Hosea 1

a 1:1 Hebrew Joash, a variant of Jehoash

b 1:9 Or your I AM

c 1:11 In Hebrew texts 1:10, 11 is numbered 2:1,2.

Hosea 2

a In Hebrew texts 2:1–23 is numbered 2:3–25.

b 2:15 Achor means trouble.

c 2:15 Or sing

d 2:16 Hebrew baal

e 2:19 Or with

f 2:19 Or with

g 2:20 Or with

h 2:22 Jezreel means God plants.

i 2:23 Hebrew Lo-Ruhamah (see 1:6)

j 2:23 Hebrew Lo-Ammi (see 1:9)

Hosea 3

a 3:2 That is, about 6 ounces or about 170 grams

b 3:2 A homer and a lethek possibly weighed about 430 pounds or about 195 kilograms.

Hosea 4

a 4:2 That is, to pronounce a curse on

b 4:7 Syriac (see also an ancient Hebrew scribal tradition); Masoretic Text me; / I will exchange their glory

c 4:15 Beth Aven means house of wickedness (a derogatory name for Bethel, which means house of God).

Hosea 5

a 5:7 Or Now their New Moon feasts / will devour them and

b 5:8 Beth Aven means house of wickedness (a derogatory name for Bethel, which means house of God).

c 5:11 The meaning of the Hebrew for this word is uncertain.

Hosea 6

a 6:5 The meaning of the Hebrew for this line is uncertain.

b 6:7 Or Like Adam; or Like human beings

Hosea 7

a 7:14 Some Hebrew manuscripts and Septuagint; most Hebrew manuscripts They gather together

Hosea 9

a 9:8 Or The prophet is the watchman over Ephraim, / the people of my God

Hosea 10

a 10:5 Beth Aven means house of wickedness (a derogatory name for Bethel, which means house of God).

b 10:8 Hebrew aven, a reference to Beth Aven (a derogatory name for Bethel); see verse 5.

c 10:9 Or there a stand was taken

Hosea 11

a 11:2 Septuagint; Hebrew them

b 11:12 In Hebrew texts this verse (11:12) is numbered 12:1.

Hosea 12

a In Hebrew texts 12:1–14 is numbered 12:2–15.

b 12:2 Jacob means he grasps the heel, a Hebrew idiom for he takes advantage of or he deceives.

c 12:12 That is, Northwest Mesopotamia

Hosea 13

a 13:2 Or “Men who sacrifice / kiss

b 13:16 In Hebrew texts this verse (13:16) is numbered 14:1.

Hosea 14

a In Hebrew texts 14:1–9 is numbered 14:2–10.

b 14:2 Or offer our lips as sacrifices of bulls

c 14:8 Or Hebrew; Septuagint What more has Ephraim