Page numbers listed correspond to the print edition of this book. You can use your device’s search function to locate particular terms in the text.
acrobatics, 48
Ah Sin (Twain and Harte), 136–37, 139
Ala’uddin of Miafarakain, 8
alcohol, 33
American Revolution, 63
Analects of Confucius, 171–73
ancestor worship, 34, 36, 42, 88
Andrade, Simão de, 20
Anhui, 180
Anna Christie (O’Neill), 175
Annam, 149–50
Anson, George, xii, xiii, 51–56, 71, 80, 102, 187
Chinese dishonesty decried by, 53–54
on Chinese language, 55–56, 81
Chinese writing criticized by, 55–56
dues-paying refused by, 52
influence and readership of, 56, 92, 98
Argonauts, The (Harte), 137
arts, 55
astrology, 34
astronomy, 36
Atalante, 149
atheism, 88
“At Sword Point” (Segalen), 158–59
Augustine, Saint, 37
Austen, Frank, xiv, 101–2
Austen, Jane, xiv, 101–2
Awakening China (Wittfogel), 208
Aziyadé (Loti), 149
Bacon, Francis, 63, 72, 81–82
Bacon, Roger, 3
banquets, 43, 45, 48
beggars, 116, 202
Bell, John, xiii, 45–51, 58, 59, 61, 79, 80
on Chinese language, 51, 81
tobacco sales noted by, 103
benevolent societies, 138–39
Bernhardt, Sarah, 152
Bierce, Ambrose, 126
Birth of a Nation, 166
Book of Changes, The, 82
Book of Poetry, 169
Book of Songs (Pound), 174
Borges, Jorge Luis, xvii, 226, 232–37
Borodin, Michael, 209
Boxer, Charles, 24
Boxer Uprising, 117, 121, 139, 141, 148, 150, 166, 187
Brecht, Bertolt, xvi, 193, 199, 205, 206, 207
“Bridge, The” (Crane), v, xi
Bridgman, Elijah, 104
Bridgman, Eliza Jane Gillett, xiv, 104–9, 117
attack on boat of, 108–9
Broken Blossoms, xv, 166–68
Bryanton, 73
Buck, John Lossing, 212
Buck, Pearl, xv, 180–83, 187, 200, 212
Buddhism, 34, 35, 208
Hoange on, 88
Bunker, Adelaide Yeates, 123
Bunker, Chang, 123
Bunker, Eng, 123
Bunker, Sarah Ann Yeates, 123
bureaucracy, 33
Burke, Edmund, 56
Burke, Thomas, 167
Burma, 28
California, Chinese in, 123, 126, 133, 141–42
calligraphy, see Chinese writing system
Calvino, Italo, xvii, 226
Calvo, Vasco, 31
Cambodia, 24, 190
Campanella, Thomas, 72
Campbell, Bartley, 137
Candide (Voltaire), 95
Canton, 52, 54, 60, 104, 189
traders at, 102–3
Cantos, The (Pound), 170–71, 173, 177
Cathay (Pound), 169
Catherine II (the Great), Empress of Russia, 56
Catholicism, Catholic Church, xii–xiii, 42, 83
China histories sponsored by, 41
Chinese converts to, 65
Dominicans, 24, 36, 41
Franciscans, 11, 12, 24, 31
Jesuits, 20, 24, 31–33, 35–36, 41, 42, 82, 86, 92, 145
Pinto’s critique of, 28–29
Catz, Rebecca, 29–30
Centurion, 52
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 17
Chavannes, Edouard, 156–57, 163
Cheat, The, 166
Chiang Kai-shek, 188, 190, 191, 192, 198, 199, 203, 204
China:
cult of, 62–66, 74–80, 146
economy of, 210–13, 217
exhaustion ascribed to, 99
exotic views of, xv, xvi, 145–86, 188, 223
foreigners threatened and attacked in, 108–9, 119, 121
generosity in, 122
imitation ascribed to, 40, 55, 99
noninvolvement noted in, 116–17
radical visions of, 187–205
stagnation noted in, 97–98, 99
in twentieth-century fiction, 226–41
utopian views of, 30
“Chinago, The” (London), 142–44
Chinese Emperor, The (Lévi), 223
Chinese immigrants, in Tahiti, 142–44
Chinese immigrants, in U.S., xiv, 122–44, 166
Doyle on, 139–40
Harte on, 123, 126–29, 133, 134–37
London on, 141–42
portrayed as evil, 139–41
Twain on, 123–26, 129–32, 133, 136–37, 138, 139
Chinese language, 33, 81–82, 120
Bell on, 51, 81
Bridgman’s study of, 106–7
Edkins’s study of, 111–12
as first language, 65, 82
"God” in, 34–35
Montesquieu’s study of, 89
Webb’s investigation of, 65, 82
Chinese visitors, in Europe, 85–86
Chinese writing system, 2, 11, 24, 26–27, 55–56, 89, 94
Bridgman’s study of, 106–7
Herder on, 99
Kangxi’s reform of, 89
Montesquieu on, 94
Voltaire on, 98
Chinoiseries, xiii, 62, 75, 79, 80, 110, 146, 229, 235
Ch’in Shih Huang-ti, see Qin Shihuangdi, Emperor of China
Chongqing, 203
chopsticks, 23, 26, 38
Christianity, 72, 85, 87, 95
Chinese sect of, 103–4
Protestantism, xiii, 83, 103–4, 166
see also Catholicism, Catholic Church
chronologies, 235–37
Circus of Dr. Lao, The (Finney), 183–85
Citizen of the World, The (Goldsmith), 75–76, 103, 105, 189, 234
“City at Night, The” (Claudel), 154–55
City of the Sun (Campanella), 72
civil service examinations, 90
Claudel, Paul, xv, 153–56, 157, 160, 188
climate, 93
clothing, 89
of Kangxi, 47
Columbus, Christopher, xi, xii
Polo as read by, 17–18
Comintern, 190, 193, 194, 206, 207, 208–9
communism, 165, 208, 212
in Brecht, 194–98
Wittfogel and, 206–13, 217–18
Communist Party (China), xvi, 195, 198
in Malraux, 188, 190, 191, 193
Snow and, 199–203, 212
Wittfogel and, 217–18
Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government, The, 168, 169
concubines, 17, 34, 202
Condition Humaine, La (Man’s Fate) (Malraux), 188–93, 209
confession, public, 217
Confucianism, 33, 35, 36, 42, 85, 86, 168, 189
Chiang and, 204
Hoange on, 88
Kafka and, 227
Pound’s interest in, 168–74
Weber on, 211
Wittfogel on, 216
Confucius, 33, 82, 86, 88, 100, 174–75
Conger, Laura, 116, 117
Conger, Sarah, xiv, 115–17
“Consolidator, The” (Defoe), 66
Controversias (Navarrete), 37
cormorant fishing, 11, 25–26
courtship, 89
Crane, Hart, v
Critchley, John, 11, 13–14, 16
Cultural Revolution, 222
customs, 94
da Cruz, Gaspar, 24–27, 28, 35, 41, 187
da Gama, Vasco, 19
Dante Alighieri, 17
Dapper, Olfert, 42
Daughter of Heaven, The (La fille du Ciel) (Loti and Gautier), 152–53
Daughters of China (Bridgman), 104
Debussy, Claude, 160
Decline of the West, The (Spengler), 211
Defoe, Daniel, xiii, 66–71, 87, 92, 187
de Gaulle, Charles, 221
de Mille, Cecil B., 166
democracy, 166
Descartes, René, 81–82
Description of the World, The (Travels) (Polo), 1–18, 35, 175, 237
Deserted Village, The (Goldsmith), 75
Desire Under the Elms (O’Neill), 175
despotism, 91, 93–95
dog meat, 29
Dominicans, 24, 36, 41
Doyle, Arthur Conan, 167
Doyle, C. W., 139–40
Dream of the Red Chamber, The (Hung Lou Meng), 233
duck-farming, 26, 28
du Halde, Jean, 56, 74–75
East India Company, British, 103
economy, 210–13, 217
Economy and Society in China (Wittfogel), 209
Edict of Nantes, Revocation of (1685), 83
Edkins, Jane, xiv, 109–14, 117
crowds described by, 110–11
death of, 113
moral doubts of, 111–12
Edkins, Joseph, 109
education and scholarship, 68, 166, 216
Egypt, 148
Eliot, T. S., 168
English, pidgin, 54, 132–33, 135
Enterprise, 123, 132
Essai sur les Moeurs et l’esprit des nations (History of the Manners and Spirit of Nations) (Voltaire), 96–97
Euclid, 32
Evelyn, John, 63, 64, 65, 72
“Excelsior” (Longfellow), 133
fascism, 174
Fenollosa, Ernest, 168–69
Fenzhou, 118, 122
feudalism, 212
Figaro, Le, 149
fille du Ciel, La (The Daughter of Heaven) (Loti and Gautier), 152–53
films, 166–68
Finney, Charles, 183–85
fishing, cormorant, 11, 25–26
Flaubert, Gustave, 147–48
food, 22, 29, 38
banquets and, 43, 45, 48
butchering and, 45
eating habits and, 69
footbinding, 11, 24, 33, 38–39, 49–50, 202
Fraser on, 114–15
Forbidden City, 150, 152, 160, 161, 163
“Forbidden Purple City” (Segalen), 159–60
Four Books, 169
France, 33
exotic perception in, xv, xvi, 145–64, 165, 188, 223
four elements of exotic perception in, 146, 157
Protestants in, 83
theater in, 95–96, 152–54
Franciscans, 11, 12, 24, 31
Fraser, Mary Crawford, 114–15, 117
French Revolution, 63
Frost, Robert, 168
Fuzhou, 20
Galaxy, 129
Gama, Vasco da, 19
gambling, 102
“Garden of Forking Paths, The” (Borges), 226, 232–37
gardens, 62–63, 99
Chinoiserie, 80
Gautier, Judith, 152
Genghis Khan, 8, 95–96, 97
in O’Neill, 176
Genthe, Arnold, 138
geomancy, 89
Geometry (Euclid), 32
George III, King of England, 56, 57
Germany, 232
Germany, East, 207
Gestalt psychology, 208
Gillett (Bridgman), Eliza Jane, see Bridgman, Eliza Jane Gillett
Giquel, Prosper, 146–47
Goa, 20, 32
“God,” Chinese characters for, 34–35
Godwin, Francis, 64
Gold Rush of 1849, 122
Goldsmith, Oliver, xii, xiii-xiv, 72–80, 103, 105, 133, 134, 189, 233–34
background of, 72–73
luxury and virtue discussed by, 77
Goncourt brothers, 149
Good Earth, The (Buck), 180–83
Good Woman of Setzuan, The (Brecht), 207
government, 210–17
Manchu influence on, 90
Marx on, 210–11
Montesquieu’s study of, 90, 91–94
Gozzi, Carlo, 105–6
Great Britain, xiii, 52
China compared with, 71–72
Chinese war with, 103
cult of China in, 62–66, 74–80
Marx on capitalism of, 211
missions of, 51–61
Montesquieu on monarchy of, 91
official embassy sought by, 58
traders from, 102–3
in World War I, 236
Great Wall, 11–12, 46, 71, 214–15
“Great Wall of China, The” (Kafka), 226–32
Griffith, D. W., xv, 166–68
Guomindang, see Nationalists
handicrafts, 39–40
Han dynasty, 216–17
Hankou, 190, 191, 198
Harper’s, 133, 142
Harte, Bret, xiv, 123, 126–29, 133, 134–37
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 138, 210
Herder, Johann Gottfried von, xiv, 56, 99–100, 138, 210
Hieroglyphic Tales (Walpole), 79
History of the Manners and Spirit of Nations (Essai sur les Moeurs et l’esprit des nations) (Voltaire), 96–97
Hitler, Adolf, 207, 212
Hitler-Stalin Pact (1939), 213
Hoange, 88–91, 132–33
homosexuality, 23, 27, 28, 35, 38
prostitution and, 50
Hong Kong, 103, 104
Hu, John, 133
Hung Lou Meng (The Dream of the Red Chamber), 233
Hyde, Thomas, 65, 132–33
Iceman Cometh, The (O’Neill), 175
If on a Winter’s Night a Traveller (Calvino), 237
Ilioni, Antonio, 10
Ilioni, Domenico, 10
Ilioni, Katerina, 10, 104
Imagism, 168
“Imperial Message, An” ("Eine kaiserliche Botschaft") (Kafka), 230–31
India, 103
industrialization, 217
infanticide of girls, 39, 106, 202
Invisible Cities (Calvino), 226, 237–41
irrigation, 211, 214, 215, 217
Ismael of Herat, 8
Italians, Italy, 10–11, 104, 174
Izmailov, Leon Vasilievitch, 44–45, 47, 58
Jacopo de Oliverio, 10
James II, King of England, 65
Japan, 28, 54–55, 203, 212
in Mukden, 197–98
in Shanghai, 198–99
Jesuits, 20, 24, 31–33, 35–36, 41, 42, 82, 86, 92, 145
“Johnny Bear” (Steinbeck), 185
Johnson, Samuel, 56
Journal of the Plague Year (Defoe), 68
Joyce, James, 168
juggling, 48
justice system, 21, 22–23, 88–89, 94, 217
U.S., 126, 131–32, 138, 144n
Kafka, Franz, xvii, 226
“kaiserliche Botschaft, Eine” ("An Imperial Message") (Kafka), 230–31
Kambaluk, 18, 64
see also Peking
Kangxi, Emperor of China, 44, 59, 83, 85, 145, 173
language reforms of, 89
physical description of, 47
Karakorum, xii, 1–2, 7, 13
Kissinger, Henry, xvi–xvii, 218, 219, 220–22, 223
Kneller, Sir Godfrey, 65
Knickerbocker, 133
Korean War, xvi
kowtowing, 42, 43, 47, 58–59, 101, 216
Kublai Khan:
in Calvino, 237–41
in O’Neill, 176–78
Polo and, xi, xii, xvi, 1, 6–7, 8, 12, 17, 221
in Pound, 173
Saianfu besieged by, 6–7
language, see Chinese language; Chinese writing system; pidgin English
Last Days of Peking, The (Loti), 148–49
“Latest Chinese Outrage, The” (Harte), 128
Lawrence, D. H., 168
legal system, see justice system
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, xiv, 56, 82–88, 146, 173, 210
on Chinese religion, 85–87
Europe and China compared by, 84–85
Lenin, V. I., 208
Lévi, Jean, xvii, 222–23
Li Bo, 169
Liddell Hart, B. H., 236
Liebknecht, Karl, 208
logic, 35, 84
London, Jack, 141–42
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 133
“Long March,” 198, 199
Lopez, Robert, 10
Los Angeles riots (1870), 126
Loti, Pierre (Julien Viaud), xv, 148–52, 160, 188
Louis IX, King of France, 1, 3
Louis XIV, King of France, 83, 145
Luxemburg, Rosa, 208
Macao, xii, 19, 32, 102
Macartney, Lord George, xiii, xiv, 56–61, 80, 81, 103, 109, 187, 209
curiosity of, 59–60
English criticized by, 60
gardens described by, 62–63
influence of, 101
kowtowing minimized by, 58–59
on women in China, 102
McCarthyism, 213
Madame Butterfly, 166
Madame Crysanthème (Loti), 149
Madras, 56
Magellan, Ferdinand, 19
Mailla, Joseph de, 169
Mallarmé, Stéphane, 154
Malraux, André, xvi, 188–93, 205, 208, 209
Nixon’s meeting with, 218–19
Manchus (Tartars), 37, 50, 90–91, 97, 114, 160, 187
see also Qing dynasty
Mandeville, Sir John, 12, 27, 28, 70, 71, 81
Man in the Moone, The (Godwin), 64
Man’s Fate (La Condition Humaine) (Malraux), 188–93, 209
Mansfield Park (Austen), xiv, 101
Mao Zedong, 198, 199–200, 201–2, 217–18, 219–20, 223
Kissinger on, 222
Malraux on, 218–19
Marco Millions (O’Neill), 175
mariage de Loti, Le (Loti), 149
marriage, 33
Martini, Father, 41
Marx, Karl, 210–11
Marxism, 206, 208, 212
Massnahme, Die (The Measures Taken) (Brecht), 194, 199, 206
Medhurst, Elisabeth, 104
Medhurst, Sophia, 104
medicine, 2, 36
men, effeminacy of, 50
Mendoza, Juan, 41
Midsummer Night’s Dream, A (Shakespeare), 65
military, 21, 36, 51, 54, 67–68, 84
exams for, 90
see also wars
Milton, John, 64
Ming dynasty, 36, 42, 187
missionary efforts, 36, 42, 83, 92, 103–4, 118, 120, 122, 166
da Cruz on potential for, 24–25
Edkins on, 111–12, 113
Leibniz on, 85
Louis XIV and, 145
Pereira on, 22
of Ricci, 31–32, 34–35
monarchy, 91
money, paper, 2, 12
Möngke, Khan, 1
Mongols, 95–96, 104, 173, 185
monotheism, 82
Montesquieu, Baron de La Brède et de, xii, xiv, 56, 72, 87–95, 98, 116, 138, 146, 210
governments studied by, 90, 91–94
Hoange interviewed by, 88–91, 132–33
Wittfogel’s intellectual affinity with, 213
moral sense, 85, 87, 100, 102
More, Thomas, 72
mores, 94
Mourning Becomes Electra (O’Neill), 175
Mukden, 194, 197–98
Murphy, Arthur, 74–75
music, 26
Mussolini, Benito, 174
Nanjing, 32, 104, 112, 146
as Chiang’s capital, 199
Napoleon I, Emperor of France, 148
Nationalists, 180, 188, 190, 198, 199, 203, 204
Navarrete, Domingo, 36–40, 41, 86, 187
influence of, 98
trade possibilities considered by, 39–40
Nazi party, 212
Netherlands, xiii, 33
official embassies of, 42, 44
Nevada, Chinese in, 123–26, 133
New Atlantis (Bacon), 63, 72
New Life Movement, 204
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 208
night-soil collection, 23, 25, 28
Nixon, Richard M., xvi–xvii, 222, 223
Malraux’s meeting with, 218–19
Novissima Sinica, or Latest News from China (Leibniz), 83, 173
Odoric of Pordenone, 11, 12, 27
Olcutt, Sidney, 166
O’Neill, Eugene, xv, 175–80, 187
opera, 65–66
opium, 102, 103, 124, 138, 146, 155, 167
Opium War, 156
Oriental Despotism (Wittfogel), 207, 213, 214, 215, 217
Orientalism, 148
Orphan of Chao, The, 74–75, 95, 97, 176
Orphelin de la Chine, 95–96
Outline of a Philosophy of the History of Man, The (Herder), 99
Overland Monthly, 128
painting, 36
Panigarola, 32
papacy, official legations of, 42
paper money, 2, 12
Paradise Lost (Milton), 64
Parsloe, Charles T., 136, 137
Partner, The (Campbell), 137
Pauthier, M. G., 169
Peck, Graham, xvi, 203–5
Pegolotti, Balducci, 12
Pegu, 28
Peking, 12, 18, 32, 35, 50, 115–16
as Kambaluk, 18, 64
Loti on, 150–52
Pimentel’s criticism of, 43–44
renamed Beiping, 199
Segalen on, 160–63, 222
Snow in, 199
tobacco sales in, 103
Peng Dehuai, 202–3
Peregrinations (Pinto), 28, 29
Pereira, Galeote, 20–24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 35, 187
Persian Letters, The (Montesquieu), 72, 91
Peter I (the Great), Tsar of Russia, 44, 45, 83
Peter the Tartar, 4
Philippines, xii, 19
Pickford, Mary, 167
pidgin English, 54, 132–33, 135
Pimentel, Francisco, 42–44, 45
Pinto, Mendes, 27–31, 35, 41, 66–67, 81, 187
Pires, Tomé, 31
“Plain Language from Truthful James” (Harte), 126–28, 136
Plato, 86
Polo, Bellela, 4
Polo, Donata, 3–4, 14
Polo, Fantina, 4
Polo, Maffeo (Marco’s brother), 4
Polo, Maffeo (Marco’s uncle), 4, 6, 7, 13, 175, 221
Polo, Marco, xi, xii, xvi, 1–18, 25, 35, 41, 64, 74, 141, 175–78, 221–22
in Calvino, 237–41
Columbus’s reading of, 17–18
daughters of, 4, 15–16
key topics omitted by, 11–12, 26
last will of, 3–4
linguistic knowledge of, 81
manuscripts of, 3, 5
readers’ use of, 16–17
reasons for writing of, 14–16
self-promotion by, 15–16
transcription of, 5–6
Polo, Moreta, 4
Polo, Niccolo, 4, 6, 7, 13, 175, 221–22
population, 23, 93, 210
Portugal, xii, 19–20, 28, 29–30
official embassies of, 42–43, 44
Pound, Ezra, xv, 168–75, 177
Prester John, 18
Price, Charles, 118, 120, 122, 123
Price, Don, 119, 120
Price, Eva Jane, xiv, 118–21
Price, Florence, 120, 121
Price, Stewart, 119
printing, 26
prostitution, 12, 24, 25, 30–31, 35, 50, 155
male, 50
Protestantism, xiii, 83, 103–4, 166
Proust, Marcel, 180
public confession, 217
Public Ledger, 75
Purcell, Henry, 65
Pu-yi, Emperor of China, 160
Qianlong, Emperor of China, 57, 59, 60, 101
Qin dynasty, 214–15, 222, 223
in Lévi’s work, 222–25
Qing dynasty, 36, 42, 55, 57, 60, 103, 104, 121, 146–47, 150, 152
collapse of, 160, 163, 166
Qin Shihuangdi, Emperor of China, 214–15, 222
in Lévi’s work, 222–25
Rashid ad-Din, 12
Red Star Over China (Snow), 200
religion:
ancestor worship and, 34, 36, 42, 88
atheism and, 88
Buddhism, 34, 35, 88, 208
Hoange on, 88–89
monotheism, 82
Montesquieu on, 94
Protestantism, xiii, 83, 103–4, 166
Voltaire on, 98
see also Catholicism, Catholic Church; Confucianism; missionary efforts
René Leys (Segalen), 160–63, 187, 222
republicanism, 91, 92
revolution of 1911, 187
Reynolds, Joshua, 56
Ricci, Matteo, 31–33, 34–35, 41, 42, 50, 86, 187
Chinese monotheism studied by, 82
Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagony, The (Brecht), 94
Robinson Crusoe (Defoe), 66–71, 81
Rohmer, Sax (Arthur S. Ward), 140–41
Romance of Bauduin de Sebourc, Third King of Jerusalem, 17
Roman Greatness and Decline, The (Montesquieu), 91
Rome, ancient, 2
Roy, Maurice, 160
Russia, 83
official embassies of, 42, 44–46
Russian Orthodox church, 44
Rusticello of Pisa, 1, 4–5, 8, 175
Saianfu (Xiangyang), 6, 7, 14
sailors, 57
San Francisco, Calif., 126, 144n, 156
Sauma, Rabban, 12
scholarship and education, 68, 166, 216
sculpture, 163–64
Segalen, Victor, xv, 156–64, 165, 169, 187, 188, 222
Chavannes’s association with, 156–57, 163
Chinese sculpture studied by, 163–64
Sentimental Education (Flaubert), 147–48
sexual practices, 38, 49
concubines and, 17, 34, 202
homosexuality, 23, 27, 28, 35, 38, 50
prostitution, 12, 24, 25, 30–31, 35, 50, 155
Shakespeare, William, 57, 64, 65
Shanghai, 104, 112–13, 154–55, 190, 191, 198, 209
Japanese in, 198–99
sheep, butchering of, 45
Shen Fu-tsung, 65
She Stoops to Conquer (Goldsmith), 75
Siam, 28
“Siamese Twins,” 123
Sima Qian, 216–17, 224, 225
Smith, Adam, 210
Snow, Edgar, xvi, 198–203, 205, 220
Wittfogel’s talks with, 212
Somme, Battle of the, 232, 236
“Song of the Bowmen of Shu” (Pound), 169
Soviet Union, 190, 194, 217
Brecht and Wittfogel on, 207, 209
Spain, xii, 19–20
Sparticism, 208
Spengler, Oswald, 211
Spinozism, 88
Spirit of the Laws, The (Montesquieu), 91
stagnation, 97–98, 99
Stalin, Joseph, 207, 209
Stalinism, 212
Staunton, George, 59, 60
Steinbeck, John, xv, 185–86
Steles (Segalen), 157–60
Sun Yat-sen, 189, 190
Wittfogel on, 209
“Supplication” (Segalen), 157–58
Supreme Court, U.S., 144n
Sze Ping, 108
Tahiti, 142–44, 149
Taiping Rebellion, 112–13, 114, 146–47, 187, 211
Tang dynasty, 168, 169
Taoism:
Hoange on, 88
Kafka and, 227
Tartars (Manchus), 37, 50, 90–91, 97, 114, 160, 187
see also Qing dynasty
tea, 11, 24, 26, 27
Tempest, The (Shakespeare), 57
tentation de l’occident, La (The Temptation of the West) (Malraux), 188–89
theater, 26, 48–49, 74–75, 95, 153, 154, 194, 207
British, 74–75
French, 95–96, 152–54
U.S., 135–37, 139, 152–53, 175–80
Thibaut of Cepoy, 15
Thirty Years War, 33
Thomas, Saint, 37
Threepenny Opera, The (Brecht), 194
Tientsin, 235
time, 235–37
tobacco, 103
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 214
tongs, 138–39
Tordesillas, Treaty of (1492), 19
torture, 21, 27, 39, 216, 217
Tour Thro’ the Whole Island of Great Britain (Defoe), 68
Tratados (Navarrete), 37, 41
Travels (The Description of the World) (Polo), 1–18, 35, 175, 237
Treatise (da Cruz), 24
Trotskyists, 209
Tsingtao, 232
Turandot, Princess of China (Gozzi), 105–6
Twain, Mark, xiv, 123–26, 129–32, 133, 136–37, 138, 139
Two Men of Sandy Bar (Harte), 135–36
United Front of 1925, 208
United States, xiv, xv
China policy of, 218
exotic perception in, 165–86
film in, 166–68
missionaries from, 103
theater in, 135–37, 139, 152–53, 175–80
see also Chinese immigrants, in U.S.
Utopia (More), 72
Van Hoorn, 42
Viaud, Julien (Pierre Loti), xv, 148–52, 160, 188
Vicar of Wakefield, The (Goldsmith), 75
Vietnam, 190
Villon, François, 194
Virginia City, Nev., 123–26
Voltaire, xiv, 56, 95–98, 105, 146, 170, 176, 187, 210
Chinese writing criticized by, 98
unrealized Chinese potential noted by, 97
Walpole, Horace, xiii, 79, 80, 129, 133
“Wan Lee, the Pagan” (Harte), 136
Ward, Arthur S. (Sax Rohmer), 140–41
wars, 103
Boxer Uprising, 117, 121, 139, 141, 148, 150, 166, 187
Korean War, xvi
Opium War, 156
Taiping Rebellion, 112–13, 114, 146–47, 187, 211
Thirty Years War, 33
World War I, 165, 166, 193–94, 211, 232, 235, 236
World War II, 174, 213
Waste Land, The (Eliot), 174
Webb, John, 65, 82
Weber, Max, 208, 211
Whitehead, William, 74
Wilhelm, Richard, 227
William of Rubruck, xii, 1–3
Wittfogel, Karl, xvi, 206–18, 222, 227
arrest of, 212
background of, 207–8
women, xiv, 57
Bridgman’s conversations with, 104–5
concubinage and, 17, 34, 202
and exposure of girls, 39
footbinding and, 11, 24, 33, 38–39, 49–50, 114–15, 202
under Manchus, 91
as observers of China, 101–21
prostitution and, 12, 24, 25, 30–31, 35, 50, 155
seclusion of, 88, 102
Western, in China, 104
World War I, 165, 166, 193–94, 211, 232, 235, 236
World War II, 174, 213
Wren, Christopher, 62
writing system, see Chinese writing system
Xavier, Saint Francis, 28
Xiangyang (Saianfu), 6, 7, 14
Yangzhou, 9, 10–11, 14, 104
Yeats, William Butler, 168
“yellow peril,” 185
Yick Wo v. Hopkins, 144n
Yllioni, Antonio, 10
Yllioni, Domenico, 10
Yllioni, Katerina, 10, 104
Yong Luo, Emperor of China, 19
Yuan dynasty, 74, 95, 104
Yule, Henry, 14
Yung Wing, 123, 139–40