Simon & Schuster
1230 Avenue of the Americas
New York, NY 10020
Copyright © 2015 by Gerald Posner
All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form whatsoever. For information, address Simon & Schuster Subsidiary Rights Department, 1230 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020.
First Simon & Schuster hardcover edition February 2015
SIMON & SCHUSTER and colophon are registered trademarks of Simon & Schuster, Inc.
The Simon & Schuster Speakers Bureau can bring authors to your live event. For more information or to book an event, contact the Simon & Schuster Speakers Bureau at 1-866-248-3049 or visit our website at www.simonspeakers.com.
Illustration credits are on page 733.
Interior design by Robert E. Ettlin
Jacket design by Christopher Lin
Jacket photograph: FLOORTJE/Getty Images
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Posner, Gerald L.
God’s bankers : a history of money and power at the Vatican / By Gerald Posner.
pages cm
1. Catholic Church—Finance. 2. Catholic Church—Corrupt practices. 3. Istituto per le opere di religione—Corrupt practices. 4. Banks and banking—Vatican City. 5. Catholic Church—History—20th century. 6. Catholic Church—History—21st century. 7. Catholic Church—Controversial literature. I. Title.
BX1950.P68 2015
364.16'8—dc23 2014021061
ISBN 978-1-4165-7657-0
ISBN 978-1-4391-0986-1 (ebook)