Chronology of Connolly’s Life

1868

June 5: James Connolly is born in Edinburgh, Scotland.

1882

Enlists with the First Battalion King’s Liverpool Regiment and is stationed in Ireland.

1888

Leaves British Army and returns to Scotland.

1890

Marries Lillie Reynolds in Perth. Joins the Socialist League in Edinburgh. Works as a carter for the Edinburgh City Council.

1892

Branch secretary of the Scottish Socialist Federation in Edinburgh.

1893

Contributes “Scottish Notes” to Justice, journal of the Social Democratic Federation.

1894

Stands as a Socialist candidate for the St. Giles Ward in Edinburgh municipal elections.

1896

Founds the Irish Socialist Republican Party (ISRP) in Dublin.

1897

Arrested for leading a demonstration protesting Queen Victoria’s Jubilee in Dublin. Forms Rank and File ’98 Club to commemorate the 1798 Irish Rising.

1898–1903

Editor of the Workers’ Republic, newspaper of the ISRP.

1900

ISRP delegates attend the International Socialist Congress in Paris.

1902

Stands for election in Wood Quay Ward in Dublin municipal elections. Speaking tour in the United States, organized by the Socialist Labor Party (SLP).

1903

Emigrates to the United States and settles in Troy, New York. Works as an insurance collector. Joins the SLP.

1905

Joins the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). Moves to Newark, New Jersey. Works as a machinist in the Singer factory in Elizabeth, New Jersey.

1906

Appointed to the National Executive Committee of the SLP by the New Jersey Section.

1907

Moves to the Bronx, New York. Founds the Irish Socialist Federation in New York. Resigns from the SLP.

1908–10

Editor of The Harp, newspaper of the ISF.

1908

Founds IWW Propaganda League in New York. Joins the Socialist Party of America. Socialism Made Easy published in Chicago. Contributes to the Industrial Union Bulletin.

1909

Addresses IWW May Day rally in New York. Appointed SPA national organizer. Contributes to the International Socialist Review.

1910

Participates in IWW free speech campaign led by William “Big Bill” Haywood in New Castle, Pennsylvania. SPA national speaking tour. Labour, Nationality and Religion published. Returns to Ireland. Joins the Socialist Party of Ireland. Labour in Irish History published. Lillie Connolly and children return to Ireland.

1911

Connolly family moves to Belfast. Connolly appointed Belfast branch secretary and Ulster organizer of the Irish Transport and General Workers’ Union (ITGWU).

1912

Establishes Independent Labor Party of Ireland.

1913

Dublin employer lockout following ITGWU tramway strike. Connolly arrested and sentenced to three months’ imprisonment for addressing a mass rally with Jim Larkin. Begins hunger strike in Mountjoy prison. Irish Citizen Army formed to protect picketing workers.

1914

Organizes against proposal to partition Ireland, and opposes Great War. Commander of the Irish Citizen Army. Appointed ITGWU general secretary following Larkin’s departure for the United States. The Irish Worker, paper of the ITGWU, suppressed.

1915–16

Editor of the Workers’ Republic.

1915

The Re-Conquest of Ireland published.

1916

Joins Military Committee of the Irish Republican Brotherhood, and agrees on date for uprising. Nominated vice president of the Provisional Government of the Irish Republic, and commandant-general of the Dublin Division of the Army of the Irish Republic. Participates in the Easter Rising and is wounded. Court-martialed in Dublin Castle on May 9. Executed by a British Army firing squad on May 12.