The Main Terms of the Treaties of Utrecht, Baden and Rastadt, and Madrid (1713–1715)
(a) |
King Philip V to be recognised as King of Spain and the Indies. The crowns of France and Spain to always remain separate.* |
(b) |
Naples, the Milanese region, Sardinia and the southern Netherlands to be under Austrian rule. The Dutch Barrier in the southern Netherlands, in revised form, to be re-established. |
(c) |
France to surrender the fortresses of Kehl, Freiburg and Breisach on the right bank of the river Rhine, but to retain Strasburg and Alsace. The fortifications and harbour mole at the port of Dunkirk to be demolished. |
(d) |
The Elector of Bavaria, and the Elector-Bishops of Liège and Cologne to be restored to their domains and properties.** |
(e) |
The Protestant succession to the throne in London, on the death of Queen Anne, to be assured. James Stuart, the Pretender James III, to be expelled from France. |
(f) |
Great Britain to retain Minorca, Gibraltar, Newfoundland, Hudson’s Bay, Arcadia (Nova Scotia) and St Kitts. |
(g) |
Holland and Great Britain to receive exclusive access to trade with certain Spanish ports and territories, to the exclusion of the French. |
(h) |
The Kingdom of Prussia (previously Brandenburg) to be recognised, and to receive Upper Guelderland. The Duke of Savoy to be recognised as King of Sicily and to receive a portion of the Milanese. |
Notes
* How such a renunciation of rights to the throne of France could be assured and if necessary enforced is hard to see. There was no legal mechanism for a French Prince of the Blood, whatever other office he may hold, to renounce his claim even if he wished to do so. The Grand Alliance was, in effect, trusting that Louis XIV, Philip V and any heirs to either throne to keep to the bargain they had struck. Events were to prove that they would do so, as Louis XV, when he matured, did not lack heirs of his own.
** In restoring the Elector of Bavaria, the Duke of Marlborough lost the possession of the Principality of Mindleheim that had been given to him after the victory at Blenheim by Emperor Leopold I. Marlborough retained the title of Prince of Mindleheim, however.
The Range of Treaties in Total
The whole series of treaties which brought to an end the War for Spain, generally but over-simply known as ‘the Treaty of Utrecht,’ comprised:
Utrecht
11 April 1713 |
Treaty between France, Great Britain, Holland, Prussia, Portugal and Savoy. |
13 July 1713 |
Treaty between Spain and Great Britain. |
13 August 1713 |
Treaty between Spain and Savoy. |
26 June 1714 |
Treaty between Spain and Holland. |
Rastadt and Baden
6 March/7 September |
|
1714 |
Treaty between France and Austria. |
Madrid
6 February 1715 |
Treaty between Spain and Portugal. |
15 November 1715 |
Barrier Treaty between Holland, France and Austria. |
(N.B. Spain and Austria finally concluded a treaty at The Hague in February 1720).