INDEX
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1911 Revolution
academies. See military academies
agriculture: food supply for troops; lack of arable land for; pastoral nomadism vs.
air force, PLA. See PLAAF (PLA Air Force)
aircraft carriers, PLA
aircraft, stealth
Altan-khan
ammunition. See weapons
An Lushan rebellion: fubing system and; overview of; professional soldiers vs. educated elite
Ancient China: approach to warfare in, defined
Anhui Army: incorporating Western drill; Japanese forces destroy; self-strengthening of
Anhui clique: breakup of Beiyang Army into; rivalry with Zhili clique
Anqing, fall of
Anti-Japanese War (1937)
Anti-Monarchial War
antipiracy
Antisatellite (ASAT) programs
Antiship Cruise Missiles (ASCMs)
antiterrorism
armor, innovations in
Army Aviation Corps
Arrow War (1856–1860): China's single victory in; humiliation of; Western sea power and
arsenals. See weapons
Art of War (Sun Bin bingfa)
Art of War (Sunzi bingfa): as beginning of military thought; ideology of war; overview of
ASAT (Antisatellite) programs
ASCMs (Antiship Cruise Missiles)
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
asymmetric warfare strategy, PLA
atomic weapons. See weapons, atomic
Autumn Harvest Uprising
Bai Chongxi: competency of; defense of Wuhan and
Ban Chao
Ban Gu
bandwagoning pattern, civil wars
banner forces: Chinese Banners, Eight Banners; fall of Ming dynasty and; Ming revolt vs. Qing and; Taiping Rebellion and
Baoding Military Academy
barbarians: adopting personnel/institutions of; northern nomads as; threats posed by. See also northern frontier
Barfield, Thomas J.
Basic Tactics (Mao Zedong)
Battle History of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (Zhong-guo renmin jiefangjun zhanshi)
Battle of Huai Hai
Battle of Pork Chop Hill
Battle of Red Cliff
Battle of Xiang River
Bayan
Beiyang Army: breakup of; creation of; North-South War and
Bilgä khaghan
Board of War, Green Standard Army
Boxer Uprising: humiliation of; overview of; shift in central-provincial relations
braves (yong): emergency recruitment of; transforming Hunan Army with
Bridge Boats
budgets, PLA defense: funding enterprises of; recent developments; recruitment
bureaucratization, Qing military
Burma Road
Burma War, Qing military
canals, military infrastructure
Canton
Cao Cao: military institutions during, stalemate of
Cao Kun: ambition/downfall of; Zhili-Anhui War and
Castro, Fidel
cavalry: Ancient China's approach to; innovations in; military logistics and; military resource of; superiority of nomads in
CCP (Chinese Communist Party): defense vs. Japan; justifying use of force; Long March and; Mao as spokesperson of; peasant support of; Red Army vs. Nationalists and; reforms leading to first United Front; War of Resistance and; Worker and Peasant Revolutionary Army and. See also PLA (People's Liberation Army)
Central Military Academy: education; loss of officers in Anti-Japanese War; poor quality of commanders; Whampoa academy renamed as
Central Military Commission (CMC): Deng Xiaoping and; Mao Zedong and
chariots
Chen Cheng
Chen Jiongming
Chen Sheng
Chen Youliang
Chen Yucheng
Chennault, Claire L.
Chi Haotian
Chiang Kai-shek: anti-warlord campaign of; campaigns against Red Army; political power of; Soviet military research of; Whampoa forces and
Chiang Kai-shek, Sino-Japanese War; attempts at diplomacy; declaration of war; fall of Shanghai; loyalties of troops to; partnering with U.S.; weaknesses of army; Yellow River flood and
China, Ancient: approach to warfare in, defined
China, Imperial. See Imperial China
China, introduction: conscription/ military leadership in; history of armed conflict in; ideology and strategy of; infrastructure of; military role of women; resources of; territory of; war literature tradition of
China proper: civil wars within; defined; military action in
Chinese Banners
Chinese Communist Party. See CCP (Chinese Communist Party)
The Chinese High Command (Whitson)
Chinese Nationalist Party Army Officer Academy. See Whampoa military academy
Chinese People's Volunteers (CPV)
Chinese place names
Chinese Ways in Warfare (Fairbank, Kierman)
Chinggis (Genghis) Khan: Mongol conquest of China; tribal military basis of
Chongqing (Chungking)
Christianity: Boxer Uprising and; Taiping Rebellion and
Chu
Chungking (Chongqing)
civil-military relations: civil functions of Eight Banners army; civilian commanders under Zeng; educated elite and; recent developments in PLA; Tiananmen Square incident and
civil wars; authority of new regimes and; bandwagoning and; coalition weaknesses and; dynastic cycle and; formation of regional states through; gaining support of elite for; influence of geography on; length of; overview of; peasant uprisings and; predatory revolts and; religious beliefs and; state authority and; summary. See also Taiping Rebellion
Cixi, Dowager Empress: marble boat symbolism and; New Policy reforms of; proBoxer policy of
CMC (Central Military Commission): Deng Xiaoping and; Mao Zedong and
coal, as resource
Commentary of Zuo (Zuozhuan)
commissar system
Commission on Science Technology and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND)
Comprehensive Canons (Tongdian)
Comprehensive History of Chinese Military Affairs (Zhongguo junshi tongshi)
Confucianism: civil wars and; doctrines of; ideology of war in; Taiping Rebellion and
conquest dynasties: first; Mongols and
conscription systems: Han; history of; Imperial China; National Army; non-Chinese; recent developments in PLA; revolts against; Tang
Constitutional Protection War
COSTIND (Commission on Science Technology and Industry for National Defense)
CPV (Chinese People's Volunteers)
crossbows
Cultural Revolution: ideology of Long March and; role of PLA in
cyberwarfare
Damansky (Zhenbao Island) clash
defection: civil wars and; Mongol conquests of Bayan and
Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK)
Deng Xiaoping: counterattack vs. Vietnam; leadership of; Paracel Islands campaign; PLA force vs. unarmed civilians and; professionalism of
Divine Strategy Armies
Dou Jiande
DPRK (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
draft systems. See conscription systems
Du Fuwei
Du You
Duan Qirui: rivalry with Feng Guozhang; Zhili-Anhui War and
Duke Li of Wei (Li Jing)
dynastic cycle. See civil wars
dynasties. See individual names
dynasties, conquest: first; Mongols and
Eastern Expedition
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Jin dynasty
education and training: military leadership and; military views of educated elite; Qing army officers and; receiving U.S. military; recent developments in PLA. See also military academies; military leaders
Eight Banners: military system of; overview of; Qing reformations to; reducing civil functions of; self-strengthening of
Eighth Route Army
elite, educated: local activism of; military governors and; support for rebellion of; views on military of
Empress Dowager Cixi: marble boat symbolism and; New Policy reforms of; pro-Boxer policy of
Empress Wu
encyclopedias
Esen-tayiši
Essentials of the Military Classics (Wujing zongyao)
Ever-Triumphant Army
Ever-Victorious Army
Eyuwan base
farmers. See agriculture; peasants
Feng Guozhang: rivalry with Duan Qiri; Zhili-Anhui War and
Feng Yuxiang
feudatory armies
finances. See budgets, PLA defense; funding
Firearms Division
First Atomic Bomb Test Commission
Five Dynasties: central armies of; educated elite during
Flying Tigers
foreign conflicts, since 1949: counterattack vs. Vietnam; Korean War; Nansha (Spratly) Islands; Paracel Islands; Sino-Indian War; summary; Taiwan Strait crisis of 1958; use of force; Zhenbao Island clash
fortifications: effectiveness of ships vs. infrastructure of; symbol of
Four Modernizations
France, Qing war with
fubing system
funding: Anhui Army; effects of warlordism and; Hunan Army; inadequacy of
Fuzhou Navy Yard
Gaozong
Gazetteer of the Maritime Regions (Haiguo tuzhi)
geography: civil wars influenced by; as limitation of war campaigns; overview of China's
germ warfare
Gongsun Shu
Grand Council
Great Britain
Great Wall of China
Green Standard Army: bureaucratization of; military system of; Qing organization of; self-strengthening efforts of; state authority in; Taiping Rebellion and
ground forces, PLA: 1980s modifications; recent developments in
Guangdong
Guangwudi
Guangxi Army
Guevara, Che
Gujin tushu jicheng
Gulf War of 1990–1991: development of PLA and
gunpowder
Guomin geming zhanzheng shi (History of the Nationalist Revolutionary Wars)
Guomindang. See Nationalist Party (Guomindang)
Haiguo tuzhi (Gazetteer of the Maritime Regions)
Han dynasty: educated elite in; ideology of; military institutions in; military leadership in; population size of; rebellion vs. Eastern Han; territories of; weapons/technology in; Xiongnu relations with
Han-Martial, defined
Han shu (History of the Former Han Dynasty)
Han state (fourteenth century), Ming naval warfare vs.
Han Wudi
Heaven. See Mandate of Heaven
heqin (intermarriage) system
Historical Records (Shiji)
History of the Former Han Dynasty (Hanshu)
History of the Nationalist Revolutionary Wars (Guomin geming zhanzheng shi)
History of Warfare in China through the Ages (Zhongguo lidai zhanzheng shi)
Hong Xiuquan: military crisis of; new Nanjing regime of; Taiping Rebellion led by; women in military
horses. See cavalry
Hu Jintao
Hua Guofeng
Huai Hai, Battle of
Huang Chao
Huangshigong Sanlue
Hülegü
human rights, Tiananmen Square and
Hunan Army: self-strengthening of; Taiping Rebellion and; Zeng Guofan's reformations in
Hundred Days Reforms
Huns. See Xiongnu
Ichi-Go offensive
ideology. See Confucianism; Mao Zedong
Imperial China: approach to warfare in; Confucian values in; defined; military leaders in; northern nomads and; peasant uprisings in; western destruction of
imperial commissioners, Qing
India, Sino-Indian War
information warfare
infrastructure, for military; adopting Western technologies; canals; fortifications; National Army problems with
intermarriage (heqin) system
Interpreting China's Grand Strategy: Past, Present, and Future (Swaine, Tellis)
iron, as resource
Jagchid, Sechin
Japan: Anti-Japanese War (1937), piracy and; priority of military in. See also Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895); Sino-Japanese War (1931–1945)
Jiang Zemin
Jiangnan Arsenal
Jin dynasty: civil war of; Eastern Jin dynasty; Mongol conquest of; naval warfare vs. Song; overview of
Jinchuan Wars
Jinggangshan
Jixiao Xinshu (Qi Jiguang)
Joffe, Adolf
Johnston, Alastair Iain
Jurchens: creation of Jin dynasty by; defined; insufficiency of Song army vs.. See also Manchus
Kangxi emperor: Ming revolt vs.; Zunghar Mongols vs.
Karabalgasun
Keegan, John
Khazanov, A. M.
Khrushchev, Nikita
Khubilai Khan: administration of; Mongol conquests of; naval warfare of
Kitan Liao
Kitan regime
Korea: Korean War; naval power of; Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895)
Large Wings, defined
Legalism
Lei Feng
Li Bao
Li Desheng
Li Hongzhang: losing Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895); political power of; strengthening of Anhui army
Li Jing (Duke Li of Wei)
Li Quan
Li Shimin
Li Yuan
Li Yuanhong
Li Zicheng
Li Zongren: competency of; defense of Wuhan and
Lianbing Shiji (Qi Jiguang)
Liao regime
Lin Biao: as challenger to Mao; Cultural Revolution and; as foundation of PLA; ideology of Mao; Mao as soldier; U.S. war in Vietnam and
Lin Zexu
literature, military; Ancient China in; Art of War (Sunzi bingfa); Confucianism; encyclopedias; Huangshigong Sanlue; Jixiao Xinshu and Lianbing Shiji; Mao Zedong; Military Methods (Sun Bin bingfa); overview of; Simafa; Taibai Yinjing (Taibai Yinfu); Taigong Liutao; Tang Taizong Li Weigong Wen-dui; Weiliaozi; Wuzi
Liu Bang
Liu Huaqing
Liu Kunyi
Liu Xiu
Liu Yalou
Local War
Long March; Battle of Xiang River; beginnings of; idealization of; Luding Bridge and; Mao as soldier in; Mao's writings and; Zhang Guotao and; Zunyi Conference and
Lu Rongting: Guangxi Army under; political influence of; Sun Yat-sen and
Lü Shang (Taigong)
Luding Bridge
Luo Ruiqing
macroregions, civil wars and
Madang, fall of
Manchuria: Japanese seizure of; conquest dynasties and; conquest of China
Manchus: authority of; conquest of China; ideals of; military institutions of; Ming naval defense in 1640s vs.; territory of. See also Jurchens
Mandate of Heaven: Confucianism and; defection and; dynastic cycle and; political legitimacy and
Mao Zedong; conscription and; death of; encirclement/ suppression campaigns; Korean War and; Lin Biao's opposition to; Long March and; modernization views of; myth of; overview of; PLA and; political power of military and; Red Army and; as soldier; struggle for army control; summary; Third Line industries and; writings of
marble boat symbolism
Marco Polo Bridge incident
McMahon Line
Medium Wings, defined
Mencius
mercenaries, history of Chinese
military academies: Baoding Military Academy; Central Military Academy; early twentieth century; established by Zhang Zhidong; recent developments in PLA. See also Whampoa military academy
military buildup, foreign reactions to
military institutions; Han; historical interest in; Mongol-Manchu; Tang
military leadership: Eight Banners; Green Standard Army; Han; Hunan Army; Imperial China's; PLA; in predatory forces; recruit armies and; Taiping Rebellion; training/recruitment of; of Zeng Guofan. See also military academies; warlordism
military weaknesses
Military Methods (Sun Bin bingfa)
military writings. See literature, military
Ming dynasty: educated elite of; fall of; hereditary military forces of; Manchuria as part of; military service obligation in; Mongols and; naval operations of; peasant uprisings in; population size of; revolt vs. Qing of; uniqueness of; use of gunpowder; use of non-Chinese military
Ministry of National Defense
Minyue
Mischief Reef
missile research, PLA
Modern China, defined
Mongke: administration of; Mongol conquests of
Mongols: Chinese territory and; ideals of; military institutions during; military institutions of; Ming China and; naval warfare of; northern frontier conquests of; peasant uprisings and; Qing military campaign vs. Zunghar; Yuan China and
morality, Hunan Army
Mulan
Nanjing Massacre, devastation of
Nanjing, Taiping Rebellion and
Nansha (Spratly) Islands incidents
Nanyue, Han naval warfare vs.
National Army (Whampoa–1949); competency of generals; conscription system; doctrine and resources of; financial problems of; new Republic's need for; officer training; rebuilding of; Soviet aid to; supply sources of; war with Japan and; Western view of Sun Yat-sen and
National Defense Mobilization Law
National Defense White Paper
National Protection Army
National Revolutionary Army. See National Army (Whampoa–1949)
National War of Resistance. See Sino-Japanese War (1931–1945)
Nationalist Party (Guomindang): Communists briefly join; conscription during; Long March and; party victory of; PLA mission vs.; Red Army and; War of Resistance and. See also National Army (Whampoa–1949)
natural disasters: peasant uprisings and; Sino-nomadic warfare and
naval warfare, : balance of power and; Battle of Red Cliff and; China's infrastructure for; controlling waterways and; first use of ships; first warships; Green Standard Army; Han dynasty; innovations in; Ming dynasty; modern China's; paddle-wheel warships and; Qing dynasty; seaborne trade and; Song dynasty; Sui dynasty; Tang dynasty. See also PLAN (PLA Navy)
navy, PLA. See PLAN (PLA Navy)
New Army: formation of; loyalty of; role in 1911 Revolution of; uniforms adopted for; warlord armies originating from; Western military model and
New Policy reforms
New Tang History (Xin Tangshu) (Ouyang)
Nie Rongzhen
1911 Revolution
niru commanders, defined
NKPA (North Korean People's Army)
nomads: northern; territory of, See also northern frontier
North Korean People's Army (NKPA)
North-South War
Northern Expedition: Communists join Nationalist Party for; first Whampoa graduates and; Taiping Rebellion and
northern frontier; first conquest dynasties and; Great Wall of China and; Han, Xiongnu and; Ming, Mongols and; Mongol conquest of; nomad threats on; reasons for fighting; Song China, Kitan Liao, Jurchen Jin and; Tang China, Türks, Uighurs and; Yuan dynasty and
Northern Song
Northern Wei
nuclear weapons. See weapons, atomic
Nurhachi: death of; military system of; unification of Manchus and
Ogödei
oil reserves
Operation Leghorn
Opium War
Ouyang Xiu
paddle-wheel warships
Panmunjom talks
Paracel (Xisha) Islands
peasants: fubing system; Mao proposes arming of; military virtues of; non-support for National Army; Red Army and; soldier-farmers and; support of CCP; uprising after Yellow River flood; uprisings; uprisings leading to civil wars; War of Resistance and recruitment of; Worker and Peasant Revolutionary Army and; Zeng Guofan recruits for Hunan Army. See also agriculture
Peking Field Force
Peng Dehuai
People's Liberation Army. See PLA (People's Liberation Army)
People's Republic of China. See PRC (People's Republic of China)
People's War, concept of
Pinxingguan
Pinyin system, Chinese place names
piracy: antipiracy,; naval power and; Qi Jiguang defeats
PLA Air Force. See PLAAF (PLA Air Force)
PLA Navy. See PLAN (PLA Navy)
PLA (People's Liberation Army); civilian leadership of; counterattack vs. Vietnam and; Cultural Revolution and; establishment of; exit from local politics of; funding enterprises of; leadership/problems of 1990s; personnel reduction and doctrine of; political force of; professionalism in; proletariat/ bourgeoisie struggles of; Third Line industries of; Tiananmen Square and; with Soviet Union vs. U.S.
PLA (People's Liberation Army), recent developments; budgets; civil-military relations; demise of Soviet Union and; Gulf War of; reactions to Tiananmen Square; recruitment; strategy; training; weapons acquisitions
PLAAF (PLA Air Force): formation of; modernization of; Rapid Reaction Units and; recent developments in; Taiwan Strait crisis of 1958
PLAN (PLA Navy): early elements of; Nansha Islands incidents; Paracel Islands campaign; Rapid Reaction Units of; recent developments in,; use of force in. See also naval warfare
population, Chinese: advantages/disadvantages of; civil wars and; density of; military resource of; pastoral nomadism and; territorial zones of
Pork Chop Hill, Battle of
Post Office Pinyin, Chinese place names
POW (prisoner of war) issue, Korean War
PRC (People's Republic of China): campaign to seize Paracel Islands; conscription system in; Gulf War of 1990–1991; Nansha Islands incidents; PLA at founding of; technology development in
predatory mode of revolt, civil war
prisoner of war (POW) issue, Korean War
propaganda: civil wars and; Taiwan and
Pyongyang
Qi Jiguang (Lianbing Shiji)
Qi Xiang
Qian Xuesen
Qianlong: Burma War and; Jinchuan Wars and; military control of; Zunghar Mongols and
Qin dynasty: innovations in weapons/ technology; Legalism and; military institutions of; revolt vs.
Qing dynasty: army systems of; educated elite of; establishing; naval power of; non-Chinese military of; state authority in; Taiping Rebellion fells; use of gunpowder in; western sea power and
Qing dynasty, Manchu conquest of China; creating Chinese Banners; Eight Banners; overview of; Three Feudatories Revolt
Qing dynasty, military campaigns; Burma War; Jinchuan Wars; overview of; subduing Zunghar Mongols
Qing dynasty, military organization; bureaucratization; Eight Banners; Green Standard Army
Qing dynasty, transformation of military (1850–1911); adoption of foreign methods; army reforms; military-industrial complexes; new armies of; organization of; overview of; relationship to state; self-strengthening achievements; summary; threats to; weapons
Qing emperors: adoption of foreign methods and; duties of; military control of
Qin Jiwei
Quemoy (Jinmen)
Questions and Replies between Tang Taizong and Duke Li of Wei
Quotations from Chairman Mao
railways: impediments to foreign methods; infrastructure for military
recruitment: of braves; education of military leaders and; Hunan Army; Li Hongzhang's foreign officer; organization of recruit armies; recent developments in PLA. See also conscription system
Red Army: defeat of Chiang Kai-Shek; Long March of; origins of; overview of; War of Resistance vs. Japanese
Red Cliff, Battle of
Red Eyebrows revolt
Red Guards
regionalism thesis
religion: as cause of civil wars; Taiping Rebellion and
Republic of Korea (ROK)
Republican China. See also warlordism, Republican-period
resources, military: coal and oil; horses for cavalry; iron; large population as; National Army and; technological innovations; timber
ROK (Republic of Korea)
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms (San Guo yanyi)
RRUs (Rapid Reaction Units)
San Guo yanyi (The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)
satellites
Science and Civilisation in China (Needham,Yates)
Second Artillery Corps
Second Opium War
Second Zhili-Fengtian War
self-strengthening era: efforts of Chinese; Self-Strengthening Army
Seven Military Classics
Shang dynasty: approach to warfare; military role of women
Shang Yang
Shanghai (1931): army casualties at; fall of; Japanese assault on
Shi Dakai
Shi Zhimei
Shiji (Historical Records)
ships. See naval warfare
Shu
Shui hu zhuan (The Water Margin)
Sima Qian
Simafa (Sima Rangju)
Sino-French War
Sino-Indian War
Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895): Li Hongzhang and; overview of
Sino-Japanese War (1931–1945); CCP/Nationalist armies join ranks in; China unequipped for war with Japan; Chinese military power in; declaration of war; fall of Peiping; fall of Shanghai; fall of Wuhan; fall of Xuzhou, Anqing, and Madang; humiliation of Chinese in; Japanese atrocities; Japanese empire building and; Japanese firepower in; Japanese war vs. Soviet forces (1939); lull in; Nanjing Massacre; origins of; partnering with U.S. and; social impact/importance of; U.S. bombing of Hiroshima/Nagasaki ends; Yellow River flood and. See also Chiang Kai-shek, Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895)
Six Dynasties period
Six Secret Teachings (Taigong)
Sixteen Prefectures of Yan and Yun
Skinner, William G.
Small Wings (warships)
Song dynasty: army systems of; educated elite of; iron for war instruments in; Kitan Liao, Jurchen Jin and; literature on; military obligations in; military writings from; naval warfare in; non-Chinese institutions in; population size in
Southern Song
Soviet Union: 1979 threat of; aid to National Army; alliance with China vs. U.S.; clashes in mid-1960s with; counterattack vs. Vietnam and; demise of; diplomacy of Zeng Jize and; PLA general force readiness vs.; Whampoa military academy and; Zhenbao Island clash with
Spratly (Nansha Islands) incidents
Spring and Autumn era
State Central Military Commission
steamships, infrastructure for
Su Song
submarines
Sui dynasty: armored cavalry in; downfall of; elite support for revolt vs.; military leadership in; naval warfare and; revolt vs.; territory of
Sun Bin bingfa
Sun Yat-sen: abdication of Qing emperor and; creation of National Army; first years at Whampoa and; Soviet aid to; Three Principles of the People ideology; uprisings vs. Yuan Shikai; Western powers view of
Sunzi bingfa. See Art of War (Sunzi bingfa)
Sunzi (Sun Wu). See Art of War (Sunzi bingfa)
Suzhou
Taibai yinjing (Taibai Yinfu)
Taierzhuang
Taigong Liutao
Taiping guangji
Taiping Rebellion; command structure of military; devastation of; fall of Qing dynasty and; high command/ crimes of Hong Xiuquan; ideology of leadership; military dimension of; Northern and Western Expeditions; role of women in; scale of; soldier-farmers and; Zeng Guofan's defeat of
Taiping yulan
Taiwan: fall of Ming dynasty and; power of Qing diplomacy and; Taiwan Strait crisis of 1958; U.S.-Chinese relations and
Tang dynasty: An Lushan rebellion and; armored cavalry in; educated elite during; encyclopedias of; extension of authority; fubing system; literature on military of; military ideology of; military institutions during; military leadership during; military service obligation in; naval warfare in; peasant uprisings and; state authority in; territory of; Türks, Uighurs and
Tang Jiyao
Tang Taizong
Tang Taizong Li Weigong Wendui (Li Jing)
technology: adoption of Western; innovations in; PLA weapons; self-strengthening efforts and
telegraph, infrastructure for
Temüchin. See Chinggis Khan
terrorism: PLA unrestricted warfare strategy of; Sino-Japanese War and
Thagla Ridge
Third Line industries
Three Commanderies
Three Feudatories Revolt
Three Principles of the People ideology (Sun Yat-sen)
Three Strategies of the Duke of Yellow Rock
Tiananmen Square incident: negative international reactions to; overview of
timber, as resource
Tongdian (Comprehensive Canons)
Tower Ships (warships)
trade: China's geography and; Ming policy on overseas; naval warfare and overseas
training. See education and training
Treaty of Friendship, Alliance, and Mutual Assistance
Treaty of Shanyuan
tributary system
Tujue. See Türks
Tuoba Hong (Xiaowendi)
Türks
Twenty-One Demands
Uighurs
UN (United Nations): aggression of North Korea and; battles in Korea of; peacekeeping training and
uniforms: Chinese soldiers and; professionalism of PLA
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. See Soviet Union
United States: Chinese military education from; formalizing relations with China; Gulf War of 1990–1991 and; Korean War and; liberation of Seoul; nuclear weapons of; PLA technology from; reaction to Tiananmen Square; Sino-Indian War and; Taiwan Strait crisis and; Vietnam War and; weapons tests shown to
unrestricted warfare strategy, PLA
USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). See Soviet Union
Vietnam: China counterattacks North; as China's principal antagonist; Nansha Islands incidents; Paracel Islands and
Vietnam War: Soviet Union–Chinese relations; U.S.-Chinese relations
Waldron, Arthur
Wang Chonggu
Wang Mang
Wang Shichong
Wang Zhi
warlordism, Republican-period; 1911 Revolution and; abdication of Qing emperor; Anti-Monarchial War emerges; Beiyang Army and; defining; devastating effects of; end of; local issues and; military governorship and; National Army and; nonuniformity of; north-south differences and; North-South War; origin of; political influence of commanders; political power structure of; precedents for; residual effects of; Second Zhili-Fengtian War; Sun Yat-sen and; Yuan Shikai as father of; Zhili-Anhui War
Warring States era: approach to warfare in; Legalism and; threat of non-Chinese in
warships. See naval warfare
water forces. See naval warfare
The Water Margin (Shui hu zhuan)
weapons: Ancient China's approach to; germ warfare; Imperial China's innovations in; manufacturing of; National Army's dependence on West for; Qing perception of foreign; self-strengthening efforts and; tests
weapons, atomic: exploding of first; Mao's preparations for; Mao's views on; recent developments in PLA; Sino-Japanese War and; U.S. threat of
weapons, PLA build-up of commercial enterprise for funding of; cutting personnel costs for; development of nuclear; recent developments in; use of foreign
Wei
Wei Changhui
Wei Yuan
Weiliaozi
weisuo system, Ming dynasty
Wen Jiabao
West: Chinese military ideology vs.; military model of; Qing perception of; supplying National Army from; threats in modern China from; using foreign officers/ weapons; using military technology of; view toward Sun Yat-sen
Western Expedition
Western Zhou era
Whampoa military academy: founding of; renamed as Central Military Academy; strength of; success of first graduates. See also Central Military Academy; National Army (Wham-poa-1949)
White Lotus
White papers; National Defense White Paper
women, military role of
Worker and Peasant Revolutionary Army
World War II, Sino-Japanese War
Wu: Battle of Red Cliff and; innovations in naval warfare of
Wu, Empress
Wu Peifu: political influence of; Zhili-Anhui War and
Wu Qi (Wuzi)
Wu Sangui
Wu Yuan (Wu Zixu)
Wubeizhi
Wudi
Wuhan; armies defending; Chinese strengths/ weaknesses at; defense of; fall of; Japanese advantages at
Wujing zongyao (Essentials of the Military Classics)
Wusong Railroad
Wuzi (Wu Qi)
Xianbi
Xiang River, Battle of
Xiangyang
Xiao Xian
Xiaowendi (Tuoba Hong)
Xin Tangshu (New Tang History)
Xinjiang
Xiongnu: description of; relations with Han dynasty of
Xisha (Paracel) Islands
Xu Shichang
Xu Shiyou
Xuanzong
Xuzhou
Yang Baibing
Yang Dezhi
Yang Jiechi
Yang Kaihui
Yang Shangkun
Yang Xiuqing
Yangzi Compact
Yangzi River: civil wars and; Mongol conquests and; using timber from
Yellow River flood: overview of; peasant uprisings and
Yellow Turban revolt
yong (braves): emergency recruitment of; transforming Hunan Army with
Yongle emperor
Yongle Encyclopedia (Yongle dadian)
Yongzheng
Yu Yunwen
Yuan: elite support for revolt vs.; overview of; religious beliefs and revolt vs.; use of gunpowder in
Yuan Shikai: abdication of Qing emperor and; Anti-Monarchial War vs.; dictatorship of; Japanese imperialism threatens; new army of; New Policy reforms of; provincial power of
Yuanming Palace
Yue
Yue Zhongqi
Yunnan Army
Yuwen Tai
Zeng Guofan; leadership of; military genius of; Qing army failings and; Qing Army reformations of; self-strengthening efforts of; warlordism and; Western Expedition defeat of
Zeng Jize
Zhang Aiping
Zhang Guotao
Zhang Jue
Zhang Xianzhong
Zhang Zhidong: New Policy reforms under; provincial power and; self-strengthening achievements of
Zhang Zuolin
Zhenbao Island (Damansky) clash
Zheng Chenggong
Zhenzong
Zhili-Anhui War
Zhili clique: breakup of Beiyang Army into; rivalry with Anhui clique; Second Zhili-Fengtian War and
Zhongguo junshi tongshi (Comprehensive History of Chinese Military Affairs)
Zhongguo lidai zhanzheng shi (History of Warfare in China through the Ages)
Zhongguo renmin jiefangjun zhanshi (Battle History of the Chinese People's Liberation Army)
Zhou Enlai: Long March and; military professionalism and; outbreak of Korean War and; as Red Army commissar
Zhou era
Zhou Shengquan
Zhu De: defeat of Chiang Kai-Shek; Mao and; training of Red Army
Zhu Wan
Zhu Yuanzhang: expansionism of; geographical influences on; naval operations of
Zunghar Mongols
Zunyi Conference, Long March
Zuo Zongtang: military-industrial complexes and; use of foreign officers
Zuozhuan (Commentary of Zuo)