Index

• 2001: A Space Odyssey, 90, 116–117

• 3D
  • animation, 137, 175–177, 181, 208, 210
  • games, 22, 25, 190
  • models, 64, 129, 135, 161–164, 181, 183, 202–203, 214, 225, 229–230, 232
  • scans, 148, 151, 182, 208, 231
  • software, 59, 161, 183, 192
  • stereo (see Stereoscopic 3D [S3D])
  • volumes, 74, 177–179, 183–184, 194, 198, 201

• Adams, Ansel, 232
• Adobe Photoshop, 224, 263n49
• Adorno, Theodor, 10–11
• Agamben, Georgio, 16, 109–110, 138–139
• Ahmed, Faig, 238–239
• AI. See Artificial intelligence (AI)
• Akten, Memo, 175–176
• Algorithmic
  • literacy, 47, 51, 54, 82–83, 100, 144, 183
  • racism, 145–147
• Alphas, 61
• Amazon
  • Echo, 255n28
  • Mechanical Turk, 66, 72, 81
• Andersen, Thom, 31
• Anderson, Chris, 9
• Anthropocene, 2
• Arnall, Timo, 164–165
• ARPANET, 116–117
• Artificial intelligence (AI), 44, 68, 80, 89, 92, 94, 117–118, 121, 192, 256n34
• Aspen Movie Map, 213–215, 222
• Augmented reality (AR), 25, 181, 261n25

• Babbage, Charles, 27, 28
• Bazin, André, 22
• Bertillon, Alphonse, 33–36, 108
• Bertillon card, 23–24
• Biometrics, 12, 24, 35, 53, 109–111, 137, 141–143, 144–145, 148
• Boelstorff, Tom, 245n39
• Bogost, Ian, 46–47
• Bolas, Mark, 204–205
• Bookchin, Natalie, 83–85
• Boorstin, Daniel, 55
• Bowker, Geoffrey, 8
• Braitenberg, Valentino, 95–96
• Bratton, Benjamin H., 18–19, 80, 237
• Brecht, Bertolt, 152, 258n73
• Bridle, James, 238–239
• Brown, Wendy, 14–16
• Browne, Simone, 143–144
• Bullet time, 183–184
• Bunz, Mercedes, 92–93
• Busa, Roberto, 57
• Byrne, David, 52–54

• Cameron, James, 177–178
• Capitalism
  • critique of, 21, 79, 84, 165–166, 237
  • late, 15–16
• Cave automatic virtual environment (CAVE), 198–199
• Cegłowski, Maciej, 9–10
• Chun, Wendy Hui Kyong, 17–18, 85–86, 132, 135, 246n16, 254n17
• Cincera, Raduz, 220
• Cinematic humanities, 57
• Cinematography, 22, 25, 147, 177, 190
• Cloud computing, 127–128, 152, 164–165
• Colossus: The Forbin Project, 116–122
• Comolli, Jean-Louis, 77–78
• Computational
  • literacy (see Digital, literacy)
  • turn, 7, 38, 55, 71, 105, 133
• Computer vision, 46, 87, 89–90, 93, 134, 144–145, 149. See also Machine vision
• Convergence, 6, 22–23, 196, 235
• Crary, Jonathan, 38, 196, 236
• Crawford, Kate, 13
• Crying of Lot 49, The, 124
• Cubitt, Sean, 18, 41, 237–238
• Cultural analytics, 67–75
• Cyberpunk, 19, 189–190, 234

• Daniel, Sharon, 163
• Danto, Arthur, 40, 115
• Dark Knight, The, 128–130
• Data
  • big, 8–9, 13, 51
  • effect, 11–12
  • epistemology, 103–104, 107
  • mining, 11–12, 17, 51, 72, 113–114, 132 (see also Data, tracking)
  • politics of, 6–9
  • processing, 8, 10, 17, 61
  • records versus traces, 106–108
  • sensors, 7–8, 60–61, 79–81, 132–133, 178, 180–181, 191
  • storage, 106–107, 115, 152, 164–165, 253n4
  • totalizing logic of, 10–11, 128, 160, 217–218, 221, 226, 229, 233
  • tracking, 7, 13–15, 51, 73, 78, 108–109, 113–114, 128, 138, 196
  • versus metadata, 107–109, 129–130, 191–192
  • visualization, 11, 52, 55, 58–62, 66–67, 82, 104
• Dataveillance, 130–133. See also Surveillance, computational
• Davies, Char, 201, 261n28
• de Fren, Allison, 255n22
• de la Peña, Nonny, 201–205
• Demon Seed, 121–122
• Digital
  • frenzy of the, 10, 125–127
  • humanities, 57–58
  • imaging, 190–191
  • literacy, 3, 45, 47, 51, 58, 180–181, 183, 224
  • materiality, 151–152, 156–166, 237–240
• DIKW pyramid, 8
• Drones, 110, 178–179
• Drucker, Johanna, 9
• Dunne, Anthony, 235

• Eames, Charles and Ray, 57, 58, 65, 69–70, 219–220
• Elahi, Hasan, 142
• Electromagnetic spectrum, 4, 60–61, 185, 233
• Environmental impact of computing, 37, 60, 237–238
• Expo ’67, 220

• Facebook, 80, 113, 126, 132, 196, 204, 244
  • DeepFace, 134
  • Instagram, 72–75, 81
  • Oculus, 196, 199, 204
• Face detection, 131, 139, 142–143
• Facial
  • capture, 137, 175
  • recognition, 24, 72–73, 131–132, 134–137, 139–142, 144, 149
• Fisher, Scott, 192–194, 204
• Foster, Hal, 202
• Foucault, Michel, 13, 16, 19, 137–139, 143
• FOV2GO, 204–205
• FoxTrax, 169–170, 172
• Friedberg, Anne, 20, 27
• Frost, James, 179–180
• Fujihata, Masaki, 226–229
• Futurelab, 178–179

• Gabrys, Jennifer, 237
• Gallup polls, 50–51
• Galton, Francis, 33–35, 72
• Gates, Kelly, 109
• Geertz, Clifford, 13
• Gerrard, John, 161–164
• Gibson, William, 190, 201, 238
• Gitelman, Lisa, 7–9, 11, 20, 55–56
• Glow puck. See FoxTrax
• Godard, Jean-Luc, 17
• Golumbia, David, 87–89
• Google, 80, 130–132, 160–163, 233, 238–239, 240
  • Big Picture, 65
  • Brain, 90–95
  • Cardboard, 204–205
  • Deep Dream, 93–95
  • Deep Learning, 46
  • Earth, 183, 215, 221, 225–227, 229, 238
  • Glass, 113
  • Home, 255n28
  • Instant, 145
  • Maps, 158, 223
  • Ngram Viewer, 8–9
  • Photos, 134–135, 144
  • Photos Assistant, 132
  • SketchUp, 183
  • Street View, 132, 164, 214, 221–225, 263n51
  • Tango, 181, 256n35, 260n7
  • Trekker, 221–222
  • Unsupervised Learning, 90–95
  • YouTube, 80, 92
• Gregory, Sam, 209
• Gremmler, Tobias, 175–176
• Grosser, Benjamin, 86, 89–90, 102, 141, 251n85

• Hall, Stuart, 25–26
• Haraway, Donna, 79–80
• Harvey, Adam, 139–141
• Harvey, David, 14
• Hayles, Katherine, 29
• Head-mounted display (HMD), 171, 196–198, 204
• Hegel, Georg W. F., 10–11
• Historiography, 13, 21, 26, 35, 38, 115, 196, 218, 235
• Hollerith machine, 35–36
• Homeland Security, Department of (DHS), 110–111
• Hu, Tung-Hui, 128, 152, 259n2
• Huhtamo, Erkki, 214–215
• Human
  • computation, 29, 35, 46
  • vision, 80–82, 84, 86, 89, 230
• Hypercinema, 10

• IBM, 57, 64–65
  • Let’s Build a Smarter Planet
  • Many Eyes, 64
  • RAMAC, 219–220
  • SAGE, 117
• Images
  • computational, 4–7, 10, 223–226, 237
  • photochemical, 30, 98, 143, 145–146, 232
• Immersive journalism, 201–204, 208
• Inception, 93
• Instagram. See Facebook, Instagram
• Instagram Cities, 73–75
• International Business Machines. See IBM
• Internet Archive, 114, 255n19
• Invisible light, 185, 188. See also Electromagnetic spectrum
• Ippolito, Jon, 133
• Iwata, Hiroo, 199

• Jacquard, Joseph Marie, 27–28, 29
• Jarman, Derek, 211–212
• Jockers, Matthew, 55

• Kinkade, Thomas, 42–43, 45
• Kirby, Lynn, 171
• Koblin, Aaron, 62–63, 66, 179–180, 248n46
• Komar and Melamid, 39–44, 51
• Krauss, Rosalind, 147–148

• Laurel, Brenda, 192
• LeWitt, Sol, 98
• LIDAR, 179–180, 229–230
• Limit telephotography, 156–157
• Losh, Elizabeth, 72
• Lovatt, Anna, 252n103
• Lucy, 61

• Machine vision, 71, 77, 80–89, 92, 132, 149, 156, 230. See also Computer vision
• Manaugh, Geoff, 230
• Manovich, Lev, 67–74
• Marclay, Christian, 87–89, 251n83
• Marey, Etienne-Jules, 24, 30–33, 245n38
• Marks, Laura, 160
• McCoy, Jennifer and Kevin, 83
• McPherson, Tara, 57, 144
• Mechanical Turk. See Amazon, Mechanical Turk
• Media archaeology, 19–20
• Metadata, 12, 25, 73, 107–110, 114–115, 119, 129, 135, 191–192, 254n8
• Microsoft
  • Bing, 158
  • Hololens, 181
  • Kinect, 180–181, 183
  • Photosynth, 181–183
  • PowerPoint, 52–54
  • Xbox, 180, 255
• Milk, Chris, 62, 200–201
• Mixed reality (MR), 204, 261n25
• Mobile phones
  • destruction of, 78, 189
  • as sensors, 72, 118, 128–130, 135, 199, 234, 256n34
• Moretti, Franco, 55–56
• Morriset, Vincent, 205–207
• Motion
  • capture, 22, 24, 175–177, 181, 214, 234
  • control, 172–175
• Mumford, Lewis, 106–107
• Murray, Janet, 10–11
• Muybridge, Eadweard, 24, 30–31, 184, 232

• Naimark, Michael, 213–217
• Nakamura, Lisa, 143
• National Security Agency (NSA), 107, 110–111, 129–130, 152–153, 158, 161, 255n19
  • Prism, 114–115, 119, 133
• Negroponte, Nicholas, 4, 189, 250n68
• Neoliberalism, 14–18, 51, 109, 143, 199–200, 240
• Netflix, 45–51
• New Aesthetic, 238–240
• New media, 18–20
• New York Times
  • and data visualization, 62, 64
  • and virtual reality, 204–205
• Nordberg, Johan, 93–94
• Norfolk, Simon, 164–165
• Notes on Blindness: Into Darkness, 210–213

• Oculus. See Facebook, Oculus
• Ohmer, Susan, 50
• O’Neill, Pat, 172–175
• Operation TIPS, 113–114, 126, 254n18

• Paglen, Trevor, 151–161
• Panopticism, 138, 143, 166
• Parallax modes, 19–27
• Parks, Lisa, 265n4
• PATRIOT Act, 111, 203
• Phenakistoscope, 27–28, 38
• Photogrammetry, 181–183, 214–215, 225–226, 234
• Photography, 1–2, 30, 156
• Physiognomy, 34, 53, 247n27
• Point clouds, 59, 179–184, 230–232
• President’s Analyst, The, 124–125
• Prism. See National Security Agency (NSA), Prism
• Privacy Protection Study Commission, 123–124
• Process (art series), 97–102
• Processing (software), 62–64, 96
• Pugliese, Joseph, 144–145

• Quayola, Davide, 175–176

• Raby, Fiona, 235
• Ragona, Melissa, 66–67
• Realism, 22–23, 165, 200–202
• Reas, Casey, 26, 86, 95–103, 252n102
• Rockford Files, The, 122–124
• Rokeby, David, 148–151
• Rosler, Martha, 148
• Roth, Lorna, 146–147

• S3D. See Stereoscopic 3D (S3D)
• Salavon, Jason, 75–77
• ScanLAB, 229–232
• Schivelbusch, Wolfgang, 171
• Schoolman, Carlota Fay, 49–50
• Schwartz, Tim, 62
• Sekula, Allan, 11, 14, 154–156
• Selfie, 12, 73
• Selfie City, 71–73, 75
• Serra, Richard, 49–50
• Sester, Marie, 149–151
• Signal to Noise (software engine), 99–103
• Snowden, Edward, 108, 119, 153, 158
• Social media, 14, 113, 196
• Software studies, 3, 67–69
• Sontag, Susan, 1–2
• Space
  • instrumented, 177–179, 190, 199–200, 234
  • volumetric, 192–194
• Speculative history, 235–236
• Spigel, Lynn, 125–126
• Starosielski, Nicole, 265n4
• State of exception, 106, 109, 129–130
• Stereoscopic 3D (S3D), 181, 193, 198–199, 201, 204
• Sterling, Bruce, 240
• Sterne, Jonathan, 237
• Strain, Ellen, 195–196
• Supercuts, 82–83
• Surveillance, 110, 113–114, 143
  • computational, 105, 114–115, 132–133, 136–138, 144, 149, 151, 166–167
  • counter, 142, 153, 156–159
• Surveillance, self
  • and cloud computing, 128
  • and domestic electronics, 126, 255n28
  • and mobile phones, 126–127

• Telegraphy, 28–30, 185–186
• Telepresence, 192–194, 196
• Television, 49–51, 55, 100, 103, 113, 125–126, 185–187, 189–190
  • cinematic critique of, 186
• Terminal Time, 44–45
• Thorpe, Jer, 62, 64
• Tor browser, 17, 142
• Tufte, Edward, 52–54
• Turner, Fred, 218–221

• UCLA Institute for Pure and Applied Mathematics (IPAM), 68, 250n76
• Uricchio, William, 181–183

• Väliaho, Pasi, 135–136
• Valla, Clement, 225–227, 264n55
• van Bakel, Michiel, 184
• Vertov, Dziga, 68–71
• Viégas, Fernanda, 64–67
• Virtual Boy, 195
• Virtual reality (VR), 188, 190–194, 197–205, 208–210
  • and empathy, 200–201, 209–210
  • history of, 197–199, 204–205
  • in popular culture, 195–196
• Visual
  • culture, 3–4, 7, 19, 21
  • positivism, 13–14
• Visual-digital culture, 17–19

• Wattenberg, Martin, 64–67
• Williams, Linda, 127–128
• Willis, Holly, 57
• Winston, Brian, 23, 146
• Wirelessness, 184–189, 233
• Wypijewski, JoAnn, 40

• Y2K, 19
• YouTube. See Google, YouTube

• Zipf, George Kingsley, 56
• Zorn’s lemma, 110
• Zuckerberg, Mark, 126, 244n20
• Zuse, Konrad, vii