ debate, 78

Bae Yong-joon, 233, 236

   success in Japan, 283

Baejae Boys High School, 57

Baek Ji-young, 119

Baekdusan (mountain), 12, 30, 62

Baekje, 13, 14, 35, 44, 163, 280

baesanimsu (geomantic principle), 213

Bakhtin, Mikhail, 123

Ballantine’s (whisky), 115

Ban Ki-moon (UN Secretary-General), 289

banmal and jondaetmal, 49

bballi bballi (quickly quickly), 139

Beijing, 16, 54, 55, 153, 261

bibimbap, 227

birth rate problem, 277, 299

   and cost of childcare, 306

   and working women, 305

BoA (singer), 283, 285

bodhisattva, 40

bone rank system, 14

Bong Joon-ho, 230, 235

bon-gwan (Korean clans), 14, 128-137

   and name trading, 18, 131

   declining importance of, 128, 133

booking (nightclub practice), 195

Borges, Jorge Luis, 126

Breen, Michael, 188

Britain, 19, 116, 189, 203

Buddhism, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 32, 34-46, 54, 62, 99, 224, 280, 309 and overcoming, 41 and shinparam, 124 arrival in Korea, 34

   as state religion, 36

   commonality with Shamanism, 37

   decline in Joseon era, 37

   Korean influence on Japan, 280

   syncretism with shamanism, 39

Bukchon, 217

Bulguksa (temple), 36, 38

Busan, 20, 96, 161, 219, 225, 244, 257

Canada, 116, 203, 204, 207, 208

capitalism, 10, 11, 66, 69, 70, 71, 151, 166

Catholicism, 54, 58

   and insularity, 58

   arrival in Korea, 54

   martyrs, 55

Cha Ji-cheol, 88

chaebol, 29, 66, 70-77, 104, 110, 132, 143, 159, 166, 171, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 180, 184

   and 1997-98 economic crisis, 75, 265

   and crime, 76, 161

   and debt, 176

   and economic growth, 73

   and female staff, 302

   and lack of competition, 72

   and layoffs, 178

   and post-crisis bargain, 266

   and press freedom, 168

   and the film industry, 231

   family rule, 71

   hiring practices, 179

   work culture, 173

Chang Ha-joon, Professor, 205, 206, 275

Chang Myon, 66, 87

charye (ceremony), 49

Chemyon (face), 112

   and education, 115

   and materialism, 113, 114

   and property prices, 115

   and social status, 114

   changing nature of, 113

Cheonan (navy corvette), 154

Cheondogyo, 84

Cheong Wa Dae (Blue House, presidential residence), 31, 86, 149

cheonmin (social class), 17, 18, 26, 37, 46, 131, 293

China, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 34, 42, 43, 45, 54, 55, 78, 83, 93, 99, 103, 113, 114, 129, 141, 152, 157, 206, 228, 233, 240, 254, 255, 260, 262, 263, 270, 275, 279, 282, 283, 285, 286, 287, 288

   and relationship with North Korea, 153

   influence on Korea, 281

Cho Bong-am, 86, 166

Cho Bong-gu, 75

Cho Seung-hui, 97

Cho Yong-gi, 61

Cho Yong-pil, 244

Choco-pie (snack), 145

Choi Je-woo, 82

Choi Kyu-ha, 88

Choi Min-sik, 232, 236

Choi Si-hyeong, 82

Chosun Ilbo, the (newspaper), 110, 123, 167, 197, 299, 303

Christian Council of Korea, 60

Christianity, 10, 18, 26, 32, 38, 54, 56, 61, 62, 80, 82, 84, 297, 309

   and homosexuality in Korea, 297

   and Korean-Americans, 64

   and opposition to Japanese colonial rule, 57

   and shamanism, 32, 62

Chun Doo-hwan, 59, 85, 88, 108, 166

   ‘3S policy’, 89

   corruption, 75, 89

   death sentence and pardon, 90

   economic liberalization, 74

   Gwangju massacre, 89, 163

Chungnyeol (king), 272

Chuseok (holiday), 49, 135, 136, 187

civil service examinations, 15, 17, 44, 46, 51, 105, 281

   and divorced women, 300

coffee shop culture, 257, 258

collaborators (Koreans aiding Japanese rule), 19

   and Syngman Rhee government, 167

Communism, 150

   and National Security Law, 84

   and Syngman Rhee, 85

competition, 101, 310

   against other countries, 102

   and income equality, 104

   and labor productivity, 108

   and mental health problems, 109

   and overeducation, 109

   education as primary outlet for, 104, 105

   marriage, 110

   physical attractiveness, 107

Confucianism, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 26, 35, 37, 41, 42-56, 62, 66, 70, 73, 74, 75, 78, 79, 82, 99, 101, 105, 112, 115, 130, 135, 137, 171, 172, 173, 193, 214, 260, 279, 280, 281, 291, 292, 296, 298, 299, 309

   and age, 48

   and business meetings, 186

   and Park Chung-hee, 173

   and paternalistic business culture, 70

   and women, 48

   and work culture, 47

   complementarity with Buddhism (Shilla era), 44

corruption, 21, 66, 83

   and development era, 69

   and Korean politics, 160

   and North Korea, 95

   Joseon era civil servants, 82

   Syngman Rhee government, 102

Corruption Perceptions Index, the, 95, 160

Daedong River, 13, 14

Daegu, 95, 164, 257

Daejanggeum, 279, 283

Daewoo, 68, 173, 188, 231

   and 1988 Seoul Olympics, 152

   collapse, 75

Dangun, 12, 126, 171, 221, 261

Danoje, 125

Darling, Alastair, 266

Dasan Jeong Yak-yong, 55, 133

defectors (North Korean), 14, 286

Democratic Labor Party, the, 159

   and North Korea, 150

democratization, 78, 90, 176, 267

   movement for, 80, 89

Deoksu Jang (clan), 272

division of Korea, 21, 38, 51, 134, 167, 262

   and ethnic nationalism, 263

   and han, 121

divorce, 200

dog meat, 14, 206, 213, 214

Donga Ilbo, the (newspaper), 165

Donghak (religion), 18, 82, 83, 84

Donghak Peasant Revolution, 82

Dongjak (area of Seoul), 115

Duo (matchmaking agency), 192, 194, 198

   system of introduction, 196

East Timor, 54

economic crisis (1997-98), 75, 177, 231, 265

   and bankruptcies, 177

   beginnings of job insecurity, 178

   impact on work culture, 178

Economist Intelligence Unit, the, 160

Ecuador, 99

education, 11, 41, 50

   and choice of marriage partner, 197

   and competition, 104

   and Confucianism, 44, 50, 51, 101

   and democracy, 79

   and Syngman Rhee, 102

   as status symbol, 114, 115

   as ticket to social elite, 194

   extreme cost of, 204

   netizen ‘witch-hunts’, 118

   women’s access to (modern Korea), 301

   women’s lack of access to (Joseon era), 47

Eightfold Path, the (Buddhism), 38

Eighth U.S. Army, the, 242

Emperor Sunjong, 57

Emperor Wu (Western Han Dynasty), 13

Emperor Yao (China), 12

English obsession, 10, 106, 109, 202-209, 282

   and birth rate, 205

   and recruitment, 203

   native-speaking teachers, 208-209

ethnic nationalism, 260, 263

   and industrial development, 172

   and prejudice, 272

   development in early 20th century, 261

   growth post-Korean War, 263

eumju-ga-mu, 125, 250

   and overcoming, 125

Ewha Girls School, 57

Ewha Women’s University, 257

Feast of Fools, 123

Federation of Korean Industries, 67

Federation of Korean Trade Unions, 175

fermentation, 221

fighting!, 101

Financial Times, the, 267

Finland, 206

First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895), 83

five relationships, the (Confucianism), 43, 47

France, 19, 96, 99, 160

funeral, traditional, 123

Gabo Reforms, 83

Gaeseong, 45

Galaxy S (Samsung product), 75, 140, 142

Galleria Department Store, 114

Gangnam (district of Seoul), 52, 60, 100, 105, 114, 207, 255

   and education, 207

   and ‘Gangnam-guk’ label, 100

Gangwon (province), 55, 72, 161

garlic, 12, 221

Genthe, Siegfried, 30

Germany, 30, 99

Gimje (town), 30

Gini coefficient, 104

GMarket (website), 137

godeung goshi (modern civil service exam), 53

Goguryeo, 13, 15, 34, 35, 44, 283

Gojong (king), 132

Gojoseon, 12

“gold miss”, 196

Grand National Party (now Saenuri), 143, 154, 155, 159

Guksadang (Shaman shrine), 31, 32

Gul, Abdullah, 286

Gung Ye, 15

gut (Shaman ceremony), 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31

   and Danoje, 125

   and overcoming, 124

gwangdae boseot (magic mushrooms), 30

Gwangju, 89, 163, 257

Gwangju massacre, 89

gye (mutual aid societies), 98

Gyeon Hwon, 15

Gyeongbokgung (palace), 31

Gyeonggi Province, 203, 293

Gyeongju (city, capital of Shilla), 35, 129, 133

Gyeongsang Province, 82, 95, 129, 161, 163, 164, 165, 214, 304, 309

   and regional rivalry with Jeolla, 163

   reputation for conservatism and sexism, 304

Gyeryong-san (mountain), 32

Haeinsa (temple), 36

haenyeo, 304

   decline of, 304

hakwon (private educational institute), 106, 108, 202, 203, 205, 208, 209

   and sleep deprivation, 205

Halla-san (mountain), 30

hallyu, 233, 234, 279, 286, 287, 289

   and diplomacy, 286

   aspirational value in Southeast Asia, 284

   government support for, 286

   hype and backlash, 287, 288

   succcessful TV dramas, 283

Hamgyeong Province, 82

han, 10, 120, 123, 127, 229, 235

   and appeal of hallyu, 284

   and Korean cinema, 235

   and Korean music, 245

   and melancholy in popular culture, 122

Han River, 27, 115, 272, 278

Han Seung-joo, 66

Han Young-yong, 221

Hanahoe, 88, 89

hanbok, 199, 216, 282

Hangul (Korean writing system), 17, 56, 79, 80

hanja (Chinese characters), 17, 56, 79, 261, 281

Hankyoreh, the (newspaper), 167

hanok (Korean house), 142, 212, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218

   decline and rebirth, 215

   and sustainability, 217

   traditional vs. modern debate, 217

han-puli, 123, 235

Harvard University, 59, 84, 106, 116, 262

Hawaii, 66, 87

Hermit Kingdom (image of Korea), 19, 272

heung, 10, 120, 124, 126, 235, 310

Hiddink, Guus, 268

Hilton, Paris, 119

Hofstede, Geert (Professor), 97, 99

hoju system, 298

Homer B. Hulbert (missionary), 46

homosexuality, 291-297

   and rural Korea, 293

   celebrity, and double standard, 294

   current attitude to, 296

   in ancient Korea, 293

 

Hong Gyeong-nae (peasant uprising leader), 18, 81

Hong Myung-bo, 267

Hong Seok-cheon, 257, 291, 296

   ‘coming out’, 294

   turnaround in fortunes, 295

Hongdae (university district), 142, 240, 246, 247, 254

   development as a party destination, 254

   indie music scene, 246

   record shops, 249

Hu Jintao, 97

Hubaekje (later Baekje), 15, 163

Hugoguryeo (later Goguryeo), 15

Humax (company), 72

hwaishik (company drinking session), 250

and health problems, 251

Hwang Doo-jin, 213, 215, 216, 218, 289, 304

Hwang Sang-min, Professor, 113, 116

Hwanghae (province), 55

Hwanin (Lord of Heaven), 12

Hwanung, 12, 221

Hwarang (warriors), 35, 44, 293

Hyundai, 9, 60, 71, 74, 75, 77, 132, 152, 168, 172, 174, 177, 179, 184, 189, 265, 266, 269, 287, 289

   and presidential pardons, 162

   Hyundai Motor Union, 180

   response to economic crisis, 266

   work culture, 174

Ichadon, 35

Imjin Waeran invasions (1592-1598), 18, 37, 54, 131, 222, 256, 261, 280

import substitution, 69

Incheon, 20, 25, 135, 263

Incheon Airport, 135

Individualism Index, 97, 99

industrial soldiers, 102, 109, 172, 174, 264

industrialization, 20, 102, 172, 218, 251

   and removal of hanok, 215

   and the sex industry, 172

   as ‘sacred quest’, 172

Inner Mongolia, 13

International Monetary Fund (the), 176, 177, 178, 265, 266

   and national pride, 265

   bailout, 177

Inwang-san (mountain), 31, 32, 62

iPhone (Apple product), 75, 144, 189

Iraq, 63

Itaewon, 256, 292

   development and reputation, 256

   gentrification, 256

jaeki-chagi (game), 123

jakmyeong (name-making), 137

Jang (condiments), 222

Jang Hoon, Professor, 159

Japan, 9, 18, 19, 20, 32, 35, 37, 40, 42, 51, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 67, 68, 70, 78, 83, 85, 93, 97, 99, 102, 116, 121, 123, 125, 130, 132, 142, 160,167, 176, 185, 209, 234, 240, 256, 260, 261, 262, 264, 267, 270, 275, 277, 278, 279, 280, 282, 283, 285, 287, 288, 290, 298, 302

   influence on Korea, 281

Japanese colonial rule, 19, 20, 38, 57, 62, 99, 132, 261

   and han, 121

   and ethnic nationalism, 260

   and Korean pop music, 242

   and namsadang, 294

   architecture, 214

   corrupt purchase of assets, in aftermath of, 67

Japan-Korea Treaty of 1910, 19

Jeju Island, 30, 82

   and eochongye, 99

   and women, 304

Jeolla Province, 82, 83, 89, 95, 163, 164, 165, 214, 221, 225, 274, 304, 309

   and regional rivalry with Gyeongsang, 163

jeom (Shamanic practice), 29

Jeon Tae-il, 175

jeong, 10, 40, 92-100, 120, 136, 182, 284

   and Buddhism, 39

   and elite social groups, 160

   and groups, 93

   and rationality, 95

   and woori, 93

   miun-jeong, 92

Jeong Bong-ju, 117

Jeong Do-jeon, 37, 45

Jeong Ju-young, 72, 132, 152, 174

   and Goryeong Bridge project, 184

   and self-belief, 73

   relationship with Park Chung-hee, 73

Jeonju (city), 83, 133

jeonse (housing deposit system), 137, 198

Jesa (ceremony), 49, 50, 55, 297

Jesus Christ, 64

   and Shamanism, 25, 28

jipan (family unit), 134

Jiri-san (mountain), 30, 62

Jogye Order, 38

jokbo (family record), 129, 133

Joongang Ilbo, the (newspaper), 154, 167

Joongang University, 159, 162

Joseon dynasty, 17, 18, 26, 28, 31, 37, 42, 44, 46, 47, 51, 52, 57, 79, 81, 83, 105, 113, 128, 130, 133, 137, 153, 173, 203, 233, 263, 281, 283, 291, 292, 293, 298, 299, 300, 304

   and female roles, 300

   Chinese influence on, 281

   relations with China, 260

Joseph Stalin, 20, 84

Jun Ji-hyun, 232, 233, 284, 288

   and hallyu, 233

jungin (social class), 17, 18, 131

jungmae (matchmaking), 192

Jurchens, 129

JYP Entertainment, 247

Kabul, 63

Kaesong (city), 45, 152, 213

kaizen (continuous improvement), 40

Kandahar, 63

Kia, 9, 75, 177, 289

Kim (family name), 128

Kim Beom-woo (Christian martyr), 55

Kim Chang-ryong, 86

Kim Chu-ja, 243

Kim Dae-jung, 75, 84, 87, 90, 95, 126, 148, 152, 153, 166, 269, 281

   and ‘Asian Values’, 78

   pardon of Chun and Roh, 90

Kim Gu, 11, 86, 262

Kim Hye-jeong, 192, 196

Kim Il-sung, 20, 21, 84, 152, 154, 262

Kim Jae-gyu, 88

Kim Jong-il, 148, 152, 154

Kim Jong-un, 148, 155

Kim Jung-mi, 243

Kim Kkobbi, 229, 235

Kim Kwang-seok, 244

Kim Min-gi, 244

Kim Ui-cheol, Professor, 40, 123

Kim Woo-choong, 68, 75, 188

Kim Young-sam, 84, 90, 151

   and “woori-ga nam-iga?”, 96

   pardon of Chun and Roh, 90

Kim Yu-shin, General, 14

Kim, Patti, 242

kimchi, 220, 221, 223, 254

   different varieties, 222

Kimhae Kim (clan), 18, 131, 134

King Yeongjo, 55, 225

kisaeng, 170, 301

Ko Un, 122, 124

   and Han, 121

Kong Fuzi (Confucius), 42

Konglish, 209

Kongmin (King), 292

Korea University, 51, 87

Korean Air, 153

‘Korean barbecue’ (samgyeogpsal, etc.), 224, 253

Korean cinema, 229-236

   ‘golden age’, 1998-2005, 232

   and late 1990s venture boom, 231

Korean cuisine, 220-228

   and service culture, 227

Korean War, 10, 25, 41, 59, 66, 85, 86, 99, 101, 104, 122, 134, 148, 150, 155, 206, 233, 250, 263, 272

Koryo (dynasty), 16, 17, 36, 44, 45, 47, 98, 129, 163, 213, 224, 272, 291, 292, 298, 299, 304

K-pop, 240, 247, 284, 286

media exaggeration of success of, 289

Kwon (family name), 129

Kwon Youngse, 155, 156

Kwon, Edward, 227

Kyunghyang Shinmun, the (newspaper), 161, 167

Lankov, Andrei, 274

Laozi, 129

Lee (family name), 128

Lee Byung-chul, 67, 72

   dealings with Park Chung-hee, 67

Lee Chang-dong, 233, 234

Lee Hyo-ri, 233, 248, 249

Lee Jin-ho, 225, 227

Lee Kuan Yew, 78

Lee Kun-hee, 132

Lee Myung-bak, 60, 61, 94, 103, 117, 119, 133, 155, 163, 169

   2007 election victory, 163

   and hallyu, 286

   and North Korea policy, 145

   and presidential power, 153

   and summer 2008 protests, 269

   imprisonment, 1965, 167

   views on homosexuality, 297

Lee Wan-yong, 57

Lelang Commandery, 13, 44

lesbianism, 296

LG, 69, 74, 75, 77, 142, 152, 172

   corporate song, 174

Liao River (China), 13

Liberal Party (Syngman Rhee), 85

Lim Jae-hae, Professor, 123

Lithuania, 11, 311

Lotte, 70, 74, 75

M*A*S*H, 9, 267

MacArthur, Douglas (General), 2, 20, 263

   and shamanism, 25

Mahatir Mohamad, 78

Mahayana (Buddhism), 39

makgeolli (rice wine), 253, 255, 265

Malaysia, 78

Manchuria, 12, 13, 34, 56, 214

March 1st Movement, 83

Marxism, 82

McKinsey Consulting, 114

M-curve pattern, 306, 307

Meiji Restoration (Japan, 1868), 19

“Membership Training”, 98

Minerva (online forum user), 118

Ming dynasty (China), 17, 18

“miracle on the Han River”, 11, 78

Mongols, 16, 36, 272

   and soju, 252

   influence on Korean cuisine, 224

mountains (importance in Korean culture), 30, 31, 32, 34, 62

   and geomantic principles, 213

   and recreation, 255

Muhan Dojeon (Infinite Challenge), 144

multiculturalism, 268, 271, 276

   and birth rate problem, 276

   and generational differences, 275

   and mixed marriage, 273

   and rural Korea, 273

   government campaigns, 274

   growth in, 271

Musok (shamanism), 10, 24, 32-39, 46, 61, 137, 280

   and flexibility, 32

   attacked by neo-Confucians, 46

musok-in (Korean shaman), 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 208

   and Buddhism, 36

   and women’s role in society, 301

myeongpum (luxury goods), 114, 311

myeongye hweson (defamation), 117

Myocheong (monk)

   and pungsu-jiri, 213

nakhasan (“parachute” appointment), 162, 168

   and the financial industry, 162

Nam Sang-ah, 247

name trading, 130

namsadang (itinerant entertainers), 293

Namsan, 31, 241

Naneun Ggomsuda (podcast), 117, 169

National Assembly, the, 60, 85, 112, 145, 149, 155, 159, 160, 220, 298

national curfew, 250

National Security Law, 85, 149, 150

naver.com, 72, 143

NCSoft, 72, 76, 143

neo-Confucianism, 16, 26, 37, 45, 47, 130, 298

   and homosexuality, 293

   and Park Chung-hee, 173

   and women, 299

   as state ideology of Joseon, 46

   hostility to Buddhism, 45

neo-yangban, 105, 207

New Orleans, 124

New York Times, the, 26, 75, 118, 172, 202, 227

Nexon, 181

NHN, 72, 76, 143

nol-ttwigi (game), 125, 300

noraebang (singing room), 125, 194, 254

North Korea/DPRK, 10, 17, 20, 21, 60, 66, 68, 71, 72, 81, 84, 85, 86, 95, 134, 148, 149, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 166, 171, 219, 220, 252, 263, 277, 280, 311

   and hallyu, 286

   and Korean language, 210

   declining interest in reunification with, 156

   strong ethnic nationalism of, 272

nuclear family, 128, 135, 136

O’Rourke, P.J, 81

Obama, Barack, 97

OECD, the, 65, 109, 135, 164, 170, 179, 206, 280, 290, 306, 310

labor market flexibility survey, 180

Ohmynews (news website), 143, 168

Old Korean (Godae Gukeo), 13

Olympus (Japanese company), 140

overseas aid, 278

   benefits of, 290

pa (kinship structure), 134

   loss of relevance, 134

Pakistan, 99, 277

Paquet, Darcy, 231, 234, 288

Park (family name), 128

Park Chan-wook, 230, 232, 234, 238

   and so-called “extreme Asia”, 236

Park Chung-hee, 38, 66, 68, 73, 74, 85, 88, 95, 102, 103, 109, 145, 151, 159, 166, 172, 175, 207, 231, 250, 264, 265, 286

   and apartment living, 214

   and competition, 102

   and ethnic nationalism, 172, 264

   and mercantilism, 69

   and repression, 87

   and the film industry, 229

   and the music industry, 240

   and trade unions, 175

   and work culture, 170

   anti-Communism, 149

   assassination, 88

   coup, 87

   election victories, 87

   numerical economic targets, 103

Park Geun-hye, 155, 163, 165

Park Jong-chul, 89

Park Jung-sook, 280, 282, 284, 290

Park Won-soon, 60, 80, 87, 90, 110, 150, 165

   election of (2011), 165

Park Yeon-cha (businessman), 161, 165, 168

   corruption case, 161

Pearl Sisters, the, 242

People’s Solidarity for Participatory Democracy (PSPD), 154

Philippines, the, 54, 228, 276, 279, 290

plastic surgery, 107, 287, 311

   and Gangnam district, 207

   and hallyu, 285

   as everyday phenomenon, 107

pojang macha (tent bar), 125, 225, 253, 254

poktanju (bomb alcohol), 183, 186

pollack (fish)

   and Shamanic practice, 29, 31

POSCO, 94, 96

Protestantism, 38, 281

   and education, 57

   and independence movement, 58

   and politics, 60, 61

   arrival in Korea, 58

   association with the USA, 56

   fervency, 60, 62

   megachurches, 61

   missionaries, 63

   relationship with Buddhism, 64

   tithing, 63

Putin, Vladimir, 97

Pyeongan Province, 81

Pyongyang, 12, 148, 149, 150, 152, 153, 154, 155, 213

Qing dynasty (China), 18, 83

Queen Jeongsun, 56

Queen Min, 26, 29, 46

Rain (pop star), 97, 248, 279, 286

“real name” law, 118

red pepper, 222

religious syncretism, 84

Rhee, Syngman, 20, 51, 59, 84, 88, 104, 166, 262, 281

   1960 downfall, 66

   and anti-Communism, 149

   and education, 102, 171

   and ethnic nationalism, 264

   martial law, 85

Roh Moo-hyun, 96, 99, 145, 148, 153, 164, 168, 269

   and bribery scandal, 161

   and Constitutional Court, 160

   death of, 117

   reduction of working hours, 180

Roh Tae-woo, 89, 90, 95, 151

   death sentence and pardon, 90

room salon (hostess bar), 186

Ross, John (missionary), 56

Russia, 19, 57, 113, 263, 277

Rutt, Richard, 293

Saenuri Party (former Grand National Party), 155, 156, 159, 161, 163, 164, 165

Samga (founder of Deoksu Jang clan), 129, 272

Samguk Yusa, 12

Samho, 68, 75

Samsung, 40, 67, 69, 71, 72, 74, 75, 77, 109, 132, 140, 142, 172, 205, 231, 248, 287, 289, 303

   and fast-follower strategy, 142

   and Michael Breen lawsuit, 188

   competitiveness, 75

   presidential pardon of Lee Kun-hee, 162

samulnori, 126

Sangha (Buddhism), 39

   and business culture, 40

   and collectivism, 99

sangmin (social class), 17, 19, 37

Sanshin, 32, 34, 36

   and syncretism, 32

sarangchae (room), 214

Satisfaction with Life Index, the, 111

Satsuma porcelain, 281

Sejong the Great (King), 17, 46, 56, 79, 130, 292, 299

Seo Tai-ji, 245

Seocho (area of Seoul), 105, 115

Seokguram Grotto, 35

Seollal (lunar new year), 135, 136, 187

seon (marriage interview), 193

Seonbawi (Zen Rock), 32

Seoul, 9, 11, 21, 31, 45, 50, 51, 55, 57, 60, 64, 74, 80, 82, 83, 89, 90, 93, 94, 96, 100, 104, 106, 110, 114, 115, 125, 128, 134, 136, 139, 141, 142, 148, 150, 151, 154, 155, 156, 164, 165, 170, 172, 175, 178, 180, 181, 184, 189, 192, 204, 207, 214, 217, 219, 221, 227, 230, 241, 242, 244, 250, 254, 255, 257, 258, 267, 268, 269, 274, 280, 285, 286, 287, 289, 292, 302, 304, 305

   apartment prices, 164

   population imbalance, 219

   traffic out on national holidays, 135

Seoul Metro, 108, 142, 274

   unnecessary hallyu sponsorship, 287

Seoul National University, 51, 72, 87, 104, 156

Seoul Olympics (1988), 267

sex slavery (“comfort women”), 20, 261

Shanghai, 84, 262, 285

Shilla (dynasty), 13, 14, 15, 34, 35, 36, 44, 128, 129, 163, 224, 293, 298

   status of women, 299

Shin Chae-ho, 261

Shin Joong-hyun, 240, 241, 245, 249

   and American music, 242

   arrest and imprisonment, 241

Shin Kyung-sook, 289

Shin Saimdang, 48

Shinhan Bank, 76

shinparam, 124

Shinto, 20, 31

   enforced practice of, 281

Siberia, 12, 24

sijo (founder of a clan), 129, 134

Singapore, 11, 78, 162, 219

Sinsi (“City of God”), 12

Sinyu persecution (1801), 55

SK Corporation, 152

   and presidential pardons, 162

SK Telecom, 140

SKY (group of elite universities), 52, 207

SM Entertainment, 248, 249

smartphones, 72, 140, 144

Smith, Adam, 94

Socrates, 43

sogaeting (blind date), 194

Sogang University, 285

soju (drink), 98, 125, 183, 200, 225, 248, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255

Somang Church (megachurch), 93

Son Byeong-hui, 83

Song Kang-ho, 232

Songdo (city), 140

Southeast Asians (prejudice against), 275

street food, 226

suicide, 11, 110, 116, 175, 310, 311

   and celebrity, 116

   and reputation, 188

   and social expectations, 116

suneung (university entrance examination), 52, 116, 203

sunshine policy, 148, 156

Tablo (musician), 118

Taegukgi (film), 233, 284

   and han, 122

Taiwan, 99, 283, 288

Taliban, the, 63

Tang Dynasty (China), 14, 293

Tapgol Park, 125, 255

Terauchi Masatake, 57

The King and the Clown (film), 233, 294

Third Line Butterfly, 247

Three Kingdoms period, 44, 128

Time Magazine, 97, 120, 248

“T-K Mafia”, the, 95

Toyota, 40, 214

Toyotomi Hideyoshi, 18, 261

trade unions, 175, 176

   and post-crisis bargain, 266

Treaty of Ganghwa, the, 19

Tripitaka Koreana, 16, 36, 44

trot (bbongjjak), 243, 255

Twitter, 143, 158, 287

   and politics, 169

UCLA, 92, 97, 230

Uighurs, 129, 272

UN Gender Empowerment Measure, 298

UN Human Development Index, 111

UN Security Council, the, 154

under-circles (protest groups), 87

Underwood, Horace (missionary), 56

Underwood, Peter, 94, 182, 184, 186, 189, 191

Unification Church (‘Moonies’), 273

United Democratic Party (UDP), 159

United Nations, the, 20, 84, 118, 263, 277, 302

United States of America, the, 9, 19, 20, 40, 52, 56, 58, 59, 60, 63, 66, 86, 93, 97, 103, 116, 133, 140, 150, 151, 160, 173, 177, 184, 203, 204, 206, 207, 223, 228, 242, 262, 269, 270, 275, 281, 282, 285, 289, 290, 297

   and Korean political framework, 160

   influence on South Korea, 281

University of Illinois, 113

upahana (Indian concept), 121

urbanization, 74

USSR, the, 20, 84, 152, 166, 262

Vietnam, 42, 228, 279, 284, 285, 290

Vietnam War, 68, 172, 243, 285

Wang Geon (King Taejo), 15, 36, 129, 130

and regional divide, 163

Wealth of Nations, The, 94

weddings, 199

   financial considerations, 199

Western Han Dynasty, 13

White Day, 200

William of Wykeham, 43

Wilson, Woodrow, 58

women (status of), 17, 26, 50, 136, 214, 298

   and employment in modern Korea, 307

   and household finances, 303

   at work, 172, 179

   decline in Joseon era, 47, 299

   foreign brides, 274

   in modern Korea, 302

   Jeju Island, 305

Woori and Nam, 95, 182

   and Korea, 96

   and nationality, 271

   mistrust of strangers, 182

Woori Bank, 96

Woori Party, the, 96, 160

World Cup (2002), 126, 150, 254, 267, 268

   and heung, 120

   and national pride, 267

World Health Organization, the, 125, 251

World War Two, 59, 123, 160, 262

Yahoo! Korea, 115

Yalu River (China), 13, 21

Yan (Chinese state), 13

Yang Ik-jun, 235, 236

yangban (social class), 17, 19, 51, 79, 98, 105, 113, 123, 130, 173, 182, 207, 213, 217, 281, 300

   status of women, 299

Yeonhee-dong (district of Seoul), 90

Yeonpyeong attack, 2010, 154, 155

Yeonsangun (King), 80

Yeouido (location of parliament and financial district), 81, 112, 159, 162, 225

YG Entertainment, 248

Yi Seok, 132

Yi Seong-gye (King Taejo of Joseon), 17, 45, 47

Yi Soyeon, 299, 303, 305, 312

   family and education, 301

Yi Sun-shin, General, 18

Yi Won, 133

Yoido Full Gospel Church (megachurch), 61

Yonsei University, 51, 57, 87, 109, 113

Yoon Po-seon, 66

Yu Su-won (scholar), 130

Yuan (dynasty), 16

Yuri, Shilla king, 129

Yushin Constitution, the, 87, 88, 229

Zhou Wenmo (priest), 55

Zhu Xi, 45, 46, 50