Romans 1
a 1:3 Or who according to the flesh
b 1:4 Or was declared with power to be the Son of God
c 1:5 Or that is
d 1:13 The Greek word for brothers and sisters (adelphoi) refers here to believers, both men and women, as part of God’s family; also in 7:1, 4; 8:12, 29; 10:1; 11:25; 12:1; 15:14, 30; 16:14, 17.
e 1:17 Or is from faith to faith
Romans 2
a 2:6 Psalm 62:12; Prov. 24:12
b 2:24 Isaiah 52:5 (see Septuagint); Ezek. 36:20, 22
c 2:27 Or who, by means of a
Romans 3
a 3:4 Psalm 51:4
b 3:12 Psalms 14:1–3; 53:1–3; Eccles. 7:20
d 3:13 Psalm 140:3
e 3:14 Psalm 10:7 (see Septuagint)
f 3:17 Isaiah 59:7, 8
g 3:18 Psalm 36:1
h 3:22 Or through the faithfulness of
i 3:25 The Greek for sacrifice of atonement refers to the atonement cover on the ark of the covenant (see Lev. 16:15, 16).
Romans 4
Romans 5
Romans 6
Romans 7
a 7:5 In contexts like this, the Greek word for flesh (sarx) refers to the sinful state of human beings, often presented as a power in opposition to the Spirit.
b 7:7 Exodus 20:17; Deut. 5:21
c 7:18 Or my flesh
d 7:25 Or in the flesh
Romans 8
a 8:2 The Greek is singular; some manuscripts me
b 8:3 In contexts like this, the Greek word for flesh (sarx) refers to the sinful state of human beings, often presented as a power in opposition to the Spirit; also in verses 4–13.
c 8:3 Or flesh, for sin
d 8:10 Or you, your body is dead because of sin, yet your spirit is alive
e 8:11 Some manuscripts bodies through
f 8:15 The Greek word for adoption to sonship is a term referring to the full legal standing of an adopted male heir in Roman culture; also in verse 23.
g 8:15 Aramaic for father
h 8:20, 21 Or subjected it in hope. 21For
i 8:28 Or that all things work together for good to those who love God, who; or that in all things God works together with those who love him to bring about what is good—with those who
j 8:36 Psalm 44:22
k 8:38 Or nor heavenly rulers
Romans 9
a 9:5 Or Messiah, who is over all. God be forever praised! Or Messiah. God who is over all be forever praised!
b 9:7 Gen. 21:12
c 9:9 Gen. 18:10, 14
d 9:12 Gen. 25:23
f 9:15 Exodus 33:19
g 9:17 Exodus 9:16
h 9:20 Isaiah 29:16; 45:9
i 9:25 Hosea 2:23
j 9:26 Hosea 1:10
k 9:28 Isaiah 10:22, 23 (see Septuagint)
l 9:29 Isaiah 1:9
m 9:33 Isaiah 8:14; 28:16
Romans 10
b 10:6 Deut. 30:12
c 10:7 Deut. 30:13
d 10:8 Deut. 30:14
e 10:11 Isaiah 28:16 (see Septuagint)
g 10:15 Isaiah 52:7
h 10:16 Isaiah 53:1
i 10:18 Psalm 19:4
j 10:19 Deut. 32:21
k 10:20 Isaiah 65:1
l 10:21 Isaiah 65:2
Romans 11
a 11:3 1 Kings 19:10, 14
b 11:4 1 Kings 19:18
c 11:8 Deut. 29:4; Isaiah 29:10
d 11:10 Psalm 69:22, 23
e 11:26 Or and so
f 11:27 Or will be
g 11:27 Isaiah 59:20, 21; 27:9 (see Septuagint); Jer. 31:33, 34
h 11:31 Some manuscripts do not have now.
i 11:33 Or riches and the wisdom and the
j 11:34 Isaiah 40:13
Romans 12
a 12:6 Or the
b 12:8 Or to provide for others
c 12:16 Or willing to do menial work
d 12:19 Deut. 32:35
e 12:20 Prov. 25:21, 22
Romans 13
a 13:9 Exodus 20:13–15, 17; Deut. 5:17–19, 21
b 13:9 Lev. 19:18
c 13:14 In contexts like this, the Greek word for flesh (sarx) refers to the sinful state of human beings, often presented as a power in opposition to the Spirit.
Romans 14
a 14:10 The Greek word for brother or sister (adelphos) refers here to a believer, whether man or woman, as part of God’s family; also in verses 13, 15 and 21.
b 14:11 Isaiah 45:23
c 14:23 Some manuscripts place 16:25–27 here; others after 15:33.
Romans 15
a 15:3 Psalm 69:9
b 15:8 Greek circumcision
c 15:9 2 Samuel 22:50; Psalm 18:49
d 15:10 Deut. 32:43
e 15:11 Psalm 117:1
f 15:12 Isaiah 11:10 (see Septuagint)
g 15:21 Isaiah 52:15 (see Septuagint)
Romans 16
a 16:1 Or servant
b 16:1 The word deacon refers here to a Christian designated to serve with the overseers/elders of the church in a variety of ways; similarly in Phil. 1:1 and 1 Tim. 3:8, 12.
c 16:3 Greek Prisca, a variant of Priscilla
d 16:7 Or are esteemed by
e 16:24 Some manuscripts include here May the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with all of you. Amen.
f 16:26 Or that is