INDEX

adaptation, 48, 72, 94, 117, 176

Advertiser (Adelaide), 3

Agnew, Colonel, 206

air-conditioning, 37, 77

air-raid shelters, 38, 58, 133, 134-5

alcohol, 194

Allied Control Commission (ACC), 13, 118

Ambon, 159

ambulance services, 34—5, 43, 54, 66, 145, 157, 192

American Field Service, 35

Americans, 7, 12, 93

Auschwitz, 114, 166, 182, 184; extermination, 28, 50, 54, 65; identification numbers, 72, 75; Luneberg trials, 153, 156—60, 162; survivor’s story, 127, 129—33

Australia, 3—5, 18, 74, 100, 121, 202, 213

Australian Army Nursing Service (AANS), 4, 210

Australian Red Cross, 208

Australians, 12, 17, 19-20, 35, 56, 86, 94

Bach, Ella, 97

Backhouse, Colonel, 161-2

Baker, Clarrie, 3

barbed wire, 35, 36, 42, 58, 59, 65, 131, 146, 170

Barstch, Louise, 94, 97

Bartels, 201

Beardwell, Miss, 54—5

beds, 77, 179; camp bunks, 42, 43, 128, 131, 132; hospital, 38, 71, 73, 106, 109, 115; see also blankets and linen

bedside nursing, 99, 119, 137-8

Belgians, 66, 93

Belgium, 19—20, 143

Bendel, Sigismund Charles, 155

Bengal famine mixture, 49

Bergen-Belsen (concentration camp), 10, 25, 117, 126, 164; German Army facilities, 36—9; memorial services, 56-7, 59, 78, 141—2, 165, 172, 205, 205—6; name changed to Hohne, 148; site layout, 28, 35—9, 40, 41, 58—60, 141, 170, 205; UNRRA role, 174, 205, 214—15; see also liberation; war crime trials

Bergen-Belsen area, 27, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 48

Berlin, Franz, 72-3

Bernay—Ficklin, Major General, 155

Bernhart, Emile, 121

Bidstrup, Dr Lesley, 86

Bird, Colonel H. L., 56-7

blankets and linen, 115, 184, 193; control problems, 111—13, 179—80, 194; shortages, 64, 108, 179; used to make clothing by DPs, 74, 112—13, 117—18, 166

Boissier, Miss, 208

Bormann, Juana, 154—5, 186, 203 bread, 12, 37, 43, 47, 50, 52, 62—3, 100, 129, 131, 132, 133, 143, 191

Bremen, 27, 127

British Army, 85, 93-4; 2nd Army, 34, 56, 170; 8th Corps, 33—4; 21st Army Group, 19, 23, 26, 49, 135—6; 30th Army Corps, v, 26—7; 63rd Anti-Tank Regiment, 34; food ration scales, 48—9, 62-3, 76—7, 190—1, 216—24; see also liberation

British Barley Corn Plan, 87

British Broadcasting Commission (BBC), 22, 170—1, 174, 186—8

British Casualty Clearing Station (CCS), 34, 35, 48, 53

British General Hospital, 35, 71, 88, 137, 178

British medical students, 36, 50—1, 54—5, 59

British Military Government, 34, 85—90 passim, 100, 106, 169; see also Luneberg trials

British Military Police, 140, 154, 168

British nurses, 54—5, 71, 94, 95, 118, 119, 137

British Officers Club (Hamburg), 119, 139

British Red Cross Society (BRCS), 17, 34—5, 42, 54, 55, 57, 65, 71, 75, 76, 79, 80, 81, 91, 175, 191, 206

British Zone, 21, 33, 81, 90, 91, 120, 168, 203, 206

Britten, Benjamin, 78

Brunehilde, 28-9

burials, see mass graves

Burns, Lottie, 102—4

Butler, Miss, 4

camp records, 34, 44, 65, 78, 135

camp security, 36, 122—3, 131; curfews, 53, 109, 122—3; escort for women, 85; observation towers, 36, 58, 142; sirens, 109, 188; see also barbed wire

Campbell, Fauna, 19—20, 35, 56, 63

Canadian nurses, 93, 94, 97, 115, 193

cannibalism, 43, 145

Celie, 115—16

cemeteries, 105, 164, 165; see also mass graves

censorship, 11, 117, 144, 203

Central Intelligence Bureau (CIB), 116

Central Jewish Committee, 121, 182

ceremonies and rituals, 100; see also Italian ceremonies; Jewish ceremonies; memorial services; Polish ceremonies; religious ceremonies

cheese-making, 147, 149

Chetwode, Field Marshall Lord, 81

children, 12, 22, 29, 66, 72—4, 76, 79, 94, 120, 130, 175, 179, 182—3, 198

children’s hospitals, 107; Glyn Hughes Hospital, 60, 72—4, 115, 120, 166; original, 55, 62, 65, 72, 89, 169

Christians, 129

Christmas, 131, 201, 203

churches, 79—80

Churchill, Winston, 6, 11, 20, 62

cigarettes, 17, 95, 179

cinemas, 37, 77, 79

circumcision, 198-200

cleaning materials, 71, 91, 92, 115, 166

cleansing operations, 53—5, 58, 59, 65—6, 90—2, 184

clothing, 79, 119, 176; baby clothing, 80, 115, 185, 196; levy on Germans, 74, 179; made by DPs, 74—5, 112—13, 117—18, 166, 179, 182; see also prison uniforms

clothing stores, 65, 74—5, 76, 79

Collis, Professor W. R. F., 72, 80

communism, 101, 149, 181, 190

concentration camps, 35, 54, 114, 182, 186—8, 199, 206; survivors’ stories, 127-36, 142—5, 146; see also Auschwitz; Bergen-Belsen (concentration camp)

concerts, 77-81 passim, 115—16, 182, 198

Concord General Repatriation Hospital, 211

cooking, 35, 37, 59, 63, 76-7, 107, 147, 149, 169, 183

cooking staff, 76, 92-3, 107

crematoria, 28—9, 35, 36, 50, 59, 131, 156—9

Crips, Captain, 55

curfews, 53, 109, 122-3

customs services, 4-5, 19

Czech Jews, 28—9, 127—36, 146

Czechoslovakia, 120, 149

Czechs, 76, 93, 116

Dachau, 182

Dagford, 29, 94

dances, 79, 81, 139—40, 168, 198

Davis, Dr W. A., 26, 28, 33

DDT, 54, 55, 58, 61, 72, 106

death rates, 42, 50, 55, 56, 58, 59, 64, 144, 170—1, 205—6

decorations, 77, 80, 81, 100, 146

dehydration, 48, 107

Deimas-Marsalet, J., 189, 190

Delaney, Doris, 94, 194

delousing, 53-4, 59, 100, 184

demonstrations and riots, 37, 105, 107, 141, 147, 181—2, 195

diarrhoea, 43, 48, 49, 63, 88

Dimbleby, Richard, 170—1

diphtheria, 113, 115

diseases, 63, 115, 176, 178; see also tuberculosis; typhus

disinfectants, 38, 71, 137; see also DDT

dogs, 59, 108, 122, 130, 131, 132, 155, 161, 162

Doherty, Muriel Knox, 2, 10, 96, 209; accommodated in German farmhouse, 29, 85, 86—7; appointed UNRRA Chief Nurse for Poland, 202—3, 204, 212; attends dinner to hear King’s speech, 100; attends DP concerts, 78—9; attends Jewish ceremonies, 121, 141—2, 182, 197, 198—200; attends Polish wedding, 79—80; attends reception for Field Marshal Lord Chetwode, 81; awarded Royal Red Cross Medal (1st Class), 170, 186; BBC broadcast, 170—1, 186—8, 189, 190; biographical note, 207—12; dines with Menuhin and Britten, 77—8; early career, 116, 208, 210; godmother to DP babies, 114, 122, 176—7, 196; handmade gifts from patients, 117, 118, 167; intruder episode, 86—7; meets Brigadier Glyn Hughes, 141; travels from Australia to Bergen-Belsen, 3—7, 11—14, 16—24, 26—9; visits Horror Camp, 58—60; visits Lubeck, 145—6; see also Glyn Hughes Hospital

dolls, 166, 167

domestic staff, 63, 86, 89, 108, 109, 113, 122, 140, 148, 182

drugs, 64, 115, 138

Dutch, 72—3, 168, 178

electricity supply, 43, 107, 109, 122, 134, 139

emergency hospitals, 35, 49, 53-5, 58—9, 62—5 passim, 70, 71, 120

emergency measures, see liberation

epidemics, 178, 208; see also typhus

Evangelical Deaconesses, 98

exhibitions, 146, 165—6, 167, 196

exposure, 114, 127, 131, 132, 144; sleeping outdoors, 108, 117; unsheltered prisoners at Bergen-Belsen, 27, 35, 53, 58, 144

Falingbostel, 76

families, 65, 80-1, 95, 99, 106, 128, 131, 131-2, 165

Fanshaw, Major General, 206

Ferenc, 92-3

Fischer, Adolf, 128, 129

flags, 24, 56, 57, 59, 72—5 passim, 78, 100, 105

flies, 55, 72, 80, 85, 137

food: huge quantities in German store-rooms, 37; pilfering, 47, 50, 62, 91—2, 93, 137, 191, 202—3; see also bread; milk and milk products; national dishes; potatoes; soup; starvation

food cravings, 49, 50

food parcels, 121, 191

food rations, 12-13, 17, 19, 107, 121, 128, 147, 161, 184; British Army scales, 48—9, 62—3, 76—7, 190—1, 216—24

forced labour, see slave workers

forced marches, 29, 35, 127, 129, 144

France, 21, 116, 142-3, 143, 186—8, 189, 190

Franciscan nuns, 71, 78

Free Nurses, 98

French, 71, 78, 94, 105, 133, 142—3

fuel, 77, 107, 108, 111, 112, 139—40, 169, 176, 179, 193

furniture and fittings, 91-4 passim, 93—4, 115, 169—70, 184

gas chambers, 28—9, 50, 54, 72, 128, 132, 156-60, 182, 183

gastro-intestinal diseases, 63, 72, 106—7, 115

Gaudioso, Gerado, 77

George VI, 11, 100, 211

German Army, 6, 33—4, 44, 53, 81, 87, 166; see also German Panzer Training Barracks; German SS

German countryside, 24, 27, 58, 59, 85, 111, 146, 149, 153

German doctors, 98, 106—7, 114, 138, 168, 178; SS human experiments, 50, 156, 158

German farms, 24, 27, 29, 38, 85-6, 87, 89, 194; raided by DPs, 67, 94, 188, 194

German hospitals, 43, 53, 145, 147

German Jews, 129, 142—5, 159-60, 183

German Military Hospital, see Glyn Hughes Hospital

German nurses, 62, 71, 119—20, 175, 200; accommodation, 89, 108; German matrons, 97—8, 106, 108, 118, 146, 168, 188, 190, 193; influenced by Nazism, 98—9, 107, 118, 146, 168, 201; leave racket, 97—8, 106; letter from German nurse, 102-4; nursing skills, 99, 106, 115, 119, 137—8, 169, 201; Oberschwester, 179-80, 184, 185, 203; supervision, 54, 60, 64

German Officers Club, see Round House

German Panzer Training Barracks, 35, 36—9, 44, 48, 53, 181

German Red Cross Nursing Sisterhood, 89, 97—9 passim, 118, 119, 157, 160

German sick and destitute, 53, 65, 81, 147, 174, 175

German spies, 166

German SS, 47, 114, 119; atrocities, 35, 36, 43—4, 59, 166, 170-1, 199; destroy camp records, 34, 44, 65, 78; force Jews to commit atrocities, 65, 127-8, 156—8; medical experiments, 50, 156, 158; pre-liberation starvation of prisoners, 33, 43, 47, 48, 144—5; survivors’ accounts, 127—36, 142-5, 155-62; under British Army, 34, 55—6; see also forced marches; slave workers; war crime trials

Germany, 67, 79; Germany for the Germans movement, 168; surrenders Bergen-Belsen, 33—4; violates liberation truce, 43-4, 47—8, 53, 65, 78; war damage, 22—4, 119, 127, 133, 134-5, 145-6

Germany for the Germans, 168

Gillet, Miss, 94

glucose, 49, 106

Glyn Hughes, Brigadier Hugh Llewellyn, 34, 56, 57, 141, 161, 170—1

Glyn Hughes Children’s Hospital, 60, 72-4, 115, 120, 166

Glyn Hughes Hospital, 62, 73, 84, 140—1, 147; clinics, 176; conditions on UNRRA takeover, 137—8; control of blankets and linen, 108, 111—13, 117—18, 179-80, 193, 194; dances in wards, 139—40, 168; dietary considerations, 63, 107, 147, 149, 190—1; drug administration, 115, 138; exhibitions of patients’ handcrafts, 146, 165—6, 167; food shortages, 106-7, 147, 190—1; former German Military Hospital facilities, 38-9, 39, 40; fuel shortages, 107, 108, 111, 112, 139—40, 169, 176, 179, 193; German doctors, 106-7, 114, 138, 168, 178; hospital supplies, 114—15, 137, 138, 173, 176; isolation wards, 169, 183; language problems, 140, 192, 193, 201—2; laundry, 191—2, 193; medical staff, 114, 168, 178; occupational therapy, 116—17, 165—6, 167, 182; overcrowding, 106, 137; pilfering, 109, 137, 169-70, 184, 191, 202-3; rumours, 140, 147, 174; security, 98, 106, 137, 166; Tb patients, 80, 81, 101, 109—10, 115, 120, 192—4; water and electricity supply, 107, 109, 122, 139, 140, 200—1; see also German nurses; UNRRA nursing team

Glyn Hughes Maternity Hospital, 73—4, 87, 106, 112, 176, 185, 196

Glyn Hughes Mothers Convalescent Home, 176—7, 184—5, 198-200

Goering, Hermann, 22, 55, 176

Grese, Irma, 154, 155, 160, 161, 186, 203

gypsies, 73, 77, 79, 93, 94, 140, 156, 165-6, 167, 179, 183

Hamburg, 27, 97—8, 119, 127, 133, 134—5, 145—6

handcrafts, 72—6 passim, 79-81 passim, 117, 118, 198; exhibitions of patients’ work, 146, 165—6, 167, 196; see also sewing materials

hangings, 36, 127—8, 129, 143, 160, 186, 203

Hanover, 74, 194

Harrods (camp clothing store), 65, 74—5, 76

heating, 38, 94, 108, 111, 139—40, 176

Himmler, Heinrich, 55, 158

Hitler, Adolf, 57, 59, 72—3, 99, 166, 195—6

Hoessler, 158—60

Hohne, see Bergen-Belsen (concentration camp)

Holland, 20—1, 22, 50, 143, 168

hospital admissions and discharges, 65, 75, 106, 108, 117’ 169

hospital dispensaries, 55, 58—9, 138

hospital security, 98, 105, 106, 119, 137, 166

hospitals, see British General Hospital; children’s hospitals; emergency hospitals; German Hospitals; Glyn Hughes Hospital; maternity hospitals; mental hospitals; Round House

housekeepers, 86, 94—5, 108, 122, 140, 141, 182

Hungarian domestic staff, 63, 89, 91—3 passim, 95, 113

Hungarian Jews, 95, 114, 166, 167, 183

Hungarian soldiers, 34, 36, 43, 44, 47, 51, 53, 55, 89, 112, 141, 142, 160, 193

huts, 36, 42—3, 55, 56—7, 59

identification, 59, 127, 132, 134, 142—3; camp records destroyed, 34, 44, 65, 78; tattoos, 72, 75, 119, 130; see also missing persons

infant care, 80, 106—7, 184, 185, 196

infants, 114, 176—7, 198—200

influenza, 178, 208

International Communist Brigade, 142

international relief missions, 57, 66

intruders, 86—7, 93

inventories, 90, 111—12, 115, 179—80, 194

isolation wards, 169, 183

Italian ceremonies, 105, 114

Jackson, Mrs, 96

Japan, 100, 193

Jewish ceremonies, 121, 141—2, 182, 198—200, 205—6

Jewish schools, 182—3, 198

Jews, 29, 65, 95, 167, 174, 191, 198, 199, 212; forced to commit atrocities, 65, 127—8, 156—8; repatriation, 67, 181, 182—3, 198, 200, 202, 298; see also Czech Jews; German Jews; Hungarian Jews; Polish Jews; Romanian Jews

Johnstone, Colonel]. A. D., 34, 53, 56, 57

Jorlan, Mademoiselle, 121

Kavohlat, 128-9

Keitel, Wilhelm, 176

kindergartens, 76, 182

Kitler, Herr, 166

Klein, Dr, 154, 155, 159—61, 186

Kluzer, Dr, 168

Koppa, Ameri-go, 114, 122

Kotz, Doli, 121

Kramer, Joseph, 100; hanged, 186, 203; pre-trial imprisonment, 36, 37-8, 115, 194; trial, 140, 154, 155, 158—60, 162

Kramer, Rosa, 140, 182

Kuschenblatt, Lola, 198

Lajor, 92—3

Lampe, Paul, 116

language, 21, 27, 73, 77, 79, 92, 95, 98, 121—2, 140, 142, 153, 155—6, 183, 186, 192—3, 201—2

Latvian nurses, 71, 97, 98, 106, 174

laundries, 37, 93, 191—2, 193

Layton, Dr Tubby, 18, 19, 23, 33

Lazecko, Miss, 193

Le Deuillence, Harold, 162

Leach, Dr C. N., 49

Lenka, 127—36, 146

letter-writing, 127, 133, 144

liberation, 33—44, 47—68; British take over, 33—4, 135—6, 170; burial of dead, 36, 42, 55—6, 58, 141; ceremonial burning of huts, 56—7, 59; cleansing operations, 53—5, 55, 59, 61; condition of survivors, 33, 42-4, 47—8, 63—4, 144—5; death rates, 42, 50, 55, 56, 58, 59, 64, 144, 170—1, 205—6; emergency feeding, 34, 47—51, 59, 62—4; emergency hospitals, 35, 49, 53—5, 58—9,. 62—5 passim, 70, 71, 120; emergency powers, 36, 53, 54, 55-6, 67, 74, 122—3, 178; first anniversary, 205—6; nursing and medical parties, 34—5, 49, 50—1, 53—6 passim; prisoners’ reactions, 34, 51, 135—6, 145; repatriation, 64, 66—7; scene on arrival, 42—3, 58, 170—1; truce violated, 34, 43—4, 47—8, 53, 65, 78; typhus epidemic, 26, 33—4, 42, 43, 44, 47, 61, 65

Libre (newspaper), 186-8, 189, 190

‘Life in Concentration Camp’ series (Tannenbaum), 25, 46, 110, 113—14, 126, 152, 164, 166

lighting, 139, 140, 200-1

Lithuanians, 120, 169-70, 174

London, 7, 11—13, 16-17

Loske, Anita, 159-60

Lubbe, Wille, 142—5

Lubeck, 145-6

Lubin, 114

Lulbak, 121

Luneberg, 188

Luneberg trials, 122, 140-1; accused, 154—5; attended by UNRRA staff, 140, 152—62, 153, 186; evidence, 155—60; executions, 186, 203; pre-trial imprisonment, 36, 37-8, 115

MacDougall-Ind, Jean, 56

McLaughlin, Clarrie, 3

Maggioli, Pietro, 77

Maidanek, 114

mass graves, 35, 36, 55—6, 59, 78, 141—2, 142, 160, 205-6

maternity hospitals, 60, 65, 72-3, 80—1, 169, 184; see also Glyn Hughes Maternity Hospital; Glyn Hughes Mothers Convalescent Home

Mather, Lt Colonel, 34

Mecklenberg (ship), 18

media, 56, 80, 144, 154, 170—1, 186—8

medical experiments, 50, 156, 158

medical staff: liberation teams, 23, 26, 33, 34, 35, 44, 49, 53—6 passim; RAMC, 34, 49, 54, 55, 65; see also German doctors; UNRRA medical staff

medical students, 36, 50—1, 54—5, 59, 66

Meiklejohn, Dr A. P., 44, 49

memorial services, 56—7, 59, 78, 141—2, 165, 172, 197, 205—6

Mengele, Josef, 158

mental hospitals, 65, 145

Menuhin, Yehudi, 77-8

messes, 6, 23, 37-8, 80, 85, 86, 87, 92, 94, 95, 121, 194

Meyer, Keith, 162

mice, 74, 93

Michell, Helen, 3, 17

midwives, 60, 98—9, 165, 175, 184

Mili, 93, 140

military parades, 81

milk and milk products, 12, 49, 85, 147, 149

mines, 18—19, 22

Mischa, 92-3, 100

missing persons, 44, 95, 145, 165, 186—8, 189, 190; camp records destroyed, 34, 44, 65, 78

Moll, H. P., 158

Montgomery, General Bernard, 19, 22, 23, 169, 203

monuments, 205-6

mouth diseases, 49, 63

murders, 67, 87, 119, 175—6

music, 80; bands, 100, 132, 139—40, 168; concerts, 77—81 passim, 115—16, 182, 198; ordered by SS, 129, 132, 143, 160

national anthems, 78, 100, 116, 127, 198

national dishes, 63, 76—7, 80, 100, 147, 149, 179—80

national traditions, 78, 80, 97, 112, 121, 182, 194, 198—200, 201

Nationalist Socialist Nurses, 98

nationalities, 12, 65—6, 71, 80, 85, 100—1, 120; ethnic and racial conflict, 62, 85, 98, 181, 188, 189-90, 193, 195; multinational nursing team, 34-5, 63, 93, 94, 97, 98, 201

Navy, Army and Air Force Institutes (NAAFI), 19

Nazi health services, 98-9, 118, 168, 201

Nazi propaganda, 99, 118, 127—8, 129, 195

Nazism, kultur, 28, 56-7, 58, 99, 149, 202; symbols, 23, 38, 57, 59, 77

Neuengamme, 187

New Zealanders, 12

newspapers, 3, 12, 144, 186—8, 189, 190

nuns, 71, 78, 98, 105

nurses, 53—4; multinational team, 34-5, 63, 93, 94, 97, 98, 201; training program, 174—5; see also German nurses; Latvian nurses; UNRRA nursing team

observation towers, 36, 58, 142

occupational therapy, 116—17, 165—6, 167, 182

odours, 147, 149; Belsen odour, 42, 59, 88, 170

old people, 75, 128, 129, 130

Otte, Aniliese, 185

overcrowding: of concentration camps, 27, 35-6, 36, 42, 131, 132, 141, 144; of hospitals, 64, 71, 72, 74, 106, 137

overfeeding, 48

Palestine, 67, 181, 182

parenting skills, 80-1, 184

passive resistance, 91, 119

patient supervision, 51, 108—9, 117, 174—5

peptic ulcer diet, 50

pilfering, see theft

Pilsen, 127

Piri, 95, 140

Pitrucchi, 79—80

Poland, 67, 149, 201, 202—3, 212

Polanski, Romason, 159

Poles, 63, 101, 106, 117, 120, 143, 165, 174, 181, 184, 195; Chief Nurse for Poland, 202—3, 212; repatriation, 67, 119, 156, 181-2, 205

Polish ceremonies, 79-80, 172, 176—7, 205

Polish Committee, 165

Polish Jews, 67, 159, 161, 183, 198

Polish Ministry of Health, 203

Polish National Institute of Hygiene, 203

postal services, 66, 74, 11 5

potatoes, 37, 47, 62—3, 121, 143, 194

Prior, Major, 56

prison uniforms, 59, 117, 130, 132-3, 134, 140, 166, 167

propaganda, 101, 117; Nazi, 99, 118, 127-8, 129, 195

protein deficiency disorders, 44

protein hydrolysate, 49-50

psychology of DPs, 138—9, 175; effect of liberation, 34, 51, 117, 135-6, 145; fears and phobias, 50, 54, 62, 64, 80, 174, 177’ 181, 183; moral standards, 67, 94, 113, 131; morale, 48, 63, 64, 74, 75, 77, 78—9, 147; of children, 73, 183

public health nursing, 120, 175, 184

Queen Alexandra’s Imperial Military Nursing Service (Reserve) (QAIMNS(R)), 19, 23, 34, 35, 71—2

Raeder, 176

reading material, 77, 11 7

Red Army, 101, 120, 181

rehabilitation stages, 183—4

relief missions, 57, 66, 89

religious ceremonies, 105, 114, 165; see also Jewish ceremonies; Polish ceremonies

repatriation, 21, 27, 64, 66—7, 79, 120, 215; Jews, 67, 181, 182—3, 198, 200, 202, 298; Poles, 67, 119, 156, 181—2, 205; to Sweden, 99—100, 120

reprisals, 36, 75-6, 87, 143, 145, 175—6; raids on German farms, 67, 94, 188, 194

resistance movements, 67, 142—3, 158

Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 176

Richards, Miss, 94

Rockefeller Foundation Health Commission, 44, 49

roll counts, 97, 131, 134—5, 143, 144

Roman Catholic Church, 71, 79-80, 98, 105, 114, 116, 121, 165, 172

Romanian Jews, 29, 65, 95, 140, 155-8, 184

Roosevelt, F. D. R., 213

Round House, 37, 53, 55, 62, 70, 71, 80, 88, 120, 183

Royal Air Force (RAF), 5, 22, 42, 62, 79, 115-16, 119, 183

Royal Alexandria Hospital for Children (Sydney), 107

Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC), 34, 49, 54, 55, 65

Royal Army Sanitary Corp (RASC), 90, 91, 92

Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), 6, 12

Royal Australian Air Force Nursing Service (RAAFNS), 195, 211

Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (Sydney), 19, 35, 81, 208, 210, 212

Rund, Krysstow, 176—7, 196

Russians, 50, 141, 156; POW Tb patients, 81, 101, 109—10, 115, 120, 192—4

Sachsenhausen (Saxenhausen), 143, 186—7

Saint, 107

St George’s Hospital (London), 54

St John’s Ambulance, 34—5, 42, 57’ 58, 175, 208

St Vincent de Paul nuns, 71, 78

sanitary squads, 65—6

Schacht, Hjalmar, 176

Schlamontz, 159

Schlomer, Irma, 95

schools, 76, 175, 182, 183, 198

Scots, 81, 93

security, 27, 74, 154; see also camp security; hospital security

Sedmalis, Erika, 97

Selmi, Guiseppe, 77

sewing machines, 109, 112

sewing materials, 64, 74—5, 112, 117, 146, 166, 182

Shiffman, Christa, 168

Simmonds, 34

sirens, 109, 188

slave workers, 22, 27, 28, 65, 67, 79, 99, 107, 156, 157, 166, 181, 182, 186—8; survivors’ accounts, 127—36, 142—5, 146

soap, 71, 91, 92, 115

Sohr, Miss, 93, 194

soup, 43, 47, 49, 62, 63, 128, 129, 132, 133, 143

South African Jews, 191

Soviet Union, 29, 67, 101, 120, 144, 149, 159, 174, 181, 215

Spanish Civil War, 142, 143

Special Kommandos, 156—8

spies, 166

sputum mugs, 64, 71, 137

Squares, 54, 62, 65, 71, 76, 81, 115, 144

Staff Head Quarters Allied Expeditionary Forces (SHAEF), 13, 16

starvation, 142; diet for, 48—50; emergency feeding, 34, 47-51, 59, 62—4; hoarding by DPs, 64, 72; nursing of, 63—4; under Germans, 33, 43, 47, 62, 128-34 passim, 143

Stawell, Brigadier, 206

Steiner, Eva, 77

Stenhouse, Miss, 93

sterilisers, 38, 71, 137, 186

Stirling, C. L., 155

Strauer, Alexis, 185

Streicher, Julius, 176

Sucheka, Toni, 79-80

suicides, 36

surgery, 114, 141

Swan Lake (Bergen-Belsen), 37, 183, 202

Sweden, 100, 120

Swedish Red Cross, 99-100

swimming pools, 37, 129

Swiss International Red Cross, 183

Switzerlan d, 183

Sydenstricker, Colonel V. P., 49

Szloch, Miss, 93, 96, 201, 203

Tannenbaum, F., ‘Life in Concentration Camp’ series, 25, 46, 110, 113—14, 126, 152, 164, 166

tattoos, 72, 75, 119, 130

Tewsley, Dr Phyllis, 16—17, 183, 198, 199

theatre nurses, 60, 114, 138

theatres, 37, 115—16, 121, 182

theft, 75, 92, 109, 119; blankets and linen, 74—5, 111-13, 117—18, 191, 194; food, 47, 50, 91—2, 93, 137, 169-70, 202—3; from German farms, 67, 94, 188, 194; furniture, 93—4, 169—70; klipsi klipsi, 94, 113, 178

Theresienstadt, 127-8, 129

thermometers, 38, 115, 173

Tiefstock, 134—5

tracheitis, 178

transit camps, 17, 19, 21, 55, 59, 127, 129, 132

travel: Australia to London, 3-7; London to Bergen-Belsen, 11-14, 16—24, 26—9

truce period, 34, 43—4, 47—8, 53, 65, 78

tuberculosis, 60, 64—5, 71, 72, 80, 88, 89, 108—9, 113, 11 7, 121, 137, 142, 147, 176, 183, 186; Russian POW Tb patients, 81, 101, 109—10, 115, 120, 192—4

typhoid, 63, 115

typhus, 26, 33—4, 42, 43, 44, 47, 58, 61, 65, 71, 72, 95, 106, 115, 144, 145, 170

Udell, Miss, 60

Union Jack, 24, 56, 57, 74—5

United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA): anniversary of liberation, 205—6; assumes control of entire camp, 174, 205; French training centre investigated, 116; history, 213-15; in British Zone, 33, 81, 90, 91, 120, 203, 206; in Poland, 201, 202; London HQ, 2, 7, 13—14; staff attend Luneberg trials, 151—62, 186; US contribution, 195, 215; welfare services, 3, 116, 165, 175; see also UNRRA medical staff; UNRRA nursing team

United States Medical Corps, 26

United States of America, 114, 191, 195, 215

United States Typhus Commission, 26

UNRRA medical staff, 16—17, 18, 19, 23, 26, 33, 49, 86, 90, 91, 120

UNRRA nursing team, 96, 121, 147, 192, 201—2, 203; accommodation, 71, 88—94; formal takeover of Glyn Hughes Hospital, 95, 97, 137; housekeeper problems, 86, 92, 94—5, 108, 122, 140, 148, 182; Luneberg trials, 152—62, 186; MKD appointed Chief Nurse and Principal Matron, v, 13—14; MKD appointed Chief Nurse for Poland, 202-3, 204, 212; MKD arrives in Bergen-Belsen, 26—9; MKD’s processing in London, 11, 13—18; relations with UNRRA administration, 4, 7, 13, 16, 33, 47, 62, 71, 88, 120, 176, 178, 214; report on nursing matrons, 137-8; role of Chief Nurse and Principal Matron, xiii, 68, 71, 74, 77, 90, 101; staff requirements, 60, 88, 120; staff shortages, 100—1, 111, 120, 176, 178; team arrives in Bergen-Belsen, 92—5 passim; transport problems, 87, 107

Vanderwell, Miss, 93, 114

Vatican Mission, 71, 78, 114, 116, 121, 165

vermin, 42—3, 74, 93, 129, 135; flies, 30, 55, 72, 85, 137; see also delousing

vitamins, 44, 48, 49, 121

Volkenrath, Elizabeth, 155, 186, 203

Vollman, Oberin, 118

voluntary organisations, 35, 66, 88, 100, 174, 181, 205

vomiting, 48, 49, 63

Von Oetzen, Oberin, 118

war crime trials, xiii, 170, 176; see also Luneberg trials

war damage: Europe, 6, 7, 11-13, 20—3; Germany, 21—4, 27, 119, 127, 133, 134—5, 145—6

War Office, 16—17

water supply, 34; hospital breakdowns, 107, 109, 122, 139; sabotaged, 43, 47—8, 53

weddings, 79—80

Wehl-Rosenfeld, Gertrud, 116

Wehrmacht, see German Army’

welfare services, 78—9, 88, 95, 121, 175

welfare workers, 3, 66, 116, 121, 165, 175, 191, 198

Willaert, Miss, 93, 96

Winwood, Major T. C. M., 162

Women’s Army Corps, 7

Woolworths (camp store), 76, 111

World War II, 6, 19, 22, 33, 34, 62, 67, 79, 100, 103, 116, 135, 143, 144, 147—50, 149, 159, 190, 193, 194, 200

x-rays, 101, 183

Yad Vashem Archives, ix, 208, 212

young people, 75, 76, 127—36, 146, 166, 167, 182, 206

Yugoslavia, 120

Yugoslavs, 76, 79