Beauregard, “Bull Run”: Gen. G. T. Beauregard, “The Battle of Bull Run,” The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine 29, no. 1 (November 1884): 80–106.
Grant, Memoirs: Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, vol. 1 (New York: Charles L. Webster & Co., 1885; 1892 printing).
Hancock, Reminiscences: Almira Hancock, Reminiscences of Winfield Scott Hancock (New York: Charles L. Webster & Co., 1887).
Hood, Advance: Gen. John Bell Hood, Advance and Retreat (published for the Hood Orphan Memorial Fund [by] G. T. Beauregard, 1880).
Johnson, Battles: Robert Underwood Johnson and Clarence Clough Buel, eds., Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, vol. 1 (New York: The Century Co., 1888).
Longstreet, “Fredericksburg”: Lieut. Gen. James Longstreet, “The Battle of Fredericksburg,” The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine 32 (August 1886): 609–26.
Longstreet, “Campaign”: Lieut. Gen. James Longstreet, “The Campaign of Gettysburg,” The Philadelphia Weekly Times, 3 November 1877; Col. A. K. McClure, “Lee in Pennsylvania,” The Annals of the War: Written by Leading Participants North and South (Philadelphia: The Times Publishing Co., 1879).
Longstreet, Manassas: Lieut. Gen. James Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1896).
McClellan, Story: Maj. Gen. George McClellan, McClellan’s Own Story (New York: C. L. Webster, 1887).
Meade, Life: Maj. Gen. George Meade, The Life and Letters of George Gordon Meade, Major-General United States Army, vols. 1 and 2 (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1913).
Moore, Rebellion: Frank Moore, The Rebellion Record, vols. 5 and 7 (New York: G. P. Putnam, 1864).
Pickett, Heart: George Pickett, The Heart of a Soldier: As Revealed in the Intimate Letters of Gnl George E. Pickett CSA (New York: Seth Moyle Inc., 1913). Note that there is considerable scholarly debate over whether Sallie fictionalized, rewrote, or heavily edited her husband’s letters. Computer analysis suggests the letters I’ve included are mostly authentic.
Porter, Incidents: Adm. David Dixon Porter, Incidents and Anecdotes of the Civil War (New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1885).
Porter, History: Adm. David Dixon Porter, The Naval History of the Civil War (New York: The Sherman Publishing Co., 1886).
Sherman, “Letters”: Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman and Senator John Sherman, “Letters of Two Brothers”, The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine 45, no. 3 (January 1893): 425-40.
Sherman, Memoirs: Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, Memoirs of General William T. Sherman, vols. 1 and 2 (New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1875).
Joint Committee, Conduct (1863): U. S. Congress Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, Report of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, 37th Congress, 3rd Session, vol. 1 (Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1863).
Joint Committee, Conduct (1865): U. S. Congress Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, Report of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, at the Second Session Thirty-Eighth Congress, vols. 1 and 3 (Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1865).
Joint Committee, Petersburg: U. S. Congress Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, Report of the Committee on the Conduct of the War on the Attack on Petersburg, 38th Congress, 2d Session (Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1865).
War Dept., OR: U. S. War Department, The War of the Rebellion, series I, various volumes (Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, various years).
Young, World: John Russell Young, Around the World with General Grant, vol. 2 (New York: The American News Co., 1879). Gen. Grant reviewed, corrected, and approved all his interviews in this book.
Stephens—The Rising Storm
Sherman, Memoirs, vol. 1, 149–50.
Box Quotation
Col. John “the Gray Ghost” Mosby, letter to Capt. Samuel Chapman, 4 June 1907, The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, New York. gilderlehrman.org/collections/4420081c-eb80-4104-9f34-204723373231.
Custer—Thoughts of War from West Point
Maj. Gen. George Armstrong Custer, “War Memoirs,” The Galaxy 21, no. 3 (March 1876): 322; 21, no. 4 (April 1876): 450–51, 453–54.
Sherman—From New Orleans to Washington, D.C.
Sherman, Memoirs, vol. 1, 152–53, 162–63, 166–68.
Early—Virginia Secedes
Lieut. Gen. Jubal Early and R. H. (Ruth Hairston) Early, Autobiographical Sketch and Narrative of the War between the States (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1912), vii–ix.
Lee—Lee Resigns His Commission
Bio Box: Lee’s reconnaissance patrol in Grant, Memoirs, 131–32.
Gen. Robert E. Lee, letter from Texas, 27 December 1856, and letter to Gen. Scott, Memoirs of Robert E. Lee (New York: J. M. Stoddard & Co., 1887), 83–84, 94.
Pickett—The Journey to Richmond
Bio Box: Maj. Gen. George McClellan quoted in LaSalle Corbell Pickett, Pickett and His Men, 2d ed. (Atlanta: The Foote & Davies Co., 1900), 422.
Maj. Gen. George Pickett, letters to his fiancée, Sallie; Pickett, Heart, 34–37.
Box Quotation
Lieut Gen. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson quoted in William A. Obenchain, “Stonewall Jackson’s Scabbard Speech,” Southern Historical Society Papers XVI (January–December 1888): 46.
Porter—Fort Sumter vs. Fort Pickens
Bio Box: Young, World, 2, 305.
Porter, Incidents, 13–16, 23.
Beauregard—The Bombardment of Fort Sumter
Brig. Gen. G. T. Beauregard, official report, 27 April 1861; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. I, part I (1880): 30–35.
Brig. Gen. G. T. Beauregard, report, 17 April 1861; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. I, part I (1880): 28.
Box Quotation
Capt. James Chester, “Inside Sumter in ’61”; Johnson, Battles, vol. 1, 66.
Side Box—Lincoln’s War Room
A. B. Chandler quoted in Col. Alexander K. McClure, “Abe” Lincoln’s Yarns and Stories (Chicago: The Educational Co., 1901), 86–87.
Custer—Custer’s First Two Days on Duty
Maj. Gen. George Armstrong Custer, “War Memoirs,” The Galaxy 21, no. 4 (April 1876): 457–60; 21, no. 5 (May 1876): 624, 627–32; 21, no. 6 (June 1876): 809.
Beauregard—The Confederate Battle Plan
Beauregard, “Bull Run,” 80–81, 85–88, 91, 95–97.
Jackson—Turning the Tide
Lieut. Gen. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson, letters to his wife, 22 July, 5 August, and 15 August 1861; Mary Anna Jackson, Life and Letters of General Thomas J. Jackson (Stonewall Jackson) (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1892), 177–80, 182–83.
Sherman—Confusion among the Federals
Col. William Tecumseh Sherman, official report, 25 July 1861, and dispatch, 22 July 1861; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. II (1880): 370–71, 755.
Sherman, Memoirs, vol. 1, 188–91.
Beauregard—Analysis of the Battle
Beauregard, “Bull Run,” 101–2.
Johnston—The Impossibility of Invading Washington, D.C.
Bio Box: Sherman, Memoirs, vol. 1, 328, 407 (quoted in an advertisement for Johnston’s book).
Gen. Joseph Johnston, “Manassas to Seven Pines,” The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine 30, no. 1 (May 1885): 103, 106.
Gen. Joseph Johnston, Narrative of Military Operations, Directed, During the Late War Between the States (New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1874), 57, 60–63, 64–65.
Longstreet—Mistakes and What Could Have Been
Longstreet, Manassas, 54–57, 59.
Johnston and Beauregard—A “Glorious Victory”
Brig. Gens. Joseph Johnston and G. T. Beauregard, congratulatory proclamation of Generals Johnston and Beauregard, 25 July 1861; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. II (1880): 574.
Box Quotations
Longstreet, Manassas, 48–49, 51–52.
Hunter McGuire, “General T. J. (‘Stonewall’) Jackson, Confederate States Army. His Career and Character,” Southern Historical Society Papers XXV (January–December 1897): 94.
McClellan, Story, 364–65.
Side Box—Friendly Fire
Lieut. Gen. Leonidas Polk quoted in Lieut. Col. Arthur Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States. April-June, 1863 (New York: John Bradburn, 1864), 165–67.
Grant—Fighting with Raw Recruits
Bio Box: Longstreet, Manassas, 17–18.
Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, “The Battle of Shiloh,” The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine 29, no. 4 (February 1885): 593–606, 608–13. Most of this was reprinted in Grant’s memoirs.
Young, World, vol. 2, 469, 471, 473.
Sherman—The Extreme Fury of Battle
Sherman, Memoirs, vol. 1, 230, 244–46.
Brig. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, official report, 10 April 1862; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. X, part 1 (1880): 249–52.
Beauregard—Striking a Sudden Blow
Gen. G. T. Beauregard, official report, 11 April 1862; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. X, part 1 (1880): 385–88.
Gen. G. T. Beauregard, “The Shiloh Campaign,” part 2, The North American Review 142, no. 351 (February 1886): 161–74.
Gen. G. T. Beauregard, “The Campaign of Shiloh”; Johnson, Battles, vol. 1, 589f.
Bragg—“Our Condition Is Horrible”
Maj. Gen. Braxton Bragg, dispatch, 8 April 1862; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. X, part 2 (1880): 398–99.
Forrest—“Recruits Wanted”
Bio Box: Nathan Bedford Forrest slavery ad; Julian Street, American Adventures (New York: The Century Co., 1917), 522.
Col. Nathan Bedford Forrest, recruiting ad; Memphis Appeal, May 18–29, 1862.
Box Quotations
Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, speech before the Society of the Army of the Tennessee in Chicago, 9 September 1885, Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, “An Unspoken Address to the Loyal Legion,” The North American Review 142, no. 352 (March 1886): 306.
Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, “The Battle of Shiloh,” The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine 29, no. 4 (February 1885): 598.
Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, letter to Allen Thorndike Rice, 2 January 1886, reprinted in “Sherman’s Opinion of Grant,” The North American Review 142, no. 351 (February 1886): 207.
Maj.-Gen. Braxton Bragg, official report, 30 April 1862; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. X, part 1 (1880): 470.
Side Box—Military Intelligence
Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, letter to his brother, Senator John Sherman, 12 February 1863; Sherman, “Letters,” 436.
Overview
Maj. Gen. George McClellan, letter to his wife, 11 July 1862; Bruce Catton, The Centennial History of the Civil War, vol. 2, Terrible Swift Sword (New York: Doubleday, 1963), 347.
Maj. Gen. George McClellan, letter to his wife, 18 July 1862; McClellan, Story, 450–51.
Maj. Gen. George McClellan, letters to his wife, 10 and 20 August 1862; Stephen W. Sears, ed., The Civil War Papers of George B. McClellan (New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1989), 389, 397.
U.S. Congress Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, Report of the Operations of the Army of the Potomac (New York: The Tribune Association, 1863), 18.
Pres. Lincoln to John Hay; William Roscoe Thayer, John Hay, vol. 1 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1915), 128–29, 191.
Longstreet—The Invasion of Maryland
Lieut. Gen. James Longstreet, “The Invasion of Maryland,” The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine 32, no. 2 (August 1886): 309–15.
Lieut. Gen. James Longstreet, “to Keedysville, and on the march changed the order, making Sharpsburg the point of assembly” is from Longstreet, Manassas, 227.
McClellan—Rushing to Defend the North
Bio Box: Gen. Robert E. Lee quoted in Capt. Robert E. Lee, Recollections and Letters of General Lee (Westminster, UK: Archibald, Constable & Co., 1904), 416.
Maj. Gen. George McClellan, “From the Peninsula to Antietam,” The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine 32, no. 1 (May 1886): 129–30.
McClellan, Story, 586–88, 590–91.
Hood—“The Hardest Fought Battle”
Hood, Advance, 43–45.
Early—Fighting at the Dunkard Church
Lieut. Gen. Jubal Early and R. H. (Ruth Hairston) Early, Autobiographical Sketch and Narrative of the War between the States (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1912), 143–48, 150–51, 152, 154, 159–60.
Longstreet—Holding the Line with Two Cannons
Lieut. Gen. James Longstreet, “The Invasion of Maryland,” The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine 32, no. 2 (August 1886): 312–14.
Longstreet, Manassas, 262–63.
Lee—Stragglers
Gen. Robert E. Lee, letter to President Davis, 21 September 1862; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. XIX, part 1 (1902): 143.
Meade—Battlefield Promotion
Bio Box: Grant, Memoirs, 538.
Maj. Gen. George G. Meade, letters to his wife, 18 and 20 September and 5 October 1862; Meade, Life, vol. 1, 310–12, 317–18.
Hooker—“A Great Battle Has Been Fought”
Bio Box: Grant, Memoirs, 539.
Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker, dispatch, 17 September 1862; Moore, Rebellion, vol. 5, 454.
McClellan—“A Masterpiece of Art”
Maj. Gen. George McClellan, official report, 4 August 1863; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. XIX, part 1 (1902): 65.
Maj. Gen. George McClellan, dispatch to Gen. Halleck, 27 September 1862; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. XIX, part 1 (1902): 71.
Maj. Gen. George McClellan, letters to his wife, 18 and 20 September 1862; McClellan, Story, 612–13.
Pres. Abraham Lincoln, message to Maj. Gen. George McClellan, 25 October 1862; Joint Committee, Conduct (1863), vol. 1, 547.
Longstreet—What Might Have Been
Longstreet, Manassas, 288–89.
Box Quotations
Anonymous, “The Invasion of Maryland,” Harper’s Weekly, September 27, 1862, 618.
Maj.-Gen. George McClellan, “From the Peninsula to Antietam,” The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine 32, no. 1 (May 1886): 122.
Young, World, vol. 2, 214, 216–17.
Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, letter to his brother, Senator John Sherman, 22 September 1862; Sherman, “Letters,” 430–31.
Side Box—Aerial Reconnaissance
John Steiner, letters to Thaddeus Lowe; Col. Frederick S. Haydon, Aeronautics in the Union and Confederate Armies, vol. 1 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1941), 388.
Longstreet—Preparation for Battle
Longstreet, “Fredericksburg,” 609–11.
Hooker—Planning the Attack
Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker, testimony at Fredericksburg, 20 December 1862; Joint Committee, Conduct (1863), vol. 1, 667.
Lee—The Union Army Enters the Town
Gen. Robert E. Lee, letter to his daughter Mary, 24 November 1862; Rev. J. William Jones, Personal Reminiscences, Anecdotes, and Letters of Gen. Robert E. Lee (New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1876), 393–94.
Gen. Robert E. Lee, final official report, 10 April 1863; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. XXI (1888): 551.
Gen. Robert E. Lee, letter to his wife; Capt. Robert E. Lee, Recollections and Letters of General Lee (Westminster, UK: Archibald, Constable & Co., 1904), 86.
Gen. Robert E. Lee, report to the secretary of war, 14 December 1862; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. XXI (1888): 546–47.
Hood—Discussions with Lee and Stonewall Jackson
Hood, Advance, 49–51.
Meade—“I Should Have Been the Great Hero”
Maj. Gen. George Meade, letters to his wife, 16 and 20 December 1862; Meade, Life, vol. 1, 337–40.
Jackson—The Attack Had to Be Abandoned
Lieut. Gen. Thomas J. Jackson, official report, 31 January 1863; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. XXI (1888): 631–32.
Longstreet—Defending Marye’s Heights
Longstreet, “Fredericksburg,” 613–18.
Lieut. Gen. James Longstreet, official report, 20 December 1862; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. XXI (1888): 570.
Longstreet, Manassas, 313.
Hancock—Assaulting Marye’s Heights
Bio Box: Grant, Memoirs, 539.
Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock, official report, 25 December 1862; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. XXI (1888): 227.
Hooker—Yet Another Futile Assault
Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker, testimony at Fredericksburg, 20 December 1862; Joint Committee, Conduct (1863), vol. 1, 667–69, 671–72.
Longstreet—Further Attacks on Marye’s Heights
Longstreet, “Fredericksburg,” 618–21.
Longstreet, Manassas, 315, 316–17.
Lieut. Gen. James Longstreet, official report, 20 December 1862; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. XXI (1888): 571.
Lee—Trying to Determine the Union’s Intentions
Gen. Robert E. Lee, dispatch, 16 December 1862; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. XXI (1888): 548–49.
Burnside—Explaining the Defeat
Bio Box: Grant, Memoirs, 539.
Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside, dispatch, 17 December 1862; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. XXI (1888): 66–67.
Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside, testimony in Washington, D.C., 19 December 1862; Joint Committee, Conduct (1863), vol. 1, 652–53.
Longstreet—What Burnside Should Have Done
Longstreet, “Fredericksburg,” 625–26.
Lee—Victory
Gen. Robert E. Lee, General Orders No. 138, 31 December 1862; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. XXI (1888): 549–50.
Box Quotations
Maj.-Gen. George Meade, letter to his wife, 10 December 1862; Meade, Life, vol. 1, 337.
Mary Anna Jackson, Life and Letters of General Thomas J. Jackson (Stonewall Jackson) (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1892), 380–81.
Sidebox—Sharpshooters
Bvt. Maj. Gen. Martin T. McMahon, “The Death of General John Sedgwick”; Johnson, Battles, vol. 4, 175.
Overview
Gen. Robert E. Lee quotation; Rev. J. William Jones, Personal Reminiscences, Anecdotes, and Letters of Gen. Robert E. Lee (New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1876), 156.
Lee—The Perfect Battle
Gen. Robert E. Lee, official report, 21 September 1863; War
Dept., OR, series I, vol. XXV, part 1 (1889): 795–805.
Early—Stonewall Jackson Is Shot
Lieut. Gen. Jubal Early, The Campaigns of Gen. Robert E. Lee (an address before Washington and Lee University, 19 January 1872), 2d rev. ed. (Baltimore: John Murphy & Co., 1872), 25–27.
Lieut. Gen. Jubal Early, “Stonewall Jackson—The Story of His Being an Astrologer Refuted—An Eyewitness Describes How He Was Wounded,” Southern Historical Society Papers 6, no. 5 (November 1878): 277–82.
Hooker—The Problem with Chancellorsville
Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker, testimony, 11 March 1865; Joint Committee, Conduct (1865), vol. 1, 142–44.
Meade—“I Am Sorry for Hooker”
Maj. Gen. George Meade, letters to his wife, 26 April and 7, 8, 10, 12, 19, 20, and 23 May 1863; Meade, Life, vol. 1, 369–79.
Hancock—“The Wheel of Fortune”
Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock, testimony, 22 March 1864; Joint Committee, Conduct (1865), vol. 1, 68–69.
Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock, letter to his wife; Hancock, Reminiscences, 94–95.
Box Quotations
Young, World, vol. 2, 212.
Capt. R. E. Wilbourn, letter to Lieut. Gen. Early, 5 March 1873; Lieut. Gen. Jubal Early, “Stonewall Jackson—The Story of His Being an Astrologer Refuted—An Eyewitness Describes How He Was Wounded,” Southern Historical Society Papers 6, no. 5 (November 1878): 267.
Maj.-Gen. Joseph Hooker, testimony, 11 March 1865; Joint Committee, Conduct (1865), vol. 1, 128.
Young, World, vol. 2, 463.
Side Box—Surgery and Medicine
The U.S. Sanitary Commission, A Report to the Secretary of War of the Operations of the Sanitary Commission, Upon the Sanitary Condition of the Volunteer Army, Its Medical Staff, Hospitals, and Hospital Supplies, December 1861; The U.S. Sanitary Commission, Documents of the U.S. Sanitary Commission, vol. 1 (New York: The U.S. Sanitary Commission, 1866), document 40, 16.
Overview
Porter, History, 326.
Acting Rear Adm. David D. Porter, dispatch, 4 July 1863; Moore, Rebellion, vol. 7, 153.
Johnston—Lost Opportunities
Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, “Jefferson Davis and the Mississippi Campaign,” The North American Review 143, no. 361 (December 1886): 585–90, 595–98.
Porter—Running the Gauntlet
Porter, History, 310-11, 324–25.
Grant—Assault or Siege
Grant, Memoirs, 520, 529–32.
Sherman—McClernand and the Second Assault
Sherman, Memoirs, vol. 1, 326–28.
Grant—Forcing a Surrender
Grant, Memoirs, 549–55, 566–67, 570, 579.
Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, letter to Gen. Marcus J. Wright, 30 November 1884; Gen. Ulysses Grant, “General Grant on the Terms at Vicksburg,” The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine 34, no. 4 (August 1887): 617.
Young, World, vol. 2, 615–19, 623, 625–26.
Box Quotations
Young, World, vol. 2, 212–13.
Anonymous, “Diary of a Citizen in Vicksburgh during the Siege”; Moore, Rebellion, vol. 7, 170.
Side Box—Ironclads and Submarines
Gen. G. T. Beauregard, telegram to Lieut. George Dixon; Glen Oeland, “The H.L. Hunley: Secret Weapon of the Confederacy,” National Geographic 202, no. 1 (July 2002): 90.
Longstreet—General Longstreet’s Spy
Lieut. Gen. James Longstreet, “Lee’s Invasion of Pennsylvania,” The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine 33, no. 4 (February 1887): 622–24.
Longstreet, Manassas, 346–48.
Longstreet, “Campaign,” 419.
Hancock—The First Day of Battle
Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock, “Gettysburg,” The Galaxy 22, no. 6 (December 1876): 821–23, 825, 828–29.
Chamberlain—“Hold That Ground at All Hazards”
Maj. Gen. Joshua Chamberlain, official report, 6 July 1863; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. XXVII, part I (1889): 622–26. Note: Maj. Gen. Chamberlain and his defense of Little Round Top on July 2, 1862, were dramatically portrayed in the movie Gettysburg, with Jeff Daniels as Chamberlain.
Col. William C. Oates, “Gettysburg—The Battle on the Right,” Southern Historical Society Papers VI, no. 4 (October 1878): 177–78.
Hood—General Lee’s Orders
Hood, Advance, 54–59.
Stuart—A Cavalry Battle
Maj. Gen. James Ewell Brown “Jeb” Stuart, official report, 20 August 1863; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. XXVII, part II (1889): pp. 687, 697–98, 710.
Custer—A Brilliant Charge
Brig. Gen. George Armstrong Custer, official report, 22 August 1863; Moore, Rebellion, vol. 7, 398.
Longstreet—From Seminary Ridge to Cemetery Ridge
Lieut. Gen. James Longstreet, “Lee’s Right Wing at Gettysburg”; Johnson, Battles, vol. 1, 339–54.
Longstreet, “Campaign,” 430–31.
Hancock—Pickett’s Charge
Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock, official report, undated, but written sometime before 24 October 1863; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. XXVII, part I (1889): 372–74.
Lieut. George G. Benedict, letter dated 14 July 1863 to the Burlington Free Press; George Grenville Benedict, Army Life in Virginia (Burlington, VT: Free Press Association, 1895), 182–84.
Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock, letter to Brig. Gen. Francis A. Walker quoted in Steven J. Wright, “‘Don’t Let Me Bleed To Death’: The Wounding of Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock,” Gettysburg Magazine no. 6 (January 1, 1992): 87–92.
Hancock, Reminiscences, 69–70.
Maj. Gen. Winfield Hancock testimony; Joint Committee, Conduct (1865), vol. 1, 408–9.
Meade—Not Bagging the Confederate Army
Maj. Gen. George Meade, letter to his wife, 5 July 1863; Meade, Life, vol. 2, 125.
Longstreet—Taking the Blame
Lieut. Gen. James Longstreet, letter to uncle; Anonymous, “The Battle of Gettysburg,” The New York Times, January 29, 1876, reprinted from the New Orleans Republican.
Gen. Lee quotation “Had I taken your advice …”; Longstreet, “Campaign,” 434.
Lieut. Gen. James Longstreet, “Lee’s Right Wing at Gettysburg”; Johnson, Battles, vol. 1, 350–54.
Lee—Dealing with the Loss
Gen. Robert E. Lee, report to Gen. S. Cooper, the adjutant and inspector general, 31 July 1863; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. XXVII, part II (1889): 305, 307–9.
Gen. Robert E. Lee, letter to Davis on newspaper article; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. XXVII, part III (1889): 108–10.
Box Quotations
Young, World, vol. 2, 299–300.
Col. William C. Oates, “Gettysburg—The Battle on the Right,” Southern Historical Society Papers VI, no. 4 (October 1878): 174.
Side Box—Espionage
Hancock, Reminiscences, 90.
Overview
Pres. Abraham Lincoln quoted in John Hay’s diary, 24 October 1863; John Hay and Clara Louise Hay, Letters of John Hay and Extracts from Diary, vol. 1 (Washington: n.p., 1908), 112.
Grant, Memoirs, 28.
Hood—Wounded
Hood, Advance, 60–65, 67.
Sheridan—The Grit to Hold the Field
Bio Box: Gen. Ulysses S. Grant quoted in George F. Hoar, “Some Political Reminiscences,” Scribner’s Magazine 25, no. 4 (April 1899): 462.
Bio Box: Young, World, vol. 2, 297.
Gen. Philip Sheridan, Personal Memoirs of P. H. Sheridan, General, United States Army, vol. 1 (New York: C. L. Webster & Co., 1888), 283–90.
Polk—Appeal to the President
Lieut. Gen. Leonidas Polk, letter to President Davis, 6 October 1863; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. XXX, part II (1890): 67–68.
Pres. Davis, letter to Lieut. Gen. Leonidas Polk, 29 October 1863; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. XXX, part II (1890): 70.
Forrest—“A Damned Scoundrel”
Col. R.B. Kyle to Pres. Jefferson Davis, quoted in John Allan Wyeth, Life of Lieutenant-General Nathan Bedford Forrest (New York: Harper & Bros., 1899), 267.
Dr. J. B. Cowan letter quoted in John Allan Wyeth, Life of Lieutenant-General Nathan Bedford Forrest (New York: Harper & Bros., 1899), 265–66. Oddly, some early and late pressings have this quotation and some don’t.
Longstreet—Entering a Hornets’ Nest
Longstreet, Manassas, 464–66, 468.
Bragg—The Other Side of the Story
Gen. Braxton Bragg, letter to Maj. E. T. Sykes, 8 February 1873; William Polk, Leonidas Polk: Bishop and General, vol. 2 (New York: Longmans, Green & Co., 1915), 308–13.
Rosecrans—“The Battle Roared with Increasing Fury”
Maj. Gen. William Rosecrans, official report, October 1863; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. XXX, part I (1890): 58–61.
Maj. Gen. William Rosecrans, testimony at Washington, D. C., 22 April 1865; Joint Committee, Conduct (1865), vol. 3, 29–33.
Grant—“Rosecrans Was Badly Defeated”
Grant, Memoirs, 21–24.
Young, World, vol. 2, 287–88.
Box Quotations
Brig. Gen. John Beatty, diary entry for 11 November 1863; John Beatty, The Citizen-Soldier; or, Memoirs of a Volunteer (Cincinnati: Wilstach, Baldwin & Co., 1879), 352–53.
Asst. Secretary of War Charles Dana, dispatch to Secretary of War Edwin Stanton; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. XXX, part I (1890): 221.
Gen. Robert E. Lee, telegram to Pres. Jefferson Davis, 29 May 1863; Robert E. Lee, Lee’s Dispatches (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1915), 99.
Side Box—Rebel Yell, Yankee Cheer
R. L. Dabney, Life and Campaigns of Lieut.-Gen. Thomas J. Jackson (Stonewall Jackson), (London: James Nesbit & Co., 1864), 259.
Ambrose Bierce, “A Little of Chickamauga,” in The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce, vol. 1 (New York: The Neale Publishing Co., 1909), 277.
Young, World, vol. 2, 26.
Col. Keller Anderson, Memphis Appeal, quoted in Lizzie Cary Daniel, Confederate Scrap-book (1893), 107.
J. Harvie Dew, “The Yankee and Rebel Yells,” The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine 43, no. 6 (April 1892): 953–55.
Overview
Maj. Gen. Grant, telegram to Maj. Gen. Meade, 1 August 1864; Joint Committee, Petersburg, 52.
Chamberlain—The Long Delay
Maj. Gen. Joshua Chamberlain, The Passing of the Armies (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1915), 25–27, 29.
Grant—Plan of Attack
Grant, Memoirs, 307–13.
Meade—A Most Unfortunate Operation
Maj. Gen. George Meade, official report, 16 August 1864; Joint Committee, Petersburg, 33–34.
Burnside—The Order to Withdraw
Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside, testimony before the congressional committee, 20 July 1864, and testimony at the Hancock inquiry, 10 August 1864; Joint Committee, Petersburg, 24, 165.
Grant—“The Saddest Affair I Have Witnessed”
Lieut. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, dispatches to Maj. Gen. Halleck, 1 and 2 August 1864; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. XL, part I (1892): 17–18.
Grant, Memoirs, 313–15.
Lieut. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, testimony before the congressional committee, 20 December 1864; Joint Committee, Petersburg, 123–25.
Hancock—The Court of Inquiry
Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock, opinion of the court, 9 September 1864; Joint Committee, Petersburg, 230–231.
Joint Committee, Petersburg, 8, 10.
Box Quotations
Lieut. Col. Charles Loring, testimony before the congressional committee, 20 December 1864; Joint Committee, Petersburg, 104–5.
Bvt. Maj. Charles H. Houghton, “In the Crater”; Johnson, Battles, vol. 4, 562.
Ibid., 562.
Sergt. A. H. Smyth, report, 30 July 1864; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. XL, part III (1892): 820.
Sherman—“Making Georgia Howl”
Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, telegram to Lieut. Gen. Grant, 9 October 1864; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. XXXIX, part III (1892): 162.
Grant—General Johnston, General Hood
Grant, Memoirs, 344–47, 355–56, 358, 361.
Sherman—A “Wild Adventure”
Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, telegram to Lieut. Gen. Grant, 9 October 1864; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. XXXIX, part III (1892): 713–14.
Sherman, Memoirs, vol. 2, 170, 177, 178–80, 182–83.
Beauregard—Trying to Stop Sherman
Gen. G. T. Beauregard, letter to Pres. Jefferson Davis, 6 December 1863; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. XLIV, part I (1893): 931–33.
Sherman—Journey to the Sea
Sherman, Memoirs, vol. 2, 190–91, 193–95, 196, 197–98, 199–200.
Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, letter to Lieut. Gen. William Hardee, 17 December 1864, and Lieut. Gen. Hardee, letter to Maj. Gen. Sherman, 17 December 1864; Alfred Roman, The Military Operations of General Beauregard, vol. 2 (New York: Harper & Bros., 1883), 315–17.
Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, official report, 1 January 1865; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. XLIV, part I (1893): 12–13.
Sherman, Memoirs, vol. 2, 220–21.
Grant—“Cruelty and Severity”
Young, World, vol. 2, 294–95, 307–8.
Box Quotations
Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, letter to his brother, Senator John Sherman, 25 January 1863; Sherman, “Letters,” 434.
Young, World, vol. 2, 470.
Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, letter to Brig. Gen. J. A. Rawlins, 17 September 1863; Sherman, Memoirs, vol. 1, 342.
Longstreet, Manassas, 640–41.
Gen. Joseph Johnston quoted in The New York Times, October 12, 1901.
Side Box—Innovative Weapons
Brig. Gen. George Armstrong Custer, official report, 22 August 1863; Moore, Rebellion, vol. 7, 398.
Grant, Memoirs, 538.
Junius Henri Browne, Four Years in Secessia: Adventures Within and Beyond the Union Lines (Hartford, CT: O. D. Case and Co., 1865), 89–90.
Porter, Incidents, 266.
Grant—Preparations with Sheridan
Young, World, vol. 2, 460, 656–57.
Sheridan—A White Flag
Gen. Philip Sheridan, Personal Memoirs of P. H. Sheridan, General, United States Army, vol. 2 (New York: C. L. Webster & Co., 1888), 193–97.
Longstreet—Waiting for Grant
Longstreet, Manassas, 627–30.
Grant—The Surrender
Young, World, vol. 2, 455–58.
Grant, Memoirs, 489–90, 496–98.
Chamberlain—“Morning Dawned”
Maj. Gen. Joshua Chamberlain, The Passing of the Armies (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1915), 244–50, 258, 261–65.
Grant—Assassination
Young, World, vol. 2, 354–56.
Box Quotations
Porter, Incidents, pp. 289, 299–300.
Brig. Gen. E. P. Alexander, Military Memoirs of a Confederate: A Critical Narrative (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1907), 609.
Gen. Robert E. Lee, report to Pres. Jefferson Davis, 12 April 1865; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. XLVI, part 1, section 2 (1894): 1267.
Side Box—Guerrillas
Young, World, vol. 2, 308–9.
Lee—Farewell to the Army of Northern Virginia
Gen. Robert E. Lee, General Orders No. 9, 10 April 1865; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. XLVI, part 2, section 2 (1894): 1267.
Forrest—Your Final Orders
Lieut. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest, farewell orders, 9 May 1865; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. XLIX, part 2 (1897): 1289–90.
Pickett—Visiting Old Friends
Maj. Gen. George Pickett, The Heart of a Soldier (New York: Seth Moyle Inc., 1913), 183–87. Note that there is considerable scholarly debate over whether Sallie fictionalized, rewrote, or heavily edited her husband’s letters. Computer analysis suggests this letter is mostly authentic.
Longstreet—History Written in Blood
Longstreet, Manassas, 630.
Beauregard—How We Could Have Won
Beauregard, “Bull Run,” 103–4, 106.
Grant—Failure of the Reconstruction
Young, World, vol. 2, 661–63.
Forrest—Forrest’s Civil Rights Speech
Anonymous, “The Fourth,” Memphis Daily Appeal 35, no. 139 (July 6, 1875): 1. With some corrections from the Memphis Daily Avalanche, July 6, 1875, as quoted in J. H. Segars and Charles Kelly Barrow, eds., Black Southerners in Confederate Armies: A Collection of Historical Accounts (Gretna, LA: Pelican Publishing, 2001; 2007 printing), 169–70.
Pickett—Remembering the Dead at Gettysburg
Maj. Gen. George Pickett, The Heart of a Soldier (New York: Seth Moyle Inc., 1913), 205–7. Note that there are scholars who suggest Sallie fictionalized or rewrote her husband’s letters. Computer analysis suggests this letter is mostly authentic.
Hancock—Looking Back on the Storm
Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock, “Gettysburg,” The Galaxy 22, no. 6 (December 1876): 831.
Stuart
Gen. Robert E. Lee, General Orders No. 44, 20 May 1864; War Dept., OR, series I, vol. XXXVI, part III (1891): 800.
Longstreet, Manassas, 573.
Polk
Jefferson Davis, The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government, vol. 2 (New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1881), 554–55.
Grant
Lieut. Gen. James Longstreet toast quoted in Helen D. Longstreet, Lee and Longstreet at High Tide (Gainesville, GA: published by the author, 1904), 108.
Lieut. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest quoted in Anonymous, “N. B. Forrest Interview,” Cincinnati Commercial, August 28, 1868; New York Times, September 3, 1868.
Sheridan
Gen. Ulysses S. Grant quoted in George F. Hoar, “Some Political Reminiscences,” Scribner’s Magazine 25, no. 4 (April 1899): 462.
Box Quotation
Henry W. Elson in Francis Trevelyan Miller and Robert S. Lanier, eds., The Photographic History of the Civil War, vol. 2 (New York: The Review of Reviews Co., 1911), 96.