BIBLIOGRAPHY

THE LIST BELOW is limited to the basic Japanese texts used for translation and some of the more notable books consulted for commentary to prepare Legends of the Samurai, and to the books in English which either contain partial or complete translations of the tales, chronicles, etc., translated here or otherwise have direct bearing on this book. Poetic anthologies are not listed except for the Man’y Shu. The Japanese section is cross-referenced.

I. IN JAPANESE

ARAI HAKUSEKI. Oritaku Shiba no Ki (Breaking and Burning Firewood). Taion Ki; Oritaku Shiba no Ki; Rangaku Kotohajime. Ed. Odaka Toshir and Matsumura Akira. Iwanami Shoten, 1964. Hakuseki’s autobiography.

Atsumori. Kwakamai: 3. Ed. Araki Shigeru et al. Heibonsha, 1983.

Azuma Kagami (History of the East). Ed. and given in kundoku reading by Kishi Shz. 6 vols. Shin-Jimbutsu rai Sha, 1976-79. This chronicle is originally written in hentai kanbun, bastardized Chinese. Vol. 6 is a glossary of terms, indexes, maps, etc.

Baish Ron (On Plums and Pines). Ed. Yashiro Kazuo and Kami Hiroshi. Shinsen Shich Sha, 1975. An account of the early years of the Ashikaga Shogunate. The title derives from the plum blossom as a metaphor for glory and the pine tree as a metaphor for longevity.

CHIBA TOKUJI. Seppuku no Hanashi. Kdansha, 1972. An informal introduction to the history and custom of disembowelment.

Chsei Seiji Shakai Shis: J. Ed. Ishii Susumu et al. Iwanami Shoten, 1972. A selection of political and social documents from medieval

Japan, among them Asakura Takakage’s “house law” and Hj Sun’s “21 articles.”

Fudoki (Topographical Reports). Ed. Akimoto Kichir. Iwanami Shoten, 1958.

Gikei Ki (The Life of Yoshitsune). Ed. Okami Masao. Iwanami Shoten, 1959.

Heike Monogatari (The Tale of the Heike). Ed. Ichiko Teiji. 2 vols. Shgakukan, 1973-75.

—. Ed. Takagi Ichinosuke et al. 2 vols. Iwanami Shoten, 1959-60.

HIROSE TAKEO. Hirose Takeo Zensh. Ed. Shimada Kinji et al. 2 vols. Kdansha, 1983.

Hgen Monogatari, Heiji Monogatari. Ed. Magazimu Yasuaki and Shimada Isao. Iwanami Shoten, 1961. Narratives of the disturbances of the Hgen and Heiji eras.

INOUE MITSUSADA et al., ed. and comps. Nihon no Rekishi (A History of Japan). 26 vols. Ch Kron Sha, 1967-1973. I am greatly indebted to some of the individual volumes, such as the sixth, Takeuchi Riz’s Bushi no Tj (The Advent of the Samurai).

KAIONJI CHGOR. Bush Retsuden (Biographies of Warrior-commanders). 6 vols. Bungei Shunj, 1975.

—. Shidan to Shiron: J. Kdansha, 1977. A collection of essays on historical writings.

KATSUBE MITAKE, ed. Bushid. Kadokawa Shoten, 1971. The swordsman Yamaoka Tessh’s statements accompanied by Katsu Kaish’s commentary. Includes portions of Nakae Tju’s Okina Mond.

Kinsei Buke Shis. Ed. Ishii Shir. Iwanami Shoten, 1974. Contains all the writings on the forty-seven samurai translated in Legends of the Samurai.

Kodai Seiji Shakai Shis. Ed. Yamagishi Tokuhei et al. Iwanami Shoten, 1979. A selection of writings on political and social matters from ancient Japan, among them Shmon Ki and Mutsu Waki.

Kojiki (Record of Ancient Matters). Kojiki, Norito. Ed. Kurano Kenji and Takeda Ykichi. Iwanami Shoten, 1958.

Kokon Chomon J (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Tales that I’ve Heard). Ed. Nagazumi Yasuaki and Shimada Isao. Iwanami Shoten, 1966.

Konjaku Monogatari Shu (A Collection of Tales of Times Now Past). Ed. Sakamoto Atsuyoshi et al. 4 vols. Shinchsha, 1978-84. The section of “secular tales from Japan.”

—. Ed. Sato Kenz. 2 vols. Kadokawa Shoten, 1954-55. The section of “secular tales from Japan.”

—. Ed. Yamada Yoshio et al. 5 vols. Iwanami Shoten, 1959-63. Complete.

Kwakamai. Ed. Araki Shigeru et al. 3 vols. Heibonsha. 1979-1983. Vol. 3 includes Atsumori.

Ky Gunkan (A Military History of the Great Men of Kai). Ed. and tr. into modern Japanese by Yoshida Yutaka. Tokuma Shoten, 1971. Excerpts.

KUWATA TADACHIKA. Chosaku Shu (Collected Works). 10 vols. Akita Shoten, 1979-80. Accounts of warlords, tea masters, women, etc., during Japan’s “age of warring states.”

—. Nihon Bush Retsuden (Biographies of Japanese Warrior-commanders). 5 vols. Akita Soten, 1971. Man’y Shu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves). Ed. Kojima Noriyuki et al. 4 vols. Shgakukan, 1971-75.

—. Ed. Takagi Ichinosuke et al. 4 vols. Iwanami Shoten, 1957-62.

MATSUNAGA TEITOKU. Taion Ki (Record of the People to Whom I Am Greatly Indebted). Taion Ki; Oritaku Shiba no Ki; Rangaku Kotohajime. Ed. Odaka Toshir and Matsumura Akira. Iwanami Shoten, 1964. Teitoku’s literary autobiography.

MIYAMOTO MUSASHI. Gorin no Sho (The Book of Five Elements). Ed. and tr. into modern Japanese by Kameda Shigeo. Kdansha, 1986.

—. Ed. Watanabe Ichiro. Iwanami Shoten, 1985.

MORI GAI. Abe Ichizoku (The Abe Family). Mori gai Sh. Ed. Karaki Junz. Chikuma Shob, 1965.

MOROHASHI TETSUJI. Rshi no Kgi (Lectures on Lao Tzu). Daishkan, 1973.

MURASAKI SHIKIBU. Murasaki Shikibu Nikki (Diary). Makura no Sshi, Murasaki Shikibu Nikki. Ed. Ikeda Kikan et al. Iwanami Shoten, 1958.

Mutsu Waki (The Story of Mutsu). See Kodai Seiji Shakai Shis.

Nihon Shoki (History of Japan). Ed. Sakamoto Tar et al. 2 vols. Iwanami Shoten, 1965-67.

OTA GYUICHI. Shinch-k Ki (Biography of Lord Nobunaga). Ed. Okuno Takahiro and Iwasawa Yoshihiko. Kadokawa Shoten, 1969.

Oze Hoan. Shinch Ki (Biography of Nobunaga). 2 vols. Ed. Kangri Amane. Gendai Shich Sha, 1981. This edition contains mura Yko’s Sken-in Dono Tsuizen Ki (Record in Memorial to Lord Sken-in).

RAI SAN’YO. Nihon Gaishi (An Unofficial History of Japan). Ed. and given in yomikudashi by Rai Seiichi and Rai Tsutomu. 3 vols. Iwanami Shoten, 1976-78.

Rongo (Confucian Analects). Ed. Yoshida Kenk. Meiji Shoin, 1982.

Rshi (Lao Tzu). Rshi, Sshi (Lao Tzu, Chuang Tzu). Ed. Abe Yoshio et al. Meiji Shoin, 1966.

SEI SHNAGON. Makura no Sshi (The Pillow Book). Makura no Sshi, Murasaki Shikibu Nikki. Ed. Ikeda Kikan et al. Iwanami Shoten, 1958).

—. Makura no Sshi. Ed. Ishida Jji. Kadokawa Shoten, 1980.

—. Makura no Sshi. Ed. Kawase Kazuma. Kdansha, 1987.

SHIBA RYTAR. Junshi. Bungei Shunju, 1978. A popular writer’s affectionate portrait of General Nogi Maresuke.

SHIBASEN (Ssu-ma Ch’ien). Shiki Retsuden (Records of the Grand Historian: Biographies). Ed. and tr. into Japanese by Ogawa Tamaki et al. 5 vols. Iwanami Shoten, 1975.

Shmon Ki (Biography of Masakado). Ed. and tr. into modern Japanese by Kajiwara Masaaki. 2 vols. Heibonsha, 1975-76.

Soga Monogatari (The Tale of the Soga Brothers). Ed. Ichiko Teiji and shima Tatehiko. Iwanami Shoten, 1966.

Sonshi (Sun Tzu). Sonshi, Goshi. Ed. and tr. into Japanese by Amano Shizuo. Meiji Shoin, 1972. “The Art of War.”

—. Sonshi, Goshi. Ed. and tr. into Japanese by Yamai Waku (Shue-isha,1971).

Sshi (Chuang Tzu). Rshi, Sshi (Lao Tzu, Chuang Tzu) and Sshi (Chuang Tzu). Ed. Abe Yoshio et al. Meiji Shoin, 1966.

—. Ed. and tr. into Japanese by Mori Mikisabur. 3 vols. Cho Kron Sha, 1974.

Shunju Sa-shi Den (Tso Chuan). Ed. and tr. into Japanese by Kamata Tadashi. 4 vols. Meiji Shoin, 1971-81.

—. Tr. into Japanese by Takeuchi Teruo. Heibonsha, 1972.

Taiheiki (Chronicle of Great Peace). Ed. Got Tanji and Kamada Kisabur. 3 vols. Iwanami Shoten, 1960-62.

TAKAHASHI TOMIO. Bushid no Rekishi (History of Bushid). 3 vols. Jinbutsu rai Sha, 1986.

—. Yoshitsune Densetsu (Legends of Yoshitsune). Ch Kron Sha, 1966.

Uji Shi Monogatari (Tales Gleaned from Uji). Ed. Watanabe Tsunaya and Nishio Kichi. Iwanami Shoten, 1960.

WATANABE JUN’ICHI. Shijima no Koe. 2 vols. Bungei Shunju, 1988. A biography of Nogi Maresuke.

YAMAMOTO TSUNETOMO, Hagakure (Hidden in Leaves). Mikawa Monogatari, Hagakure. Ed. Saiki Kazuma et al. Iwanami Shoten, 1974.

II. IN ENGLISH

BOWRING, RICHARD JOHN. Mori Ogai and the Modernization of Japanese Culture. Cambridge Univ. Press, 1982.

BRANDON, JAMES R., ed. Chshingura: Studies in Kabuki and the Puppet Theater. Univ. of Hawaii Press, 1982. Includes a translation of a puppet-theater version of the forty-seven samurai.

CLAUSEWITZ, CARL VON. On War. Penguin, 1968. Col. J. J. Graham’s translation.

CLAVELL, JAMES, tr. Sun Tzu: The Art of War. Delacorte Press, 1983. Retranslation of Lionel Giles’s translation, published in 1910.

COGAN, THOMAS, JR., tr. The Tale of the Soga Brothers. Univ. of Tokyo Press, 1987. The most famous vendetta before the forty-seven samurai.

COOPER, MICHAEL, compiled and annotated. They Came to Japan: An Anthology of European Reports on Japan, 1543-1640. Univ. of California Press, 1965. Lively contemporary accounts of customs, castles, people, etc., of the period covered.

DALBY, LIZA CRIHFIELD. Kimono: Fashioning Culture. Yale University Press, 1993.

DILWORTH, DAVID, and RIMER, J. THOMAS, tr. The Incident at Sakai and Other Stories by Mori Ogai. Univ. of Hawaii Press, 1977. Includes a translation of “The Abe Family.”

—. Saiki Ki and Other Stories by Mori Ogai. Univ. of Hawaii Press, 1977.

FRIDAY, KARL F. Hired Swords: The Rise of Private Warrior Power in Early Japan. Stanford Univ. Press, 1992.

GRIFFITH, SAMUEL B., tr. Sun Tzu: The Art of War. Oxford Univ. Press, 1963. A U.S. brigadier general’s translation of the famous Chinese tract.

KEEGAN, JOHN. A History of Warfare. Alfred Knopf, 1993. The famed British military historian points to the samurai as one of at least four notable warrior classes that have demonstrated the falsity of Clausewitz’s well-known definition of war: “War is a mere continuation of policy by other means.” The other three are the Polynesians of Easter Island, the Zulus, and the Mamelukes.

KEENE, DONALD, tr. Chshingura: The Treasury of Loyal Retainers. Columbia Univ. Press, 1971. A translation of a puppet play based on the vendetta of the forty-seven samurai.

KITAWAGA, HIROSHI, AND TSUCHIDA, BRUCE T., tr. The Tale of the Heike. 2 vols. Univ. of Tokyo Press, 1975.

LIFTON, ROBERT JAY, et al. Six Lives / Six Deaths: Portraits from Modern Japan. Yale Univ. Pres, 1979. Includes savagely simplistic biographies of General Nogi Maresuke, Mori Ogai, and Mishima Yukio.

MCCULLOUGH, HELEN CRAIG, tr. The Taikeiki. Columbia Univ. Press, 1959; reprint by Greenwood Press, 1976. The first twelve chapters of the Taiheiki.

—, tr. The Tale of the Heike. Stanford Univ. Press, 1988.

—, tr. Yoshitsune. Stanford Univ. Press, 1971. A translation of Gikei Ki, a 15th-century account of Minamoto no Yoshitsune.

MILLS, D. E., tr. Uji Shi Monogatari. A Collection of Tales from Uji. Cambridge Univ. Press, 1970.

MINEAR, RICHARD H., tr. Requiem for Battleship Yamato. Univ. of Washington Press, 1985. A translation of Yoshida Mitsuru’s Senkan Yamato no Saigo, an account of the sinking of the largest battleship ever built. Yoshida was an ensign on board when the ship was sunk.

MORRIS, IVAN. The Nobility of Failure: Tragic Heroes in the History of Japan. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975. A great account of nine mythological and historical figures and one group, the Kamikaze fighters, who have left an imprint on the Japanese psyche because they failed.

—, tr. The Pillow Book of Sei Shnagon. 2 vols. Columbia Univ. Press, 1967. Translation of Makura no Sshi with extended commentary and notes.

MURPHY, VINCENT, tr. Build the Musashi: The Birth and Death of the World’s Greatest Battleship. Kodansha International, 1991. Translation of Senkan Musashi, an account of the Yamato’s twin battleship written by Yoshimura Akira.

NITOBE, INAZO. Bushid, The Soul of Japan. Now reprinted in Bushido: The Warrior’s Code. Ohara Publications, 1979. The most famous account of bushid by a Japanese versed in Western traditions.

PHILIPPI, DONALD L., tr. Kojiki. Princeton Univ. Press & Univ. of Tokyo Press, 1969. The most authentic English translation of the Kojiki.

POUND, EZRA, tr. Confucius. New Directions, 1969.

RABINOVITCH, JUDITH N., tr. Shmonki: The Story of Masakado’s Rebellion. Sophia Univ., 1986. The rise and fall of Taira no Masakado.

REISCHAUER, EDWIN O., and YAMAGIWA, JOSEPH K., tr. Translations from Early Japanese Literature. Harvard Univ. Press, 1951. Includes a partial translation of Heiji Monogatari (The Tale of the Heiji Era).

RIMER, J. THOMAS. Mori Ogai. Twayne Publishers, 1975.

ROSS, BILL D. IWO Jima: Legacy of Valor. New York: The Vanguard Press, 1985.

RUCH, BARBARA. “Akashi no Kakuichi.” Journal of the Association of Teachers of Japanese, Vol. 24, No. 1 (April 1990), pp. 35-48. A description of a minstrel who gave the final shape to the Heike Monogatari. Included in Yamamura’s Cambridge History, for which see below.

SANSOM, GEORGE. A History of Japan. 3 vols. The Cresset Press, 1959; later imprint, Stanford Univ. Press. Old-fashioned and superbly entertaining history of Japan up to the middle of the nineteenth century.

SATO, HIROAKI, tr. The Sword & the Mind. The Overlook Press, 1984. Translations of Yagy Munenori’s tract on swordsmanship, Heih Kaden Sho, and excerpts from Takuan’s writings on Zen and swordsmanship.

SATO, HIROAKI, and WATSON, BURTON, tr. From the Country of Eight Islands: An Anthology of Japanese Poetry. Doubleday, 1981; reissued by Columbia Univ. Press, 1986.

SATOW, ERNEST MASON. A Diplomat in Japan. Seeley, Service & Co. Limited, London, 1921. An excellent book. The subtitle says it all: “The Inner History of the Critical Years in the Evolution of Japan When the Ports were Opened and the Monarchy Restored, Recorded by a Diplomatist who Took an Active Part in the Events of the Time, with an Account of his Personal Experiences during that Period.”

TURNBULL, S. R. The Samurai: A Military History. George Philip, 1977.

TYLER, ROYALL, tr. Japanese Tales. Pantheon Books, 1987. An extensive selection of tales from a range of collections, including the Konjaku Monogatari Shu.

URY, MARIAN, tr. Tales of Times Now Past. Univ. of California Press, 1979. A selection of 62 stories from the Konjaku Monogatari Shu.

URY, MARIAN, and BORGEN, ROBERT, tr. Kojiki: From Book II, “The Yamato hero: The Story of Yamato-takeru, son of Emperor Keik.” Journal of the Association of Teachers of Japanese, Vol. 24, No. 1 (April 1990), pp. 89-97. Part of the “Readable Japanese Mythology” series.

WASHBURN, STANLEY. Nogi. Andrew Melrose, 1913. An American journalist’s portrait of General Nogi Maresuke during the Russo-Japanese War.

WATSON, BURTON, tr. The Complete Works of Chuang Tzu. Columbia Univ. Press, 1968.

—, tr. Meng Ch’iu: Famous Episodes from Chinese History and Legend. Kodansha International, 1979.

—, tr. Records of the Grand Historian of China. 2 vols. Columbia Univ. Press, 1961. Translations from the Shih Chi of Ssu-ma Ch’ien.

—, tr. The Tso Chuan: Selections from China’s Oldest Narrative History. Columbia Univ. Press, 1989.

WILSON, WILLIAM R., tr. Hgen monogatari: Tale of the Disorder of in Hgen. Sophia Univ., 1971.

WILSON, WILLIAM SCOTT, tr. Hagakure: The Book of the Samurai. Kodansha International, 1979. Excerpts from Yamamoto Tsunetomo’s tract.

YAMAMURA, KOZO, ed. The Cambridge History of Japan: Vol. 3, Medieval Japan (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1990). Covers the Kamakura and Muromachi periods.