abstract expressionism, 15, 180 n. 50
abstraction
antinaturalist, 52, 96, 125, 127, 135, 154
distortion and, 48, 192 n. 100
expressive, 157
modernist, 32, 48, 114, 170, 183 n. 32, 191 n. 86
symbolist, 12, 19, 173, 180 n. 45, 191 n. 86
Académie Julian, 70, 85, 193 n. 19, 195 n. 41
Academy, French. See École des Beaux-Arts
Academy, French, dictionary of, 4–5, 34, 177–78 n. 14, 196 n. 70
Adam, Paul, 34, 183–84 n. 50, 186 n. 84
Albert, Henri, 180 n. 53, 180 n. 54
Anquetin, Louis, 67
anticolonialism, 169
antinaturalism
visual practice of, 9, 12, 22, 52–53, 62, 160
antipsychiatry, 169
Antoine, André, 116, 199 n. 29
Antoine, Jules, 62–64
arabesque
Romanticism and, 97
symbolist, 99
Taine on, 90
Vuillard’s theorization of, 89, 100–101
Vuillard’s use of, 9, 22, 82, 85, 96–97, 99, 101–4
Asch, Max, 154, 200 n. 59, 204 n. 49
At the Black Piglet. See Black Piglet, At the
Aubé, Benjamin, 181 n. 8, 182 n. 11
Aurier, G.-Albert
on Béraud, 143
on Gauguin, 16, 51, 62–63, 190 n. 53
on symbolism, 1–2, 44, 62–63, 72
on van Gogh, 16, 140, 142, 192 n. 95
automatism
avant-garde uses of, 99, 114, 202 n. 87
gender and, 109
psychological studies of, 43, 83, 93
Strindberg’s use of, 113–14, 127, 132–33, 135, 202 n. 87
in Vuillard’s approach to nature, 85, 87, 92–95, 108
in Vuillard’s arabesques, 95–96, 99–102, 104, 108, 193 n. 20
in Vuillard’s habitual work, 106, 108
avant-garde
antiaestheticism of, 9
automatism and, 99, 114, 202 n. 87
Black Piglet, At the, as an, 22, 113, 121, 130, 152
as experimental, 1–2, 5, 14, 25, 30, 32–33, 174, 176, 177 n. 1, 183 n. 32
history of, 177 n. 1
modernism and, 112
Munch as, 160
Neoimpressionism as, 1, 186 n. 84
primitivism and, 9
psychiatric, 140, 160–61, 163, 169
science and, 25, 121, 161, 186 n. 84
Strindberg as, 133–35
symbolist, 1–2, 20–21, 44, 62, 111, 163
theater, 99
unconscious and, 82, 180 n. 50
baccalaureate, philosophy, 18, 70, 83–84, 93, 191 n. 83
Bacon, Francis, 69, 72, 111, 178 n. 19
Balzac, Honoré, 111
Barc de Boutteville, gallery of, 194 n. 22, 197 n. 83
Barrès, Maurice, 18, 180, n. 59, 180 n. 63
Baudelaire, Charles, 51, 73, 189 n. 23
Beaunis, Henri, 119
Bélugou, Léon
circle of, 180–81 n. 61
pathological method, promoter of, 19–21
psychology, promoter of, 15, 19–21
Ribot’s courses, attendance and notes on, 19–22, 93
Taine, survey on, 18–19
Benjamin, Roger, 82, 192 n. 107
Benjamin, Walter, 143–44, 203 n. 22
Béraud, Jean, 140–43, 153, 203 n. 21
Bergh, Richard, 128, 205 n. 55
Bergson, Henri, 3, 18, 194 n. 32
Berliner Gesellschaft für Experimental-Psychologie, 154
Berman, Patricia G., 139, 203–4 n. 36
Bernard, Claude
on doubt, 107
experimental method, promoter of, 3–4, 7, 26, 177 n. 11
idealism and, 41–44
Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine: a priori idea, role in, 25, 28, 36; influence of, 3–4, 25, 39, 42–43, 112, 183 n. 33; Zola’s use of, 21, 26–29, 36, 39
Laforgue, admiration for, 35–36, 38, 185 n. 74
Lessons on Animal Heat, 5
painting of, 3–4
pathological method of, 6–7, 27
unconscious and, 38
Bernard, Émile, 33, 47, 60–62, 189 n. 50
Berthelot, Marcellin, 39
Bethlem Hospital, 164
Bhogal, Gurminder Kaur, 99, 196 n. 75
billiards, 140–42, 202, n. 12, 202 n. 13
Binet, Alfred, 20–21
Bjørnson, Bjørnstjerne, 115
Black Piglet, At the
avant-garde, as, 22, 113, 121, 130, 161
Munch, support for, 121, 139, 151–54
intellectual milieu, as a, 113, 127, 130, 156, 204 n. 36, 205 n. 55
scientific milieu, as a, 121
Sphinx, contributions to, 154
Blavet, Émile, 34–35
Bonnard, Pierre
criticism of, 67
Décor, ownership of, 57, 187 n. 6
Denis on, 75–76
Mantelpiece, 57–58, 75, 189 n. 39–42
Nabi, associations with, 52, 85, 103, 189 n. 29, 192 n. 104, 193 n. 8
Revue blanche, association with, 16, 193 n. 8
Seated Nude, 192 n. 104
Bonnat, Léon, 49
Bouillon, Jean-Paul, 69, 179 n. 42, 191 n. 82, 192 n. 93
Bourget, Paul, 180 n. 63, 181 n. 2
Boutroux, Émile, 18, 180 n. 61
Brahm, Alcanter de, 160
Brain, Robert M., 180 n. 47, 204 n. 43
Brandes, Georg, 116, 120, 152, 198 n. 5
Broude, Norma, 182 n. 28, 183 n. 34, 184 n. 52
Broussais, Victor, 178 n. 20
Brunetière, Ferdinand, 27–28, 35, 115, 184 n. 58
Bürger, Peter, 177 n. 1
Burty, Philippe, 34
Caillié, René, 41–44
Canguilhem, Georges, 6, 178 n. 23
caricature
of Cézanne, 60
deformation and, 189 n. 37
of Flaubert, 119
by Mirliton (of work by Vuillard), 79–81, 101, 109
in Vuillard, 99, 101, 197 n. 78, 197 n. 88, 197 n. 92
Caro, Elme Marie, 25, 39, 181 n. 1, 185 n. 74
Carroy, Jacqueline, 7
Catholicism, 18, 180 n. 60, 188 n. 33
Céard, Henry, 27–28, 182 n. 12
Cézanne, Paul
Achille Emperaire, 59–60
art, statements on, 33, 87, 183 n. 45, 183 n. 46
caricature of, 60
criticism on, 32, 47, 67, 73–77
deformation and, 47–48, 59–60, 67, 74, 192 n. 100
doubt and, 104
influence of, 60
psychology and, 189 n. 46, 206 n. 2
symbolism and, 206 n. 2
Wife of the Garbage Collector, 59–60, 62
Champ-de-Mars, Salon du, 143, 203 n. 21
Charcot, Jean-Martin, 34, 119, 134, 164, 179 n. 33
Chimère, Le, 42
Clair, Jean, 12
Clark, T. J., 15
classicism, 37–38, 68, 73, 189 n. 39, 190 n. 76, 192 n. 5
Cogeval, Guy, 192 n. 3, 193 n. 20, 194 n. 32, 195 n. 51
Collège de France, 7, 18–20, 106
Comte, Auguste, 3, 6–8, 38, 41, 178 n. 20–21
Condorcet, Lycée, 18, 83, 193 n. 19
Condorcet, Nicolas de, 178 n. 19
Constable, John, 31, 182–83 n. 30
Cordulack, Shelly Wood, 203–4 n. 36
Courbet, Gustave, 79, 125, 201 n. 70
Cousin, Victor, 7–8, 178 n. 25, 179 n. 31
Crary, Jonathan, 180, n. 47
Daudet, Alphonse, 35, 182 n. 11, 184 n. 58
decadence, 19, 38, 43, 50, 132
decoration, 52, 72, 97, 188 n. 25
“Définition du néo-traditionnisme.” See Denis
deformation
caricature and, 189 n. 37
Cézanne and, 47–48, 59–60, 67, 74, 192 n. 10
critiques of, 48, 50, 62–63, 65, 67–68, 77
in Degas, 49–50
Denis’s theory of, 21, 47–48, 69, 71–73, 76
in Denis’s work, 21, 47, 52–54, 57, 62–64, 68
etymology of, 49, 187–88 n. 19
in Gauguin’s work, 189 n. 52
in literature, 49–51, 187 n. 15, 188 n. 21
modernism and, 21, 47–48, 59–60, 62, 73–74, 109, 192 n. 100
in Munch’s work, 149
objective, 48, 51, 69, 72–73, 77
pathology and, 48–49
subjective, 21, 47–51, 59, 63–64, 69, 72–73, 77
Degas, Edgar, 33–34, 49–50, 57
Degenerate Art Exhibition, 171
degeneration, 27, 48, 67, 181 n. 6, 187 n. 10, 190 n. 76
Dehmel, Richard, 121, 151, 154, 156
Deleuze, Gilles, 48
Delius, Fritz, 163
Denis, Maurice
anti-Semitism, 193 n. 8
Catholic Mystery, 63–64
on Bonnard, 75–76
Catholicism and, 180, n. 60, 188 n. 33
Décor: as avant-garde statement, 59–60, 62, 77; Bonnard’s ownership of, 57, 187 n. 6; criticism of, 48, 64, 67–68; as decoration, 52; “Définition,” as corollary to, 47; Mantelpiece, representation in, 57; studies in charcoal and pastel for, 52, 54–56, 188–89, n. 35; studies in oil for, 9–10, 57; as “study in subjective deformation,” 49, 51, 63–64; Vuillard, connection to, 75
“Définition du néo-traditionnisme”: as anti-academic statement, 52; as antinaturalist statement, 52, 65; arabesque in, 97; formalism and, 47; modernism and, 48; pathological language in, 47, 76; reception of, 65, 67; Sérusier’s influence on, 70–71, 107; Vuillard’s understanding of, 85, 89–90, 95
deformation, theory of, 21, 47–48, 69, 71–73, 76
deformation, in work of, 21, 47, 52–54, 57, 62–64, 68
education, artistic, of, 52, 188 n. 26
education, philosophical, 69–70, 83–85, 191 n. 82
Germain, correspondence with, 65, 190 n. 67
ideal love and, 190–91 n. 77
Indépendants, 47, 51–52, 62, 64–65, 85, 91, 194 n. 22
modernism and, 47–49
naturalism and, 47, 52–53, 93, 188 n. 27, 188 n. 28
pathological method and, 69–70
Portrait of a Young Girl in an Evening Décor, 68
positivism and, 48, 74, 77, 93
psychology and, 69–71
Revue blanche, La, association with, 15–16
Sérusier, influence of, 70–71, 107–8
symbolism and, 47–48, 51, 57, 69, 70–71, 73, 82
Theme of Trinitarian Evening by Ad. Retté: Ornamental Painting, 64–66, 68
Voyage of Urien, illustrations for, 54
Vuillard, correspondence with, 67, 74, 82–85, 188 n. 29
Descartes, René, 3
Dévoluy, Pierre, 42
Diderot, Denis, 1
divisionism, 186 n. 84. See also neoimpressionism and pointillism
Dombrowski, André, 206 n. 2
Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 145, 147, 203 n. 23, 203 n. 31
Druet, Eugène, 187 n. 6
Duranty, Edmond, 33–35, 183 n. 30, 184 n. 52
Durkheim, Émile, 18, 180 n. 61
dynamogeny, 186 n. 84, 195 n. 48
Easton, Elizabeth, 192 n. 3
eclecticism, 7, 83, 179 n. 31. See also Cousin, Victor
École des Beaux-Arts, 52, 60, 68, 91, 188 n. 26
empiricism, 3, 39, 177 n. 11, 177 n. 13
Encyclopédie, 97
Enlightenment, 173
Ericson, Ida, 161
esotericism, 3, 25, 41, 43–44, 130
Essen, Siri von, 118–19, 175, 200 n. 44
Étoile, L’, 41
expérience
definitions of, 4–5, 33–34, 71, 112, 135, 177–78 n. 14
impressionism and, 32–35
symbolism and, 177 n. 5
experimental art
as discursive formation, 1–2, 5, 14, 25–26, 30–32, 44, 183 n. 32
etymology of, 178 n. 16
experimentalism
Bernard, Claude, promoter of, 3–4, 7, 26, 177 n. 11
doubt and, 104
as epistemological ideal, 21, 24–25, 40, 44, 71, 174
pathological method and, 7, 14, 22, 38, 170
scientific, 32, 177 n. 10, 177 n. 11
Strindberg and, 112–13, 120, 134
symbolism and, 10, 15, 19, 21, 29, 41, 44, 174
truth and, 14, 26, 41–42, 44–45
experimental method. See experimentalism
experimentation
avant-garde and, 1–2, 5, 14, 25, 30, 32–33, 174, 176, 177 n. 1, 183 n. 32
observation and, 18
in psychology, 7, 112, 132, 153
in science, 5–6, 30, 32–34, 41, 114, 177 n. 10
self, on the, 8, 129, 134, 170
Strindberg and, 112–14, 121, 129, 132, 134–35
truth and, 174
Facos, Michelle, 11–12, 179 n. 41
fauvism, 77
Fénéon, Félix, 36, 39–40 passim, 186 n. 84
Flaubert, Gustave, 20, 28, 119, 181 n. 71
Flournoy, Théodore, 84
Fort, Paul, 99
Foucault, Michel, 23, 178 n. 23
Fouquier, Henry, 34
Freud, Sigmund, 83, 179 n. 37, 203 n. 31
Fry, Roger, 32, 47, 73–74, 187 n. 1, 192 n. 100
gambling, 139, 142–51, 153, 203 n. 19
Gamboni, Dario, 99, 104, 194 n. 32, 197 n. 92
Garnier, Charles, 137
Gauguin, Paul
Aurier on, 16, 51, 62–63, 190 n. 53
Café at Arles, 72–73
collection of, 59
criticism on, 16, 51, 62, 67, 72, 190 n. 53
deformation and, 189 n. 52
Denis, correspondence with, 191 n. 78
influence of, 70, 85, 87–88, 142, 202 n. 2
Loss of Virginity, 59, 62, 191 n. 52
memory, on working from, 87–88
Munch, possible influence on, 202 n. 2
Nude Breton Boy, 189 n. 52
Strindberg, correspondence with, 133, 201 n. 78
syphilis of, 163
Géricault, Théodore, 152–53
Gessmann, Gustav, 154–57
Gide, André, 54
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 94
Goldstein, Jan, 83, 178 n. 19, 201 n. 80
Goldwater, Robert, 11
Gombrich, Ernst, 31–32, 183 n. 32, 187 n. 97
Graphic, 143, 203, n. 20, 203 n. 21
Groom, Gloria, 192 n. 3, 194 n. 21, 195 n. 53
Hamsun, Knut, 203 n. 23
Hansson, Ola, 152
Harrison, Charles, 57, 189 n. 42
Hartmann, Eduard von, 36–38, 185 n. 67, 185 n. 74
Harvey, William, 177 n. 10
Hauge, Alfred, 205 n. 70
Havard, Henry, 34
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 39, 185 n. 67
Heller, Reinhold, 14, 139, 202 n. 1, 202 n. 13, 204 n. 46, 204 n. 47
Helmholtz, Hermann von, 36–37, 185 n. 64, 186 n. 84
Hennequin, Émile, 35, 40, 50, 186 n. 85
Henry, Charles, 36, 38–41, 185–86 n. 75, 195 n. 48
Héran, Henri (Paul Herrmann), 163, 205 n. 67
Herrmann, Paul (pseud. Henri Héran), 163, 205 n. 67
Hirsh, Sharon L., 12
Hogarth, William, 164
Hôpital Saint-Louis, 163–64, 205 n. 70
Hulst, Maurice Le Sage d’Hauteroche d’, 18
Huret, Jules, 41
Huysmans, Joris-Karl, 34, 206 n. 1
idealism
in aesthetics, 35–41
in art, 2, 44, 59, 74, 187 n. 3
Bernard, Claude, and, 41–44
experimentalism and, 24
in literature, 26, 44, 49, 118
impressionism
in art history, 25, 30–33, 35, 182 n. 28, 183 n. 34
criticism on, 29–30, 33–35, 40, 73, 87
expérience and, 32–35
gender and, 175, 182 n. 28, 183 n. 34
Munch and, 137
naturalism and, 35, 87, 174, 182 n. 13, 182 n. 20
neoimpressionism and, 184 n. 50
objectivity and, 30–31, 184 n. 52
science and, 30–31, 34, 36, 183 n. 34, 184 n. 52, 184 n. 54
Strindberg and, 117, 127, 199 n. 33
in Vuillard’s work, 82, 84, 86–87, 94, 173
Indépendants, Salon des
Denis at, 47, 51–52, 62, 64–65, 85, 91, 194 n. 22
Munch at, 161, 164, 202 n. 13, 205 n. 56
Ingres, J.-A.-D., 64, 71, 191 n. 91
“interior impressionism,” 84, 94, 173
Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine. See Bernard, Claude
Jackson, John Hughlings, 8
Jacobson, Daniel, 169
Janet, Pierre, 18–20
Jaspers, Karl, 112–13
Jullien, Jean, 89
Jumeau-Lafond, Jean-David, 54
Kahn, Gustave, 2, 36, 39–41, 50–51, 186 n. 90
Kearns, James, 190 n. 53
Kerner, Justinus, 122–23, 201 n. 64
Koeber, Raphael von, 130
Krohg, Christian, 137, 184 n. 54
Kuenzli, Katherine M., 197 n. 79
Laforgue, Jules, 35–39
landscape painting, 31, 49, 111, 123, 125, 130
Larousse dictionary, 4, 183 n. 48
Larsen, Tulla, 204 n. 49
Larson, Barbara, 179 n. 40
Leclercq, Julien, 64
Leja, Michael, 180 n. 50
Lemaître, Jules, 49, 197 n. 90
Lemot, Achille, 119
Leroy, Louis, 30
Lhermitte, Léon, 3–4
Lie, Jonas, 115
Littré, Émile
dictionary of, 4–5, 34, 183 n. 48, 196 n. 70
retrospective medicine, 119
Lombroso, Cesare, 18
Lorrain, Claude, 182–83 n. 30
Lugné-Poë, Aurélien-Marie
drawings representing, 100, 103
Nabis, association with 52, 65, 89, 99, 188 n. 29
portrait (painted) of, 9, 11, 82, 85, 101, 103–4, 109, 197 n. 83
Maeterlinck, Maurice, 198 n. 5
Mallarmé, Stéphane, 18, 34, 184 n. 50
Manet, Édouard, 30, 34, 59, 77, 184 n. 59
Marandon de Montyel, Évariste, 166
Marie, Auguste, 163, 165–67, 169, 206 n. 79
Martelli, Diego, 184 n. 54
Marx, Roger, 64
Mathews, Patricia, 12
Mathieu, Pierre-Louis, 179 n. 42
Matisse, Henri, 73, 77, 174, 192 n. 107
Maupassant, Guy de, 28
Maxwell, James Clerk, 185 n. 64
medievalism, 97
mediumism, 120–21, 154, 156–57
Meier-Graefe, Julius, 163
Meissonier, Ernest, 47
Mercure de France, 15–20
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 104
Mesmer, Franz Anton, 123
Meunier, Paul Gaston (pseud. Marcel Réja), 161, 163, 165–67
Meurier, Marthe, 68, 190 n. 77
modernism
abstraction and, 32, 48, 114, 170, 183 n. 32, 191 n. 86
in art, 12–13, 60, 62, 73, 173–75
art histories of, 11, 13, 15, 25, 32, 48, 77, 99, 180 n. 45
avant-garde and, 112
in criticism, 13–14, 48, 60, 65, 74
deformation and, 21, 47–48, 59–60, 62, 73–74, 109, 192 n. 100
Denis on, 47–49
Munch and, 171
Strindberg and, 112–13, 131, 135, 173
symbolism and, 13, 22, 114, 173–75, 180 n. 45
Monet, Claude, 30, 32, 35, 87, 183 n. 33
Mont, Elie de, 34
Monte Carlo, casino, 139, 142–50, 203 n. 21
Moreau, Jacques-Joseph, 179 n. 31
Moreau de la Sarthe, Louis-Jacques, 178 n. 19
Morosov, Ivan, 192 n. 94
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 94
Munch, Edvard
as anatomist, 169–70
in art history, 139
At the Roulette Table in Monte Carlo (painting), 147–50, 203 n. 28
as avant-garde, 160
billiards and, 140–42
biography and, 139
Black Piglet, At the, support for, 121, 139, 151–54
caricature and, 149, 164, 203 n. 32
criticism on, 15–16, 133, 152–53, 160–61
Death in the Sickroom, 150–51, 157, 160–61
deformation and, 149
Gamblers in Monte Carlo, 144, 146–47
Gauguin, possible influence of, 202 n. 2
Ibsen and, 170
impressionism and, 137
Indépendants, at, 161, 164, 202 n. 13, 205 n. 56
Inheritance, 164, 205–6 n. 70
In the Men’s Clinic, 168–69
madness and, 22, 139–40, 147, 150, 153–54, 159–60, 171
Man’s Head/Art, 157–58
Marcel Réja, 163
modernism and, 171
in Monte Carlo, 139–40, 142–51
naturalism and, 9, 22, 137, 142–44, 147–48, 153, 157, 168, 170, 173
pathological method and, 140, 161, 170
psychiatry and, 160–61, 163–65, 167, 169 “psychic naturalism” and, 125, 151–54, 170, 173
psychology and, 140, 152–53, 160–61
Revue blanche, La, association with, 16–17
Roulette I, 143, 145, 203 n. 28
Roulette Table (etching), 149
Scream (lithograph), 16–17
Scream (painting): as avant-garde act, 9, 157, 160; madness and, 153, 157, 159–60, 175, 204 n. 47; as mediumistic, 157, 159–60; criticism on, 160; as symbolist, 13, 139, 150–51, 153
Self-Portrait, 137–39
symbolism and, 124, 137, 139–40, 142, 147, 150–53, 161, 167
Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, 206 n. 85
Van Gogh, possible influence of, 202 n. 13
Verein Berliner Künstler, exhibition at, 121, 147, 152
Weeping Woman, 169–70
Women in Hospital (painting), 139, 161–65, 167–70
Women in the Hospital (lithograph), 164–65
writings of, 145–48, 151, 153, 170–71, 206 n. 82
Musée du Luxembourg, 59
Nabis
avant-garde, as, 109, 130, 195 n. 41
Bonnard as a, 52, 85, 103, 188 n. 29, 192 n. 104, 193 n. 8
criticism on, 67
decoration and, 188 n. 25
divisions within, 193 n. 8
gender and, 189 n. 33
influences on, 42
Lugné-Poë, association with, 52, 65, 89, 99, 188 n. 29
Revue blanche, association with, 16–18, 193 n. 8
theater and, 196–97 n. 78
theories of, 69, 81–82, 84, 86, 91, 94, 100–101, 108. See also Denis, Maurice
Vuillard as a, 75, 84–85, 89, 193–94 n. 21
Nahasch. See Denis, Décor
Natanson, Thadée, 16
National Gallery, Norway, 159
naturalism
Bernard, Émile, and 62
Denis and, 47, 52–53, 93, 188 n. 27, 188 n. 28
experimentalism and, 26, 29, 93–94
impressionism and, 35, 87, 174, 182 n. 13, 182 n. 20
Munch and, 9, 22, 137, 142–44, 147–48, 157, 168, 170, 173
novel, in the, 26–29, 35–36, 115, 119
psychic, 124–25, 151–54, 170, 173
representation and, 31
Strindberg and, 22, 112–13, 115–17, 127, 129, 133–134, 173
symbolism and, 44, 113–14, 129, 134, 206 n. 2
Zola and, 2, 26–29, 35, 44, 114, 116, 118
natural philosophy, 31, 178 n. 19, 183 n. 34, 206 n. 5
Nazi Party, 171
neoidealism, 187 n. 3
neoimpressionism
criticism on, 39–40, 50, 184 n. 50
impressionism and, 184 n. 50
psychophysiology and, 39, 186 n. 84
science and, 39–40, 186 n. 81, 186 n. 84
symbolism and, 1, 11, 40, 186 n. 84, 190 n. 59
neotraditionism. See Denis, “Définition du néo-traditionnisme”
Nietzsche, Friedrich
influence of, 139, 152, 180 n. 53
on pathological method 5, 7, 152
Strindberg and, 120, 200 n. 54
objectivity
in impressionism, 30–31, 184 n. 52
in scientific discourse, 5, 28–29, 51, 73, 107, 112
in symbolism, 15, 29, 50–51, 72–73, 121, 168–69
observation
psychological, 7, 18, 92–94, 118–19
Strindberg on, 118–19
Vuillard on, 86, 92–94, 96, 99, 104
occultism, 41–42, 121, 123–24, 130, 134
Pastor, Willy, 152–53
pathological method
Bélugou as promoter of, 19–21
Canguilhem’s analysis of, 6
Comte and, 6
Denis’s understanding of, 69–70
emergence of, 178 n. 19
experimentalism and, 7, 14, 22, 38, 170
in philosophy baccalaureate, 18, 69–70
psychology, as paradigm for, 6–9, 19–20, 42, 70–71, 82, 104
Ribot, Théodule, and, 7–8, 15, 19–21, 94, 106
Strindberg’s use of, 113, 128–29, 134
symbolism and, 13–14, 38, 40, 113
Taine, Hippolyte, and, 7–9, 20–21, 38, 133
Péladan, Joséphin, 38, 185 n. 75
physiology
Bernard, Claude, on, 3, 26–27, 29
as science, 3, 7, 26–27, 37, 42–43
Picavet, François, 18
Plas, Régine, 7
Plume, La, 64–65, 67, 112, 161
Poe, Edgar Allan, 51, 64, 188 n. 23
pointillism, 139. See also divisionism, neoimpressionism
Pont-Aven group, 62, 69, 137, 188 n. 33
positivism
Denis, influence on, 48, 74, 77, 93
influence of, 7, 35, 41–42, 69
in philosophy, 3, 25, 48, 69, 83
in psychology, 7, 70, 201 n. 80
Taine, according to, 18, 38, 77, 179 n. 30, 180 n. 60
Prel, Carl du, 123
avant-garde and, 9
Strindberg and, 129–30, 132–34
Przybyszewski, Stanisław, 151–54, 170, 173
psychiatry, 140, 160–61, 163–66, 169
“psychic naturalism,” 125, 151–54, 170, 173
Psychologische Gesellschaft, 154
psychology
automatism, studies of, 43, 83, 93
Cézanne and, 189 n. 46, 206 n. 2
Denis’s understanding of, 69–71
experimental, 7–9, 19–20, 29–30, 43–44, 48, 70–71, 92, 114–15, 121, 153
history of, 179 n. 37, 201 n. 80
Munch and, 140, 152–53, 160–61
objectivity and, 8, 70, 201 n. 80
pathological method of, 6–9, 19–20, 70–71, 82
Ribot and, 8, 19–21, 93–94, 101
scientific, 7–9, 19, 30, 115, 178 n. 28
sleep, of, 101
Strindberg’s understanding of, 112–13, 115, 118–20, 129, 134
symbolism and, 6, 13–15, 19, 44
Taine and, 8–9, 18, 116, 120, 133
psychophysiology, 36–37, 39–40, 128, 186 n. 84
Puvis de Chavannes, Pierre, 47, 68
Rambosson, Yvanhoé, 48, 68–69, 160–61
Randon, Gabriel (pseud. Jehan Rictus), 163
Ranson, Paul, 187 n. 94, 193 n. 8, 195 n. 43
Rapetti, Rodolphe, 11
realism, 43, 50, 62–63, 79, 127
Redon, Odilon, 10, 12, 179 n. 40
Réja, Marcel (Paul Gaston Meunier), 161, 163, 165–67
Renan, Ernst, 6–7, 38, 178 n. 24
Retté, Adolphe, 33, 63–65, 68–69
Revue blanche, La
Denis and, 15–16
intellectual ambitions of, 16, 180 n. 58
Laforgue’s essays in, 36–38
Munch and, 16–17
Nabi association with, 16–18, 193 n. 8
psychology in, 18–20
Strindberg and, 16–17
symbolist art, support for, 15–18
Vuillard and, 16–17
Revue de psychiatrie, La, 165
Ribot, Théodule
Collège de France, courses at the, 7, 18–20, 30, 93, 106
Essay on the Creative Imagination, 20, 94
Evolution of General Ideas, 19
introspection and, 8, 179 n. 31
pathological method, promotion of, 7–8, 15, 19–21, 94, 106
psychology and, 7–8, 19–21, 93–94, 101
Psychology of Emotions, 19
unconscious, on, 20, 84, 93–94, 104, 106
Rictus, Jehan (Gabriel Randon), 163
Rimbaud, Arthur, 186 n. 90
Ritter, William, 160–61, 205 n. 59
Rochefoucauld, Antoine de La, 189 n. 52
romanticism
alterity and, 9
arabesque and, 97
and artist, image of, 51, 72, 121, 134, 139
science and, 183 n. 34
symbolism as renewal of, 99
Rouart, Henri, 34
Sainte-Anne Asylum, 163, 165, 205 n. 66, 205 n. 67
Saint-Louis Hospital, 163–64, 205 n. 70
Salon des Indépendants. See Indépendants, Salon des
Salon du Champ-de-Mars, 143, 203 n. 21
Salon, Paris, 59
Saunier, Charles, 64
Schlegel, Friedrich, 97
Schleich, Carl Ludwig, 121, 151, 200 n. 59, 205 n. 55
Schopenhauer, Arthur, 130, 185 n. 74
Schuré, Édouard, 3, 42–44, 130, 187 n. 94
Scream. See Munch
Sérieux, Paul, 165
Sérusier, Paul, 74
Denis, influence on, 70–71, 107–8
education of, 18, 70, 191 n. 86
Talisman, 70, 85, 109, 142, 193 n. 21
theories of, 70–71, 107–8, 191 n. 88
Vuillard, influence on, 85, 89, 105, 195 n. 41
Seurat, Georges, 39–40, 62, 186 n. 84
Shiff, Richard, 48, 74, 182 n. 20, 206 n. 2
Signac, Paul, 180 n. 63, 186 n. 84
Sjåstad, Øystein, 184 n. 54
Société de psychologie physiologique, 154
Society for Psychical Research, 154, 205 n. 54
sociology, 6
Spencer, Herbert, 8, 37, 40, 152, 185 n. 70
spiritism, 41, 43, 154, 181 n. 1, 186 n. 91
spiritualism, 14, 18, 25, 39–44, 134, 181 n. 1
Spurzheim, J. G., 150
Strindberg, August
Antibarbarus, 121
anti-Semitism and, 120
automatism and, 113–14, 127, 132–33, 135, 202 n. 87
as avant-garde, 133–35
“Battle of the Brains,” 119–20
Black Banners, 135
criticism on, 15–16, 175, 180 n. 54
“Deranged Sensations,” 127–29, 133
on doubt, 120–21
experimentalism and, 112–13, 120, 134
experimentation and, 112–14, 121, 129, 132, 134–35
Flower on the Shore, 124–25
Försöksteater, 116–17
Gauguin, correspondence with, 133, 201 n. 78
Gothic Rooms, 134
on impressionism, 117, 127, 201 n. 33
Inferno, 118, 123, 134–35, 163
klecksographs, 123–24
library, 115
Madman’s Defense, 171, 200 n. 44
Mercure de France, essays in, 16–17
misogyny, and, 118–20
Miss Julie, preface to, 116–17
modernism and, 112–13, 131, 135, 173
“Mysticism—For Now,” 119
naturalism and, 22, 112–13, 115–17, 127, 129, 133–34, 173
“naturalistic symbolism,” and 111–12, 114, 123, 127, 132, 134, 173
“New Arts! Or Chance in Artistic Production,” 113, 118, 125, 127–33
Night of Jealousy, 9, 12, 111, 124–25, 127, 135
on observation, 118–19
Occult Diaries, 123–24
“On Modern Drama and Modern Theater,” 116–17
paintings of, 201 n. 67
Palette with Solitary Flower on the Shore, 125–26
pathological method and, 113, 128–29, 134
photography and, 123
primitivism and, 129–30, 132–34
psychology and, 112–13, 115, 118–20, 129, 134
Revue blanche, La, essays in, 16–17
scientific experiments of, 121, 135
skin condition of, 163
Somnambulistic Nights in Broad Daylight, 115
Son of a Servant, 115–16, 118, 199 n. 18
“Soul Murder (Apropos Rosmersholm),” 119–20
symbolism and, 111–13, 118, 121, 124–25, 127, 133
telepathy and, 156
unconscious and, 119–121, 127, 129, 131–32, 134
Vivisections, 111, 113, 118–19, 127
as vivisectionist, 200 n. 46
Weeping Boy, 132
on women, 200 n. 43
Wonderland, 132–33
Zola, correspondence with, 116, 199 n. 29
subjectivity, 5, 51, 73, 82, 121, 168–69
surrealism, 15, 99, 135, 174, 202 n. 87
Svenaeus, Gösta, 203 n. 21
symbolism
abstraction and, 12, 19, 173, 180 n. 45, 191 n. 86
anarchism and, 185 n. 65
arabesque and, 99
in art history, 11–13, 23, 179 n. 42, 180 n. 45
avant-garde and, 1–2, 20–21, 44, 62, 111, 163
Cézanne and, 206 n. 2
criticism on, 1–2, 50–51, 62–63, 87, 161, 163
decoration and, 13, 52, 188 n. 25
Denis and, 47–48, 51, 57, 69, 70–71, 73, 82
divisionism and, 186 n. 84
elitism of, 130
expérience and, 177 n. 5
gender and, 177 n. 6, 189 n. 33
impressionism and, 25
journals of, 15–17, 20, 41–42, 112, 161
Kahn on, 2, 10, 25, 40–41, 50–51
in literature, 2, 40, 50–51, 112, 117
Mercure de France, support for, 15–17, 20
modernism and, 13, 22, 114, 173–75, 180 n. 45
Moréas on, 50–51
Munch and, 124, 137, 139–40, 142, 147, 150–53, 161, 167
naturalism and, 44, 113–14, 129, 134, 206 n. 2
naturalistic, 111–12, 114, 123, 127, 132, 134, 173
neoimpressionism and, 1, 11, 40, 186 n. 84, 190 n. 59
objectivity and, 15, 29, 50–51, 72–73, 121, 168–69
in painting, 2, 13, 111, 120, 124, 133, 140
pathological method and, 13–14, 38, 40, 113
psychiatry and, 163
psychology and, 6, 13–15, 19, 44
Revue blanche, La, support for, 15–17, 36
romanticism, as echo of, 99
Scream and, 13, 139, 150–51, 153
Strindberg and, 111–13, 118, 121, 124–25, 127, 133
subjectivity, 51, 73, 82, 168–69
theories of, 10–13, 15, 40, 48, 50, 85–87, 142
Vuillard and, 82, 85–88, 91, 101, 108–9
synthetism, 11, 81, 137, 187 n. 3, 202 n. 2
syphilis, 163–64, 170, 205 n. 64, 205–8 n. 70
Taine, Hippolyte
arabesque and, 90
On Intelligence, 7–8, 18, 187–88 n. 19
pathological method and, 7–9, 20–21, 38, 133
Philosophy of Art, 38, 86, 90–91, 187–88 n. 19
portrait of, 18
positivism and, 18, 38, 77, 179 n. 30, 180 n. 60
psychology and, 7–9, 18, 116, 120, 133
survey on, 18–19
Tanguy, Julien (Père), 59–60
Théâtre de l’Oeuvre, 99, 196 n. 78
Théberge, Pierre, 12
Thibout, Anna, 52, 54, 68, 75, 175, 188 n. 29
Thomson, Belinda, 188 n. 27, 193 n. 6
Thomson, Richard, 11, 188 n. 27, 189 n. 37, 193 n. 16, 197 n. 78
Thue, Sivert, 203 n. 23
Toulouse, Édouard, 165, 179 n. 30
unconscious
avant-garde and, 82, 180 n. 50
Bernard, Claude, and 38
gender and, 175
Munch and, 152–53
psychology of, 9, 83, 108, 179 n. 37
Ribot on, 20, 84, 93–94, 104, 106
Strindberg’s explorations of, 119–121, 127, 129, 131–32, 134
Vuillard’s explorations of, 82–84, 96, 101, 104, 107
Vallotton, Félix, 18, 36, 41, 193 n. 8
Aurier on, 16, 140, 142, 192 n. 95
criticism on, 67
memory and, 88
Night Café, 72, 140, 142, 202 n. 13
Memory of the Garden at Etten, 194 n. 37
Munch, possible influence on, 202 n. 13
vanguardism. See avant-garde
Vaschide, Nicolas, 165
Velázquez, Diego, 160
Verein Berliner Künstler, 121, 147. See also Munch
Verhaeren, Émile, 64
Verlaine, Paul, 51, 64, 123, 186 n. 90, 190 n. 59
Véron, Eugène, 40, 50–51, 186 n. 79, 187 n. 19
Vinci, Leonardo da, 31, 38, 171, 186 n. 75
Vollard, Ambroise, 33
Volpini exhibition, 62, 202 n. 2
vivisection
anatomical, 6, 20, 170, 181 n. 9
as metaphor, 27, 112, 118, 134, 170, 200 n. 46
psychological, 20–21, 119, 134
Vuillard, Édouard
arabesque in practice, 9, 22, 82, 85, 96–97, 99, 101–4
arabesque in theory, 89, 100–101
automatism and nature, 85, 87, 92–95, 108
automatism and habit, 106, 108
caricature and, 99, 101, 197 n. 78, 197 n. 88, 197 n. 92
carnets. See journals
and Denis: correspondence with, 67, 74, 82–85, 189 n. 29; Décor, dialogue with, 75; “Définition du néo-traditionnisme,” understanding of, 85, 89–90, 95
Dreyfus, support for, 193 n. 8
education of, 18, 83–84, 108, 193 n. 13, 193 n. 14
gender and, 109
Grisélidis, 100
impressionism and, 82, 84, 86–87, 94, 173
“interior impressionism,” 84, 94, 173
journals of, 82, 84–98, 100, 105–6, 108–9, 192 n. 3
Lugné-Poë, drawings of, 100, 103
Lugné-Poë, painted portrait of, 9, 11, 82, 85, 101, 103–4, 109
Nabis, association with, 75, 84–85, 89, 193–94 n. 21
naturalism and, 84–96, 99, 173
on observation, 86, 92–94, 96, 99, 104
Portrait of Marie Vuillard, 88–89
Revue blanche, La, and, 16–17, 193 n. 8
Self-Portrait with Walking-Stick and Boater, 95
Sérusier, influence of, 85, 89, 105, 195 n. 41
Sleeping Woman, 102–3
symbolism and, 82, 85–88, 91, 101, 108–9
theater, work for, 99–100, 103
unconscious and, 82–84, 96, 101, 104, 107
Woman Sleeping, 79–82, 85, 101–3, 109
Vuillard, Marie, 87, 89–91, 175, 197 n. 88
Wagnerianism, 40, 99, 186 n. 83, 197 n. 79
Ward, Martha, 47
Wells, Charles “Monte Carlo,” 146–47, 203 n. 25
Werenskiold, Erik, 202 n. 13
Wharton, Edith, 181 n. 63
Willumsen, Jens-Ferdinand, 67
Wundt, Wilhelm, 70
Wyzewa, Théodor de, 36
Young, Thomas, 185 n. 64
Zimmermann, Michael F., 179 n. 43, 186 n. 81
Zola, Émile
Academy, candidacy for, 112, 117
art criticism, 28, 30, 35, 72, 184–85 n. 59
Bernard, Claude, influence of, 21, 26–29, 36, 39
caricatures of, 1–2, 21, 30–31, 35
Cézanne and, 30, 35, 185 n. 60
deformation and, 49–50, 62, 74
degeneration and, 27, 181 n. 6
Doctor Pascal, 30–31
Dream, 117
“Experimental Novel”: in art history, 30, 32; Bernard, Claude, influence on, 21, 26–29, 36, 39; caricature of, 1–2, 30; criticism of, 26–27, 29, 33, 115, 182 n. 11; Laforgue’s admiration for, 36; psychology and, 29–30; Strindberg and, 114–17
idealism and, 44
naturalism and, 2, 26–29, 35, 44, 114, 116, 118
Naturalism in the Theater, 114
psychology and, 29–30, 115, 118
Rougon-Macquart series, 115
and Strindberg: correspondence with, 116, 199 n. 29; influence on, 112, 114–17
Toulouse, Édouard, subject of, 179 n. 30
Thérèse Raquin, 114
temperament and, 21, 27–29, 49–51
Zum schwarzen Ferkel. See Black Piglet, At the